scholarly journals A study to compare the ventilation patterns produced with intermittent positive pressure breathing to those produced by deep breathing

1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
C. J. Eales ◽  
A. Shapiro ◽  
D. Edelman ◽  
D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Ventilation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Emboli ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ventilation Pattern ◽  
Group B ◽  
Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing

Much research has been done on IPPB and to date little evidence has been provided to support the use of this modality. Our study was designed to investigate the ventilation pattern produced by IPPB with deep breathing compared to deep breathing only in patients who have had suspected pulmonary emboli. Ventilation images of the lungs obtained through the inhalation of the radio-active gas Krypton were used for this comparison. Twenty-three subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A comprised 12 subjects who received the radio-active gas via IPPB. The 11 subjects in group B received the radio-active gas via the routine circuit, while doing diaphragmatic breathing.The data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. It was shown that in patients with suspected pulmonary emboli there is no evidence that IPPB would increase alveolar ventilation more than deep breathing exercises would.

scholarly journals Comparison of outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with hypoxemia and various APACHE II scores after extubation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 175346662110042
Author(s):  
Xiaoke Shang ◽  
Yanggan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Subgroup Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aims: The study aimed to compare and analyze the outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) in the treatment of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) who had extubation after weaning from mechanical ventilation. Methods: A total 120 patients with AHRF were enrolled into this study. These patients underwent tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. They were organized into two groups according to the score of Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II); group A: APACHE II score <12; group B: 12⩽ APACHE II score <24. Group A had 72 patients and patients given HFNC were randomly assigned to subgroup I while patients given NPPV were assigned to subgroup II (36 patients in each subgroup). Group B had 48 patients and patients given HFNC were randomly assigned to subgroup I while patients given NPPV were assigned to subgroup II (24 patients in each subgroup). General information, respiratory parameters, endpoint event, and comorbidities of adverse effect were compared and analyzed between the two subgroups. Results: The incidence of abdominal distension was significantly higher in patients treated with NPPV than in those treated with HFNC in group A (19.44% versus 0, p = 0.005) and group B (25% versus 0, p = 0.009). There was no significant difference between the HFNC- and NPPV-treated patients in blood pH, oxygenation index, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, and blood lactic acid concentration in either group ( p > 0.05). Occurrence rate of re-intubation within 72 h of extubation was slightly, but not significantly, higher in NPPV-treated patients ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between HFNC and NPPV in preventing respiratory failure in patients with AHRF with an APACHE II score <24 after extubation. However, HFNC was superior to NPPV with less incidence of abdominal distension. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

Physiotherapy in chest disease

1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Forced Expiration ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Postural Drainage ◽  
Chest Disease ◽  
General Mobility ◽  
Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing ◽  
Do So

Physiotherapy is given to patients with chest disease in the hope of aiding the removal of secretions, improving respiratory function and increasing general mobility. Evaluating physiotherapy is difficult and until recently few attempts have been made to do so. This article considers the use of postural drainage, chest percussion and vibration, intermittent positive pressure breathing, forced expiration technique, breathing exercises and general exercises for some common chest conditions.

scholarly journals A pilot study comparing two physiotherapy techniques in patietnts with cystic fibrosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Milne ◽  
C. J. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Lung Function Tests ◽  
Bronchial Secretions ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Minimal Research

The flutter is a simple hand held device designed to facilitate the mobilisation of excess bronchial secretions by means of oscillating positive pressure. Traditionally patients at the Johannesburg Hospital Cystic Fibrosis clinic used the active cycle of breathing technique as a means of facilitating secretion mobilisation and clearance. When the flutter became available in South Africa in 1999 many cystic fibrosis patients wanted to change to this technique. Minimal research has been conducted comparing these two techniques. The aim of this pilot study was therefore to determine which technique is more effective in the mobilisation of  secretions in cystic fibrosis patients. The pilot study was conducted on seven cystic fibrosis patients (mean age 28 years, range 16-42 years) admitted to the Johannesburg Hospital for antibiotic therapy. The study lasted four days and consisted of two treatment days  separated by a washout day on which no physiotherapy was performed. Patients randomised into Group A performed the flutter technique on day two and the active cycle of breathing technique on day four. Group B performed the active cycle of breathing technique on day two and the flutter on day four. The techniques were performed twice a day for  15 minutes. The measurements taken were daily 24-hour sputum samples and daily lung function tests. A questionnaire to determine patient preference to a technique concluded the study.  The results showed no statistical difference between the two techniques with regard to sputum weight or lung function (p<0.05). The questionnaire indicated that on a whole, patients had no preference for a technique.

scholarly journals Oxygenation failure after cardiac surgery: early re-intubation versus treatment by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) or non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Kurt ◽  
Udo Boeken ◽  
Jens Litmathe ◽  
Peter Feindt ◽  
Emmeran Gams
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Due to an increasing incidence of respiratory failure after cardiac surgery we wanted to study whether nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) may improve pulmonary oxygen transfer and may avoid reintubation after coronary operations. Additionally, we compared this protocol to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). Methods: For a period of 2 years we analyzed all patients that were extubated within 12 hours after coronary surgery, and in whom oxygen transfer (PaO2/FIO2) deteriorated without hypercapnia so that all these patients met predefined criteria for reintubation: group A=immediate reintubation (n=88), group B=NCPAP-treatment (n=173), group C=NPPV(n=18). Results: 25,4% of group B- and 22,2% of group C-patients were also intubated after a period of NCPAP or NPPV. All other patients of groups B and C could be weaned from these devices (B = 34.3 ± 5.9 hours; C = 26.4 ± 4.4 h; p&lt;0.05) and were well oxygenated by face mask at ambient pressure (Ratio PaO2/FIO2: B, 138 ± 13; C, 140 ± 13). In group A we found a higher mortality (7.95%) compared to group B (4.04%) and group C (5.55%). NCPAP-patients suffered more frequently from an impaired sternal wound healing (A = 4.5%, B = 8.6%; p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that reintubation after cardiac operations should be avoided since NCPAP and NPPV are safe and effective to improve arterial oxygenation in most patients with non hypercapnic respiratory failure.

HIGH-FREQUENCY ARTIFICIAL LUNG VENTILATION IN PREMATURE INFANTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN THE DELIVERY ROOM

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
A.V. Mostovoi ◽  
◽  
A.L. Karpova ◽  
N.N. Volodin ◽  
N.Yu. Karpov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Conventional Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective of the research: comparison of two methods of initial respiratory support: high-frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Materials and methods: prospective, randomized, pilot study, carried out in one level III perinatal center. Thirty-two ELBW babies was randomly separated in two groups: group A – HFPPV (n=17), group B – CMV (n=15). Results: the recovery time for heart rate more than 100 beats per minute in group A was faster than in group B (33,9 seconds vs. 79,2 seconds, p=0,002). Maximum FiO2 for the period of staying in hospital was significantly higher in group B (0,37 vs. 0,73, p<0,001). Mortality in CMV group was significantly higher (0% versus 27%, p=0,038). Conclusion: HFPPV in the delivery room in ELBW babies effectively restores heart rate, reduces the risk of lungs injury and the risk of death before discharge from the hospital.

Does High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation Have an Impact on Improving Pulmonary Function in Patients With Smoke Inhalation Injury?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesma M Allam ◽  
Manar M Badawy
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Inhalation Injury ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Smoke Inhalation Injury ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wall Oscillation ◽  
Group B

Abstract Smoke inhalation results in bronchospasm of the trachea, increasing secretion of mucus, casts formation, and improvement of blood flow of the airway. High frequency chest wall oscillation is a common modality used for clearing mucus secretion in patients suffering from hypersecretion of thick mucus and used also to help cough clearance. This study aimed to detect the effect of high frequency chest wall oscillation in improving pulmonary function in burn patients suffering from smoke inhalation. Sixty smoke inhalation injury patients were randomly distributed into two groups of equal size. Group A: received high frequency chest wall oscillation and conventional chest physical therapy (breathing exercises, early ambulation, and cough training) thrice per week for 8 weeks. Group B: received traditional chest physical therapy (breathing exercises, early ambulation, and cough training) thrice per week for 8 weeks. Pulmonary function test (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second and peak expiratory flow rate) was measured at enrollment and after 8 weeks by using spirometer. Pulmonary function increased significantly posttreatment when compared with that pretreatment in groups A and B (P &gt; .001). Also, they increased significantly in group A compared with that of group B posttreatment (P &gt; .05). High-frequency chest wall oscillation have an impact on improving pulmonary function and should be handled to be a part of the pulmonary rehabilitation plan for smoke inhalation injury patients.

Dural sinus pressure: various aspects in human brain surgery in children and adults

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (3) ◽  
pp. H389-H396
Author(s):  
T. Iwabuchi ◽  
E. Sobata ◽  
K. Ebina ◽  
H. Tsubakisaka ◽  
M. Takiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dural Sinus ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Sinus Pressure

To prevent air embolism and minimize neurosurgical venous hemorrhage, the dural sinus pressure (confluens sinuum pressure, CSP) was examined under various conditions in 47 cases, 11 of whom were children. Either the extracranial (group A) or catheter type (group B) pressure transducer was used. The latter gave approximately 30% higher values than the former. In any surgical position, children showed a tendency toward higher pressure than did adults. This was particularly the case in the sitting position; adults showed negative pressure [-8.6 +/- 2.3 (SD) mmHg, group A], whereas all eight children less than 9 yr of age (group A, 5 cases; group B, 3 cases) showed positive pressure. The youngest with negative CSP in a sitting position was a 9-yr-old boy. When the upper half of the body was raised, the CSP decreased linearly and became zero at approximately 25 degrees. In anteflexion of the neck, the CSP decreased significantly, and even with inclination of the upper half of the body of only 15-20 degrees or more upward, negative pressure was observed in adults. In children, right and left rotation of the neck showed remarkable increase of the CSP. In both supine and sitting positions, CSP was elevated sufficiently by bilateral jugular compression to prevent air embolism. Positive-pressure respiration did not raise the CSP, contrary to widely accepted knowledge. This study was originally performed in relation to brain surgery, but the results also seemed to be valuable in physiology.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of kinesiotaping and Acu-TENS on maternal and neonatal outcomes in the first stage of labor among primigravidas

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Roshini Rajappan ◽  
Shivaranjani Balamurugan ◽  
Karthikeyan Selvaganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Group A ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Group B

Background: The common reason for rise in elective Caesarean Section (CS) rate among primigravidas is maternal request due to labor pain fear. Many non-pharmacological pain relief strategies are available to help women cope with labor pain, providing a positive and satisfactory birth experience. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of KT and Acu-TENS on maternal and neonatal outcomes in primigravidas.Methods: 40 full-term primigravidas with an age range of 20-40 years were enrolled into the study by convenience sampling method and divided into 2 groups. Group A received KT and Group B received Acu-TENS. Both groups received breathing exercises. Pain assessment at various cervical dilatation levels were carried out for all participants before and after treatment using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Duration of active phase in first stage labor, mode of delivery and neonatal well-being were measured following delivery.Results: Group A experienced VAS score reduction significantly more than Group B, p=0.004; <0.05. There was no significant change in active phase duration of first stage labor between Group A and Group B, p=0.319; >0.05. CS rate was increased in Group A [35% (7/20)] than in Group B [25% (5/20)], but neonatal outcomes were not different.Conclusions: This study proves that KT produced significantly better pain relief than Acu-TENS in first stage labor among primigravidas. Acu-TENS showed reduction in active phase duration of first stage labor than KT. Both interventions can safely be used non-invasively for labor pain relief.

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