Development of a radiopharmaceutical dose calculator for pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic nuclear medicine studies

Um die Strahlenexposition und das Strahlenrisiko für die Bevölkerung durch die nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik in Bulgarien zu ermitteln, wurde eine Erhebung für das Jahr 1980 über die Arten und Anzahl der Applikationen von Radiopharmaka, über die verwendeten Aktivitäten und über die Geschlechts- und Altersverteilung der untersuchten Patienten durchgeführt. Die Gesamtzahl diagnostischer in vivo Applikationen betrug 116418 (davon 40,5% bei Männern und 59,5% bei Frauen), d.h. 13,1 Applikationen per 1000 Einwohner. Die applizierte Gesamtaktivität aller 44 verwendeter Radiopharmaka betrug ca. 2,1 TBq (56 Ci). Die Geschlechts- und Altersverteilung der untersuchten Patienten war ähnlich jener in anderen Ländern: nur 17,4% aller Patienten waren im reproduktionsfähigen Alter, 52,7% waren über 45 Jahre alt. Im Vergleich zu anderen entwickelten Ländern war in Bulgarien im Jahr 1980 der Anteil der 131J-Jodid-Untersuchungen verhältnismäßig hoch.

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Radiation exposure in the environment of patients after application of radiopharmaceuticals

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.3413/nukmed-0184 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 47 (06) ◽

pp. 267-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. Boldt ◽

C. Kobe ◽

W. Eschner ◽

H. Schicha ◽

F. Sudbrock

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Radioactive Source ◽

Time Intervals ◽

The Public ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽

Photon Dose ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Study Dose

Summary Aim: After application of radiopharmaceuticals the patient becomes a radioactive source which leads to radiation exposure in the proximity. The photon dose rates after administration of different radiopharmaceuticals used in diagnostic nuclear medicine were measured at several distances and different time intervals. These data are of importance for estimating the exposure of technologists and members of the public. Patients, method: In this study dose rates were measured for 67 patients after application of the following radiopharmaceuticals: 99mTc-HDP as well as 99mTcpertechnetate, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 111In-Octreotid and Zevalin® and 123I-mIBG in addition to 123I-NaI. The dose rates were measured immediately following application at six different distances to the patient. After two hours the measurements were repeated and – whenever possible – after 24 hours and seven days. Results: Immediately following application the highest dose rates were below 1 mSv / h: with a maximum at 780 μSv/h for 18F (370 MBq), 250 μSv/h for 99mTc (700 MBq), 150 μSv/h for 111In (185 MBq) and 132 μSv/ h for 123I (370 MBq). At a distance of 0.5 m the values decrease significantly by an order of magnitude. Two hours after application the values are diminished to 1/3 (99mTc, 18F), to nearly ½ (123I) but remain in the same order of magnitude for the longer-lived 111In radiopharmaceuticals. Conclusion: For greater distances the doses remain below the limits outlined in the national legislation.

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Targeting Molecular Imaging Approach for Detection of Infection and Inflammation by Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Techniques

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/157340561003141003155112 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 215-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akram Fazli ◽

Mojtaba Salouti

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Molecular Imaging ◽

Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽

Imaging Approach ◽

Infection And Inflammation

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Chelators and metal complex stability for radiopharmaceutical applications

Radiochimica Acta ◽

10.1515/ract-2018-3090 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 (9-11) ◽

pp. 1087-1120 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nkemakonam C. Okoye ◽

Jakob E. Baumeister ◽

Firouzeh Najafi Khosroshahi ◽

Heather M. Hennkens ◽

Silvia S. Jurisson

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Metal Complex ◽

Complex Stability ◽

Critical Aspect ◽

Technetium 99M ◽

Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽

Key Factor ◽

The 1960S ◽

Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine

Abstract Diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine relies heavily on radiometal nuclides. The most widely used and well-known radionuclide is technetium-99m (99mTc), which has dominated diagnostic nuclear medicine since the advent of the 99Mo/99mTc generator in the 1960s. Since that time, many more radiometals have been developed and incorporated into potential radiopharmaceuticals. One critical aspect of radiometal-containing radiopharmaceuticals is their stability under in vivo conditions. The chelator that is coordinated to the radiometal is a key factor in determining radiometal complex stability. The chelators that have shown the most promise and are under investigation in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals over the last 5 years are discussed in this review.

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Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Investigations in the Management of Thyroid Cancer

Practical Management of Thyroid Cancer ◽

10.1007/1-84628-013-3_27 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 341-357

Author(s):

Susan E.M. Clarke

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

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On the State of Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine in Gastroenterology

Digestion ◽

10.1159/000196989 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 48-55

Author(s):

F. Wolf

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

The State ◽

Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

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Nuclear medicine in the pediatric field

Journal of Advanced Health Care ◽

10.36017/jahc2105-006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 36-65

Author(s):

Barone Sebastiano ◽

Pagliuso Serena

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

European Association ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Target Organ ◽

Organ Weight ◽

Reference Levels ◽

Medical Examinations

The work presented describes the main ways of preparing radiopharmaceuticals and carrying out nuclear-medical examinations in pediatric patients. Through the differences in the execution of the tests, the importance of dosimetry is revealed, i.e. the diagnostic reference levels, in which the percentage of activity that must be administered to the child on the basis of that introduced in the adult is indicated. Through a study performed on pediatric patients, subjected to nuclear-medical investigations, the validity of the LDRs is reported according to the scheme in tab. 6 (EANM-EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE). Through a study conducted in pediatric patients, subjected to medical - nuclear investigations, the importance of the dose is noted in order to obtain greater benefits in the patient and high quality images for diagnostic purposes. By carrying out pediatric-radiopharmaceutical calculations, it is possible to reproduce the aforementioned, ie an optimization of the dose. Using body surface area Child's body surface area (m2) _______________________________ = 0.53g: 1.8 g = 29% - 2.9 mCi Adult's body surface area (m2) Using organ weight Target organ weight of child (g) = 93 g: 310g = 30% - 3.0 mCi Target organ weight of adult (g)

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Patient radiation dose assessment system for diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures: Implementation and first results

Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection ◽

10.2298/ntrp2004380d ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 380-385

Author(s):

Dea Dundara-Debeljuh ◽

Slaven Jurkovic ◽

Ivan Pribanic ◽

Neva Girotto ◽

Svjetlana Grbac-Ivankovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Radiation Risk ◽

Assessment System ◽

Dose Assessment ◽

Medical Documentation ◽

Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽

Nuclear Medicine Procedures ◽

Radiation Dose Assessment ◽

Patient Radiation Dose

Dose assessment of diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures is necessary to further optimize respective procedure, estimate radiation risk, improve radiation safety and verify compliance of local practice with guidelines. In line with Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM, patient medical documentation should include information related to radiation exposure. The aim of this work is to present the patient radiation dose assessment system designed for routine clinical use, that uses in-house designed worksheets for dose calculation based on relevant parameters introduced by the ICRP publications. Dose reports provide information about the absorbed dose delivered to the target and non-target organs of interest and the effective dose for each diagnostic procedure. The data from the dose reports was used to investigate average patient exposure levels during a one-year period and the results are presented. The implemented system has improved the quality of services provided and understanding of radiation risks. Moreover, the presented results have stimulated further optimization of nuclear medicine processes.

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