scholarly journals Social Anxiety Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
S Seedat
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Specific Phobias

<div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 324.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.971046);" data-canvas-width="419.81549999999993">According to epidemiological studies, rates of social anxiety disorder</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 344.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11655);" data-canvas-width="424.26750000000004">(SAD) or social phobia range from 3% to 16% in the general</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 364.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.987995);" data-canvas-width="69.1185">population.</div><div style="left: 139.985px; top: 365.947px; font-size: 9.00733px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.952064);" data-canvas-width="16.423109999999998">[1,2]</div><div style="left: 156.408px; top: 364.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.977187);" data-canvas-width="334.422">Social phobia and specific phobias have an earlier age</div>of onset than other anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals An Explorative Study to Assess the Prevalence of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Its Determinants among High School Students of Selected High School of Bagalkot

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Nagarjun Mundinamani ◽  
Renukaraj Nagammanavar ◽  
Deelip S Natekar
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Social

Introduction: As per research studies have shown that social anxiety disorder has a worldwide prevalence of 5 to 10% and a lifetime prevalence rate of 8.4% to 15% among high school students.1 Rural Indian children are facing this problem of lethal evil more as compared to Urban high school students in India. Objective: To assess the prevalence of social anxiety disorder [sad] and its determinants among high school students of selected high school of Bagalakote. Methods: Descriptive survey approach was used for the study with cross sectional survey design. 120 high school students between 14 years to 16 years of age were selected Disproportionate stratified random sampling technique method from high school students studying in selected high school of Bagalkot. The data regarding determinants was collected by structured interview schedule and self-report method. The Social Phobia Inventory (abbreviated as SPIN) is a five point scale was used to categories the high school students according to their social anxiety disorders. The association was explored by Chi square test, Fisher’s exact probability test and linear regression. Results: Total 120 high school students were responded for Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) scale, in that level of social anxiety disorders had reveals that majority 83.3% had non phobic, 15.8% had mild and 0.8% had moderate, there is no extremely phobic. A significant association was found between the social anxiety disorders of adolescents and their selected socio-demographic variables like monthly income (χ2= 21.199; P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings revealed that there was a positive correlation found between the psychological wellbeing and academic performance among adolescents, recommended health education, early recommended understanding the social anxiety disorder and its determinants by their students especially among the fresher`s. Effectiveness of teaching programmes regarding impact of its determinants on level of social anxiety disorders among adolescents can be done had positive effect on adolescents health, which were also statistically significant. Key words: Social anxiety disorder, Determinants, Adolescents, high school students, academic performance, Spin scale.

Social anxiety disorder and specific phobias

2012 ◽  
pp. 739-750
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Blackmore ◽  
Brigette A. Erwin ◽  
Richard G. Heimberg ◽  
Leanne Magee ◽  
David M. Fresco
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Specific Phobias ◽  
State Of The Field

As our classification systems have been refined, we have come to view social anxiety disorder (social phobia) and specific phobias as distinct disorders, with divergent patterns of prevalence, aetiology, and course. Moreover, treatments for these disorders have become increasingly sophisticated. This chapter presents an overview of the current state of the field with regard to social anxiety disorder and specific phobias.

scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) to Treat Social Anxiety Disorder: Case Reports and a Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Paes ◽  
Tathiana Baczynski ◽  
Felipe Novaes ◽  
Tamires Marinho ◽  
Oscar Arias-Carrión ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
The Right

Objectives: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common and debilitating anxiety disorders. However, few studies had been dedicated to the neurobiology underlying SAD until the last decade. Rates of non-responders to standard methods of treatment remain unsatisfactorily high of approximately 25%, including SAD. Advances in our understanding of SAD could lead to new treatment strategies. A potential non invasive therapeutic option is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Thus, we reported two cases of SAD treated with rTMS Methods: The bibliographical search used Pubmed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge and Scielo databases. The terms chosen for the search were: anxiety disorders, neuroimaging, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Results: In most of the studies conducted on anxiety disorders, except SAD, the right prefrontal cortex (PFC), more specifically dorsolateral PFC was stimulated, with marked results when applying high-rTMS compared with studies stimulating the opposite side. However, according to the “valence hypothesis”, anxiety disorders might be characterized by an interhemispheric imbalance associated with increased right-hemispheric activity. With regard to the two cases treated with rTMS, we found a decrease in BDI, BAI and LSAS scores from baseline to follow-up. Conclusion: We hypothesize that the application of low-rTMS over the right medial PFC (mPFC; the main structure involved in SAD circuitry) combined with high-rTMS over the left mPFC, for at least 4 weeks on consecutive weekdays, may induce a balance in brain activity, opening an attractive therapeutic option for the treatment of SAD.

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Starcevic, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Status ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Severe Psychopathology

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is conceptualized as an excessive and/or unreasonable fear of situations in which the person’s behavior or appearance might be scrutinized and evaluated. This fear is a consequence of the person’s expectation to be judged negatively, which might lead to embarrassment or humiliation. Typical examples of feared and usually avoided social situations are giving a talk in public, performing other tasks in front of others, and interacting with people in general. Although the existence of SAD as a psychopathological entity has been known for at least 100 years, it was only relatively recently, with the publication of DSM-III in 1980, that SAD (or social phobia) acquired the status of an ‘‘official’’ psychiatric diagnosis. The term social anxiety disorder has been increasingly used instead of social phobia, because it is felt that the use of the former term conveys more strongly the pervasiveness and impairment associated with the condition and that this term will promote better recognition of the disorder and contribute to better differentiation from specific phobia (Liebowitz et al., 2000). Like generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder is common and controversial. Unlike generalized anxiety disorder, which is described in different ways by different diagnostic criteria and different researchers and clinicians, SAD does not suffer from a ‘‘description problem.’’ It is not particularly difficult to recognize features of SAD; what may be difficult is making sense of these features. Main issues associated with SAD are listed below…. 1. Where are the boundaries of SAD? How well is SAD distinguished from ‘‘normal’’ social anxiety and shyness on one hand, and from severe psychopathology on the other? 2. Is there a danger of ‘‘pathologizing’’ intense social anxiety by labeling it a psychiatric disorder? How can the distress and suffering of people with high levels of social anxiety be acknowledged if they are not given the corresponding diagnostic label? 3. Is SAD a bona fide mental disorder? 4. Can the subtyping scheme (nongeneralized vs. generalized SAD) be supported? 5. Is there a spectrum of social anxiety disorders?

scholarly journals Behavioral Inhibition in Childhood as A Risk Factor for Development of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3941
Author(s):  
Garcia-Lopez Luis-Joaquin ◽  
Espinosa-Fernández Lourdes ◽  
Muela-Martínez José A
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
School Settings ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Home And School

Previous research has suggested the association between behavioral inhibition (BI) and the development of social anxiety disorder in childhood. However, there is scarce research using longitudinal methodology in Spanish-speaking populations. To cover this gap, the sample comprised 73 children ranging from six to eight years who had been examined for BI two years earlier in home and school settings. Children and their parents were administered the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5-Child and Parent Versions to assess the presence of possible anxiety disorders. The results revealed the stability of BI symptomatology over time. Data also showed that BI children were almost ten times more likely to develop social anxiety disorder two years later, compared to no-BI children. As a result, findings suggest behavioral inhibition strongly predicts social anxiety disorder, making BI a logical focus for selective preventive interventions. Therefore, screening for behavioral inhibition holds promise for primary prevention.

scholarly journals Early-onset social anxiety disorder in adults: clinical and therapeutic features

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bezerra de Menezes ◽  
Leonardo F. Fontenelle ◽  
Márcio Versiani
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Psychiatric Complications

OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible differences in clinical and treatment response in patients suffering from early-onset (< 18 years) and late-onset (>18 years) social anxiety disorder. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with social anxiety disorder of early-onset (n = 47; 75.8%) were compared to those diagnosed with late-onset social anxiety disorder (n = 15; 24.2%) in terms of age, mode of onset, subtype, psychiatric comorbidities (according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV), symptom severity and response (assessed according to the Clinical Global Impression scale) after at least ten weeks of drug treatment. The statistical analyses included chi² tests with Yates correction or Fisher's exact test, as well as Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test. The level of statistic significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: Patients presenting early-onset phobic symptoms more frequently: were inactive (chi² = 4.28; df = 1; p = 0.04); suffered from the generalized subtype of social phobia (chi² = 6.53; df = 1; p = 0.01); and presented psychiatric comorbidity (chi² = 6.71; df = 1; p = 0.01). No differences were observed between the groups in severity of symptoms and therapeutic response. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the existence of a possible social anxiety disorder subtype characterized by early onset of symptoms, higher rates of absenteeism, a wider range of social phobia symptoms and psychiatric complications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Clinical Global Impression Scale among individuals with social anxiety disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. ZAIDER ◽  
R. G. HEIMBERG ◽  
D. M. FRESCO ◽  
F. R. SCHNEIER ◽  
M. R. LIEBOWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Clinical Global Impression ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Global Impression Scale ◽  
Additional Variance

Background. The clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) is commonly used as a primary outcome measure in studies evaluating the efficacy of treatments for anxiety disorders. The current study evaluated the psychometric properties and predictors of clinicians' ratings on an adapted version of the CGI among individuals with social anxiety disorders.Method. An independent assessor administered the CGI Severity of Illness and Improvement ratings to 123 patients at baseline and the subset of treated patients again mid- and post-treatment.Results. Improvement ratings were strongly related to both concurrent Severity of Illness and changes in Severity of Illness ratings from baseline. Additionally, both CGI ratings were positively correlated with both self-report and clinician-administered measures of social anxiety, depression, impairment and quality of life. Measures of social anxiety symptoms accounted for a large portion of the variance in Severity of Illness ratings, with significant additional variance accounted for by measures of impairment and depression. Changes in social anxiety symptoms from baseline accounted for significant variance in Improvement ratings, but no significant additional variance was accounted for by changes in impairment and depressive symptoms.Conclusions. Our findings support the utility of the CGI as an index of global severity and symptom-specific improvement among individuals with social anxiety disorder.

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