scholarly journals Nuclear safety in perspective

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
J. K. Basson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Nuclear Safety ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Radio Isotopes

The impending operation of South Africa’s first nuclear power station, Koeberg, necessitates a thorough analysis of nuclear safety under local conditions. More is known, worldwide, about radiation effects than about any other health hazard, and international norms have already been accepted since 1928. The widespread use of X-rays and radio-isotopes, the extraction and processing of uranium, visits by nuclear-powered ships and, especially, the nuclear-reactor operation in South Africa. Consequently, the pre-operational investigations of Koeberg could be completed thoroughly, with full confidence in its safe commissioning.

The Efficacy of Citric Acid Mycelium in the Prevention of Uptake and the Removal of Caesium137 in Sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
P.A. Owens ◽  
S.B. Telfer ◽  
C.L Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station

The Chernobyl nuclear power station accident in April 1986, resulted in widespread deposition of radionuclides across Europe and the Former Soviet Union. The radionuclides 1-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137 are of particular concern as a potential health hazard due to their accumulation in the plant-animal-human food chain.Due to the long half life of Cs-137 (30 years), contaminated regions will take several years to return to evels prior to the accident.

Nanotube Potential Future in Nuclear Power

2008 ◽  
Vol 1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liviu Popa-Simil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

AbstractThe nanotubes presents high potential of applications in nuclear power, integrating them both in advanced fuels developments nano-breeding and in nano-shielding. The carbon nanotubes may be successfully used to create fuel wires used in high temperature applications and near perfect burning generating new procedures in nuclear reactor waste management while reducing the waste by two orders of magnitude. The modified nanowire may hold various other materials as conductors and insulators being useful in direct conversion of the nuclear energy into electricity, by including in the center a sequence of high and low electron density conductors. As direct conversion structures they can handle all the required functions into a nuclear reactor or energy harvesting blanket to assure high power density, high efficiency and minimal waste. Another very challenging application is the usage of nanotube to channel low energy nuclear radiation and guide it, similar to the GHz wave-guides or to hundreds of THz optic fibers. The operation domain of the nanotubes is placed mainly in the domain of UV to X rays, being the role of composite structures or nanowire channeling to cover the gamma ray domain. The carbon nanotubes may become useful cold neutrons transport devices with directive capabilities as short bending or focusing. The theoretical approaches and simulations predicted these new application capabilities of nanowires for nuclear materials with exceptional properties.

scholarly journals Radiological condition of farmland in Ukrainian Polissya

2016 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
A. Naumenko ◽  
O. Makarchuk ◽  
O. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Radioactive Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Radio Isotopes

The accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power station caused a radioactive pollution in 1986. The size of distribution of radioisotopes is considered to be a global catastrophe. Due to the escalation of radioactive clouds and characteristic peculiarities of climate and soil typical for biogeocenose of Polissia, the examination of soil of agricultural lands resulted in concluding that the most contaminated regions are Chernihiv, Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Rivne, and Volyn regions. The analysis of the density of soil contamination with 137Cs and 90Sr which has been done through radiological monitoring for thirty years after the Chornobyl accident is currently important due to the fact that the half reduction of radio isotopes usually takes such a period of time. Therefore, this article presents agricultural land areas of contaminated soils 137Cs during the 1986; it also considers their current radiological state. It should be noted that a statement of purpose to conduct specifying radio ecological examination of land is done to get an intrinsic evaluation of changes in the density of contaminated soils of agricultural land areas.

Mechanical Engineering Aspects of Concrete Reactor Pressure Vessels for Oldbury Nuclear Power Station

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 927-948
Author(s):  
R. W. Lakin
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Integral Type ◽  
Power Station ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reactor Pressure

The use of prestrcssed concrete vessels to contain a nuclear reactor is not in itself novel, as the French in their G2 and G5 vessels at Marcoule had pioneered this form of construction, but the Oldbury vessels contained the first reactors of the integral type in which the core, boilers and gas circuit are contained within the same vessel. This type of reactor had been under consideration for some time by the author's company, and during the early part of 1960 a study had been completed which showed that this design was both feasible and economically attractive. The design formed the basis for the Oldbury Power Station, construction of which started in 1962.

The Impact of Primary Circuit Coolant Average Temperature on the Secondary Circuit Thermal Efficiency at Nuclear Power Station

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 601-604
Author(s):  
Sheng Long Wang ◽  
Tong Li
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Primary Circuit ◽  
Secondary Circuit ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Reactor Operating ◽  
The Impact

The variations of secondary circuit parameters are limited by the parameters of primary circuit during PWR nuclear power station operation, the primary circuit average temperature should vary at the range of nuclear reactor operating safely. In the existing analysis of secondary circuit thermal efficiency at nuclear power station, the impact of primary circuit average temperature on the secondary circuit thermal efficiency is not taken into consideration. In this paper, the changes of primary circuit average temperature in actual operation are considered, the secondary circuit parameters are calculated according to the model of heat flux transfer between primary and secondary circuit, the thermal efficiency of ideal cycle is chosen as the evaluating indicator of secondary circuit thermal efficiency, the thermal efficiencies of ideal cycle in secondary circuit are calculated under the conditions of varying coolant average temperature with the method of matrix, and the calculated results are basis for the safe and economic operation of nuclear power station.

The Research and Comparison of Thermal-Hydraulic Test Facilities for Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lu ◽  
Changzhi Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Nuclear Safety ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Integral Test ◽  
Hydraulic Test ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Wide Range

Recently, nuclear power safety draws more attention after Fukushima nuclear accident, for which it is essential to construct a large number of test facilities simulating possible issues occurred in the reactor. The thermal-hydraulic test facility is extensively used to simulate thermal-hydraulic response during a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) or an operational transient which can minimize the nuclear safety accidents. This paper focus on the research of thermal-hydraulic test facilities of PWRs in different countries. All of facilities were designed by scaling analysis method. Meanwhile, a wide range of data comprising of power data, pressure data, volume data, configuration and a series of nuclear safety test data is compared in over ten test facilities. Based on above comparable data and relevant research, the main conclusions are as follows: Scaling analysis lays a solid foundation for the design and construction of scale-down nuclear reactor thermal-hydraulic test facilities. This would provide the reference for choosing scaling concepts in the reactor integral test facility.

Eds Of Radioactive Particles By Self-Induced Fluorescence

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Finch ◽  
Richard G. Cuddihy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Reactor Accident ◽  
Internal Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
External Sources ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Individual Particles

The elemental composition of individual particles is commonly measured by using energydispersive spectroscopic microanalysis (EDS) of samples excited with electron beam irradiation. Similarly, several investigators have characterized particles by using external monochromatic X-irradiation rather than electrons. However, there is little available information describing measurements of particulate characteristic X rays produced not from external sources of radiation, but rather from internal radiation contained within the particle itself. Here, we describe the low-energy (< 20 KeV) characteristic X-ray spectra produced by internal radiation self-excitation of two general types of particulate samples; individual radioactive particles produced during the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident and radioactive fused aluminosilicate particles (FAP). In addition, we compare these spectra with those generated by conventional EDS.Approximately thirty radioactive particle samples from the Chernobyl accident were on a sample of wood that was near the reactor when the accident occurred. Individual particles still on the wood were microdissected from the bulk matrix after bulk autoradiography.

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