scholarly journals A pilot study comparing two physiotherapy techniques in patietnts with cystic fibrosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Milne ◽  
C. J. Eales

The flutter is a simple hand held device designed to facilitate the mobilisation of excess bronchial secretions by means of oscillating positive pressure. Traditionally patients at the Johannesburg Hospital Cystic Fibrosis clinic used the active cycle of breathing technique as a means of facilitating secretion mobilisation and clearance. When the flutter became available in South Africa in 1999 many cystic fibrosis patients wanted to change to this technique. Minimal research has been conducted comparing these two techniques. The aim of this pilot study was therefore to determine which technique is more effective in the mobilisation of  secretions in cystic fibrosis patients. The pilot study was conducted on seven cystic fibrosis patients (mean age 28 years, range 16-42 years) admitted to the Johannesburg Hospital for antibiotic therapy. The study lasted four days and consisted of two treatment days  separated by a washout day on which no physiotherapy was performed. Patients randomised into Group A performed the flutter technique on day two and the active cycle of breathing technique on day four. Group B performed the active cycle of breathing technique on day two and the flutter on day four. The techniques were performed twice a day for  15 minutes. The measurements taken were daily 24-hour sputum samples and daily lung function tests. A questionnaire to determine patient preference to a technique concluded the study.  The results showed no statistical difference between the two techniques with regard to sputum weight or lung function (p<0.05). The questionnaire indicated that on a whole, patients had no preference for a technique.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 5311-5311
Author(s):  
Luisa Giaccone ◽  
Caterina B. Bucca ◽  
Roberto Sorasio ◽  
Marcello Rotta ◽  
Gabriele Aitoro ◽  
...  

Abstract The introduction of non myeloablative/reduced intensity conditioning regimens for allografting has broadened the application of a potentially curative treatment to patients who, for age or medical controindications, could not tolerate conventional high dose preparative regimens. However, pulmonary causes account for a high percentage of post transplant complications. Between May 2001 and December 2004, lung function tests, methacholine inhalation challenge and eNO were evaluate pre transplant and then at 3, 6 and 12 months post allografting in 31/40 of patients affected by hematological malignancies and undergoing non myeloablative transplant at our Institution. Median age was 56 (23–64). Conditioning regimens consisted of fludarabine (90mg/m2 total) and low dose (200 cGy) TBI in 16 patients, TBI only in 14, and penthostatin + TBI in 1. Donors were matched-siblings in all but 4 patients whose donor was matched unrelated. Post-grafting immunosuppression consisted of oral cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil. Nine patients died within 6 months from transplant (group A); causes of death were pulmonary infection in 3, mesothelioma in 1, cerebral toxicity in 3, and progressive disease in 2. Nine died after 12 months from transplant (group B) from bronchiolites obliterans (BO), 1, lung cancer, 1, myocardial ischemia, 1, progressive disease, 4. The remaining 13 are alive (group C) after a median follow-up of 26 months (18–49 months). Patients in groupA were evaluated at baseline only. Overall, baseline rate of carbon monoxide uptake (KCO) was mildly decreased (median 65%, range 42–118%), but significantly lower when compared group A to group C (61% vs 72% p=0.01). A decline of KCO was also observed in group B. Table 1. KCO % Baseline 3 months 6 months 12 months * n=3 in group B; n=7 in group A Group A (range) 60 (45–69) - - - Group B (range) 62 (42–118) 56 (40–82) 55 (36–117) 67 (64–76) GroupC (range) 72 (51–105) 63 (29–65) 72 (61–123) 66 (45–123) Despite similar baseline values, at 6 months, there was evidence of higher eNO in group B when compared to group C (12 vs 31 ppb, p=0.02). Patients who received 2 or more lines of chemotherapy before allografting showed significant higher increases of eNO at 3 and 6 months post transplant: 12 vs 21 ppb (p=0.01) and 12 vs 37 ppb (p=0.0003), respectively. Co-morbidities, disease status, donor type, conditioning regimen and GVHD did not influence any of the parameters studied. BO developed in 2 patients who showed progressive worsening lung function tests and raising eNO. In summary, reduced KCO appeared to be associated with increased transplant related mortality. Previous heavy chemotherapy might predispose transplant patients to higher risk of tissue inflammation as suggested by increased eNO. Moreover, the clinical impact of elevated eNO should be further investigated as it might define a subset of patients at higher risk of pulmonary inflammation and lethal transplant related complications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 175346662110042
Author(s):  
Xiaoke Shang ◽  
Yanggan Wang

Aims: The study aimed to compare and analyze the outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) in the treatment of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) who had extubation after weaning from mechanical ventilation. Methods: A total 120 patients with AHRF were enrolled into this study. These patients underwent tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. They were organized into two groups according to the score of Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II); group A: APACHE II score <12; group B: 12⩽ APACHE II score <24. Group A had 72 patients and patients given HFNC were randomly assigned to subgroup I while patients given NPPV were assigned to subgroup II (36 patients in each subgroup). Group B had 48 patients and patients given HFNC were randomly assigned to subgroup I while patients given NPPV were assigned to subgroup II (24 patients in each subgroup). General information, respiratory parameters, endpoint event, and comorbidities of adverse effect were compared and analyzed between the two subgroups. Results: The incidence of abdominal distension was significantly higher in patients treated with NPPV than in those treated with HFNC in group A (19.44% versus 0, p = 0.005) and group B (25% versus 0, p = 0.009). There was no significant difference between the HFNC- and NPPV-treated patients in blood pH, oxygenation index, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, and blood lactic acid concentration in either group ( p > 0.05). Occurrence rate of re-intubation within 72 h of extubation was slightly, but not significantly, higher in NPPV-treated patients ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between HFNC and NPPV in preventing respiratory failure in patients with AHRF with an APACHE II score <24 after extubation. However, HFNC was superior to NPPV with less incidence of abdominal distension. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.


Thorax ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 669-674
Author(s):  
E Caballero ◽  
M-E Drobnic ◽  
M-T Pérez ◽  
J-M Manresa ◽  
A Ferrer ◽  
...  

BACKGROUNDPseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent cause of infection in patients with bronchiectasis. Differentiation between non-infected patients and those with different degrees of P aeruginosainfection could influence the management and prognosis of these patients. The diagnostic usefulness of serum IgG antibodies againstP aeruginosa outer membrane proteins was determined in patients with bronchiectasis without cystic fibrosis.METHODSFifty six patients were classified according to sputum culture into three groups: group A (n=18) with no P aeruginosain any sample; group B (n=18) with P aeruginosa alternating with other microorganisms; and group C (n=20) with P aeruginosa in all sputum samples. Each patient had at least three sputum cultures in the 6 months prior to serum collection. Detection of antibodies was performed by Western blot and their presence against 20 protein bands (10–121 kd) was assessed.RESULTSAntibodies to more than four bands in total or to five individual bands (36, 26, 22, 20 or 18 kd) differentiated group B from group A, while antibodies to a total of more than eight bands or to 10 individual bands (104, 69, 63, 56, 50, 44, 30, 25, 22, 13 kd) differentiated group C from group B. When discordant results between the total number of bands and the frequency of P aeruginosa isolation were obtained, the follow up of patients suggested that the former, in most cases, predicted chronic P aeruginosacolonisation.CONCLUSIONIn patients with bronchiectasis the degree of P aeruginosa infection can be determined by the number and type of outer membrane protein bands indicating which serum antibodies are present.


2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Typhaine Billard-Pomares ◽  
Stéphanie Herwegh ◽  
Nathalie Wizla-Derambure ◽  
Dominique Turck ◽  
René Courcol ◽  
...  

Early detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and early aggressive treatment are recommended to delay chronic infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The aim of this study was to assess a quantitative PCR (q-PCR) assay for the diagnosis of early P. aeruginosa colonization in 23 young CF patients (group A, age range 7–18 years) and to survey the eradication of P. aeruginosa in 10 young CF patients (group B, age range 5–18 years) after an initial antibiotic treatment. q-PCR results for consecutive sputum samples from each patient during a period of 18 months were compared with bacterial cultures during the same period plus an additional period of 12 months, and with concomitant clinical signs of pulmonary exacerbation. The q-PCR and bacterial cultures were negative for 17 of the 23 patients in group A and six of the 10 patients in group B during the study period. However, consecutive positive q-PCR results were observed for one patient in group A and three patients in group B, while the bacterial cultures for the same sputum sample remained negative. They preceded positive P. aeruginosa bacterial cultures at 7 and 8 months for two patients in group B. These positive results were associated with a worsening of the clinical status of patients, but pulmonary exacerbation appeared non-specific for the diagnosis of early P. aeruginosa colonization since pulmonary exacerbations were observed in patients in whom q-PCR or bacterial culture remained negative. In conclusion, q-PCR may be a useful additional tool to provide information on the P. aeruginosa status of CF patients.


2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
s. m. stace ◽  
s. m. huggett ◽  
b. k. denton ◽  
a. m. harries

the aim of this study was to establish whether hydration prior to radiopharmaceutical injection, in addition to post injection hydration, contributed any value to image quality during bone scintigraphy. two hundred patients referred for bone imaging over a four month period were randomised into two groups. group a was issued with instructions to hydrate pre and post injection, and group b was only advised to hydrate between injection and scan. equal regions of interest (roi) were then drawn on each image: firstly over the femoral diaphysis, and secondly over the contra-lateral adductor area. the total number of gamma counts from the bone roi and the soft tissue roi was then expressed as a ratio, and a mean value for each group was established.the mean ratio for group a was found to be 2.25, and for group b 2.30. a t test of variance confirmed that there was no statistical difference between the ratios of the groups (t = 50.272, n = 5100, p = 50.618). it was concluded that hydration levels prior to bone scintigraphy injection, where it is preserved post injection, have no significant effect on the bone-soft tissue (b:st) ratio in the image.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1985-1994
Author(s):  
Shanhong Shi ◽  
Fang Xing ◽  
Weiyuan Lin

Objective: This paper focuses on the foot-process in renal biopsies of patients with lgA, and examines their correlation with baseline clinical indicators and pathological manifestations in patients with lgA. Method: A retrospective data of patients who performed renal biopsy proven IgA nephropathy was selected. The patients who reached the agreed standard were grouped based on the degree of foot-process. There were three groups (ABC Groups) (Du, Y. and Huang, C, 2009. The value of proteinuria and foot process fusion in the onset of prognosis of acute kidney disease. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 10(1), pp.44-45): group A for patients with no obvious foot-process lesion; group B for patients with segmental foot-process; group C for patients with massive foot-process. The three groups were reviewed in the aspects of baseline clinical indicators and Oxford classification, so as to discover foot-process’ effect on patients with IgA nephropathy. Results: A total of 129 patients with IgA nephropathy were included in the study. Concerning about the clinical baseline indicators related to the degree of foot-process, the 24-hour proteinuria level at admission was statistically significant and positively correlated (r = 0.324, P = 0.000). The comparison between groups showed there was statistically significant difference between group C and group A and group B (P = 0.001, P = 0.035). According to the Oxford Classification, only the differences of mesangial hypercellularity (M) and segmental sclerosis/adhesion (S) were statistically significant (r = 0.239, P = 0.006; r = 0.257, P = 0.003) and were positively correlated. In terms of mesangial hypercellularity (M), the differences between group A and B, group A and C were statistically significant (P = 0.01, P = 0.003). The comparison between group B and group C showed statistical difference (P = −0.031) in segmental sclerosis/adhesion (S). Among the 76 patients with S0 revealed by the Oxford classification, there were 55 patients of glomerulosclerosis, which was positively correlated with the degree of foot process (r = 0.211, P = 0.016). The comparison between group A and group C showed statistical difference (P = 0.014). Conclusion: The severity foot-process was positively correlated with the level of proteinuria. Foot-process is positively related with mesangial hypercellularity, segmental sclerosis and glomerulosclerosis. With more severe the foot-process, there will be more serious mesangial hypercellularity and irreversible glomerular injury. Foot-process is positively correlated with Lee’s Pathological Grading.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdul Mohsen Abdul Naiem Ismaiel ◽  
Omar Mohamed Taha El Safty ◽  
Ashraf El Sayed El-Agamy ◽  
Omar Mohamed Zafer Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Mourad Mohsen Mohamed Ali

Abstract Background One of the most common problems in parturients receiving regional anesthesia during cesarean section is shivering. It usually interferes with the readings of the oxygen plethysmography (SpO2) and electrocardiogram (ECG). It expands the needs for oxygen and increases creation of carbon dioxide about four folds. The aim of this work is to compare the efficacy of dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine in prevention of perioperative shivering when added to hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally in cesarean sections (CS) and their effect on the intraoperative hemodynamics, intensity of the block, sedation, and postoperative analgesic requirement. Results Study included 60 obstetric patients who fulfilled all the inclusion criteria and were randomized into 2 equal groups, each consisting of 30 patients, namely group A (dexmedetomidine group) and B (dexamethasone group). Group A patients received 5 μg dexmedetomidine with 12.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% intrathecally. Group B patients received 8 mg dexamethasone then 12.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% intrathecally. The comparison included assessment of intra- and postoperative hemodynamics, duration of surgery, assessment of sensory and motor block, assessment for shivering and sedation, and assessment of adverse events. This study showed that there were a small number of patients complaining of shivering (five patients in group A and seven patients in group B) with no statistical difference between both groups in the incidence and intensity of shivering. Time to two segment regression (minutes) was longer in group B compared to group A, and also, time to first analgesic rescue was longer in group B compared to group A. For sedation intensity, there was statistical difference between both groups as all patients in group A were sedated compared to six patients only in group B. There was no statistical difference between both groups as regards incidence of adverse effects. Conclusion We concluded that both drugs can be added safely to bupivacaine, and both dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone decreased the incidence and the intensity of shivering. Dexamethasone was found to prolong the duration of sensory block and delay opioid requirements post-operatively, while dexmedetomidine is more effective in sedating the patients intra- and postoperatively.


2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Riario-Sforza ◽  
C. Incorvaia ◽  
F. Paterniti ◽  
N. Dugnani ◽  
M. Fumagalli

Background. Pulmonary rehabilitation is recognised as an effective treatment in reducing disability and improving the quality of life in patients with COPD. We evaluated the effects of a course of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the physical performance and lung function in patients with or without COPD exacerbations. Methods. 74 patients with COPD were enrolled, 37 (24 males and 13 females, mean age 74.6 years) without exacerbations (group A), and 37 (23 males, 14 females, mean age 73.9 years) with exacerbations (group B). The latter must have had the latest exacerbation at least one month before the inclusion. All patients underwent to a rehabilitation programme of 8 visits in 4 weeks in a day-hospital setting, with exercise training, respiratory muscle training and education on COPD. The changes in physical performance and lung function in respect to baseline were measured by a 6-minute walking test, using phethysmography, and by an analogic manometer measuring maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP). Results. Patients of group A showed a mean increase in timed walk distance of 58.38 ± 57.46 m, compared to a mean increase of 31.38 ± 44.78 m in group B patients (p = 0.028). As to lung function, a mean increase of 178.92 ± 132.28 ml in FEV1 in group A versus 67.84 ± 102.04 ml in group B (p &lt; 0.0001) and a mean increase of 22.36 ± 25.06 cm H2O in MEP in group A versus 7.70 ± 12.28 cm H2O in group B (p = 0.002) was found. Conclusions. These findings indicate that patients with COPD with exacerbations achieve a less favourable outcome of pulmonary rehabilitation, with a significantly lower improvement of physical performance, respiratory muscle strength and lung function in respect to subjects without exacerbations.


1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
L White ◽  
G McCowage ◽  
G Kannourakis ◽  
V Nayanar ◽  
L Colnan ◽  
...  

PURPOSE This pilot study of the Australia and New Zealand Childhood Cancer Study Group investigated the effectiveness and toxicity of a regimen incorporating vincristine (VCR), etoposide, and divided-dose, escalating cyclophosphamide (CPA) (VETOPEC) in 23 patients aged 1 to 20 years with solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients (group A) had recurrent or refractory tumors after prior multiagent therapy, and six patients (group B) with adverse prognostic indicators were treated at initial presentation. Treatment cycles were 21 to 28 days and consisted of vincristine (0.05 mg/kg) on days 1 and 14, with etoposide (2.5 mg/kg/d) plus escalating CPA on days 1, 2, and 3. The CPA dosage was escalated from 30 mg/kg/d in cycle no. 1 by 5 mg/kg/d in each cycle to a maximum of 55 mg/kg/d in cycle no. 6. RESULTS Of 20 patients assessable for tumor response, 19 (95%) responded after two to six cycles of VETOPEC: seven complete responses (CRs); eight very good partial responses (VGPRs); and four partial responses (PRs). In group A, 13 of 14 (93%) assessable patients responded (five CRs, four VGPRs, four PRs), and in group B, five stage IV and one stage III patient achieved two CRs and four VGPRs. The principal toxicity was myelosuppression. Grade IV neutropenia occurred after 98% of cycles, and the incidence of grade IV thrombocytopenia increased from 37% after cycle no. 1 to 91% after cycle no. 6 (P = .002). A total of 115 cycles delivered were followed by 62 febrile admissions (54%), and showed a significant rise with increasing cycles (P = .001). One patient died of septicemia. CONCLUSION This combination and scheduling produced a high response rate in patients with recurrent, refractory, or advanced solid tumors of childhood. Further studies of this regimen and of strategies to reduce hematologic toxicity are warranted.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
Amanda Oliva Gobato ◽  
Ana Carolina Junqueira Vasques ◽  
Antonio Fernando Ribeiro ◽  
Roberto Massao Yamada ◽  
Gabriel Hessel

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatic steatosis (HS) in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and associate it with nutritional status. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents with CF diagnosis. Weight and height were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and subsequent classification of the nutritional status. The midarm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) and midarm muscle circumference (MAMC) were used to evaluate body composition. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed for diagnosis of HS. The statistical tests used were Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney test and chi-square test with significance level of 5%. Results: 50 patients with CF were evaluated, 18 (36%) were diagnosed with HS (Group A) and 32 (64%) without HS (Group B). The mean age of Group A was 13,2±4,9 years old and Group B 11,7±4,9; for BMI, the value for Group A was 18,0±4,1 and Group B was 15,7±3,8; the TSF of Group A was 8,4±3,5 mm and Group B was 7,0±2,5 mm. For these variables, there was no significant difference between the groups. The mean of MAC and MAMC differed significantly between the groups, being higher in the HS group, with p values of 0,047 and 0,043. Conclusions: The frequency of HS in patients with CF is high and it is not related to malnutrition, according to the parameters of BMI, TSF and MAMC. The values of MAC and MAMC indicated a greater reserve of muscle mass in patients with HS.


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