scholarly journals Usefulness of measuring radiographic density of axis vertebra in patients at risk of osteoporosis: A cone-beam computed tomography study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Mustafa Alkhader ◽  
Mohammad S. Alrashdan ◽  
Yousef Khader
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective: Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, the aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of measuring radiographic density of the axis vertebra (RDAV) in patients at risk of osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-seven old patients (109 males and 138 females) aged between 50 and 80 years (mean age: 59.68 ± 7.27) were examined by CBCT. Using InVivoDental, v. 5.0 (Anatomage Inc., San Jose, CA), RDAV and mental index (MI) were measured twice and correlated using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Patients were divided into two categories: high risk and low risk of osteoporosis using 3.1 mm of MI as a cutoff value, and the mean value of RDAV was compared and correlated using independent samples' t-test and regression analysis. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also used to examine the predictive power of RDAV. Results: The mean value of RDAV was moderately correlated with MI (r = 0.32), and in patients at low risk of osteoporosis, the mean value of RDAV was significantly higher than in patients at high risk of osteoporosis. In multivariate binary logistic regression, the odds of being at risk of osteoporosis decreased by 1% with one unit increase in RDAV (odds ratio = 0.988, 95% confidence interval: 0.983–0.993; P < 0.005). ROC analysis showed that the mean value of RDAV had a high predictive power for predicting patients at risk of osteoporosis (area under the curve = 0.761 for females and 0.649 for males). Conclusions: Measuring RDAV is considered useful in predicting patients at risk of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Usefulness of measuring bone density of mandibular condyle in patients at risk of osteoporosis: A cone beam computed tomography study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Alkhader ◽  
Ammar Aldawoodyeh ◽  
Nour Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective: Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, the aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of measuring bone density of mandibular condyle (BDMC) in patients at risk of osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and four mandibular condyles (46 condyles from males and 158 condyles from females) were examined by CBCT. Using inVivo software (Anatomage, San Jose, Calif), BDMC and mental index (MI) were measured by two observers and correlated using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Patients were divided into high risk and low risk of osteoporosis using 3.1 mm of MI as a cutoff value, and the mean value of BDMC was compared and correlated using independent samples t-test and regression analysis. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were also used to examine the predictive power of BDMC. Results: The mean value of BDMC was moderately correlated with MI (r = 0.38), and in female patients at low risk of osteoporosis, the mean value of BDMC was significantly higher than in patients at high risk of osteoporosis. In multivariate linear regression analysis, being at risk of osteoporosis is significantly affected by BDMC, age, and gender. ROC analysis showed that the mean value of BDMC had a moderate predictive power for predicting patients at risk of osteoporosis (area under the curve = 0.621 for females and 0.649 for males). Conclusions: Measuring BDMC is considered useful in predicting patients at risk of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Articular Eminence Inclination, Height, and Condyle Morphology on Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilhan İlgüy ◽  
Mehmet İlgüy ◽  
Erdoğan Fişekçioğlu ◽  
Semanur Dölekoğlu ◽  
Nilüfer Ersan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Articular Eminence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between articular eminence inclination, height, and thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa (RGF) according to age and gender and to assess condyle morphology including incidental findings of osseous characteristics associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods. CBCT images of 105 patients were evaluated retrospectively. For articular eminence inclination and height, axial views on which the condylar processes were seen with their widest mediolateral extent being used as a reference view for secondary reconstruction. Condyle morphology was categorized both in the sagittal and coronal plane.Results. The mean values of eminence inclination and height of males were higher than those of females (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the RGF thickness in relation to sagittal condyle morphology. Among the group of OA, the mean value of the RGF thickness for “OA-osteophyte” group was the highest (1.59 mm), whereas the lowest RGF values were seen in the “OA-flattening.”Conclusion. The sagittal osteoarthritic changes may have an effect on RGF thickness by mechanical stimulation and changed stress distribution. Gender has a significant effect on eminence height (Eh) and inclination.

scholarly journals Soft tissue changes after anterior maxillary osteotomy by using 3D CBCT scanning.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1245-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed AL-Omar ◽  
Usama AL-Dakroroy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Maxillary Osteotomy ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soft Tissue Changes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the soft tissue changes after anterior maxillary osteotomy using cone beam computed tomography. The study included twelve patients diagnosed as suffering from an excess of the anterior part of maxilla and required surgical correction by anterior maxillary osteotomy. Assessment of Cone beam computed tomography in evaluation the soft tissue changes. All cases subjected to anterior maxillary osteotomy using modified Cuper technique. Follow up of cases was does clinically and radio- graphically by cone beam computed tomography. The results of the study proved that the statistically significant increase in mean Nasolabial angle after 6 months was 5.2 degrees, the mean value of nasal width after 6 months was 0,9mm. The mean value of Philtrum length was 3.3mm. In conclusion, Cone Beam Computed Tomography can be used to obtain dimensionally accurate linear and angular measurement from bony maxillofacial structure and landmarks and allows accurate, three-dimensional imaging of hard and soft tissues.

scholarly journals Intraoperative cone beam computed tomography for detecting residual stones in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a feasibility study

Urolithiasis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kingma ◽  
M. J. H. Voskamp ◽  
B. H. J. Doornweerd ◽  
I. J. de Jong ◽  
S. Roemeling
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Residual Stones ◽  
Residual Fragments

AbstractCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides multiplanar cross-sectional imaging and three-dimensional reconstructions and can be used intraoperatively in a hybrid operating room. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using a CBCT-scanner for detecting residual stones during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Intraoperative CBCT-scans were made during PCNL procedures from November 2018 until March 2019 in a university hospital. At the point where the urologist would have otherwise ended the procedure, a CBCT-scan was made to image any residual fragments that could not be detected by either nephroscopy or conventional C-arm fluoroscopy. Residual fragments that were visualized on the CBCT-scan were attempted to be extracted additionally. To evaluate the effect of this additional extraction, each CBCT-scan was compared with a regular follow-up CT-scan that was made 4 weeks postoperatively. A total of 19 procedures were analyzed in this study. The mean duration of performing the CBCT-scan, including preparation and interpretation, was 8 min. Additional stone extraction, if applicable, had a mean duration of 11 min. The mean effective dose per CBCT-scan was 7.25 mSv. Additional extraction of residual fragments as imaged on the CBCT-scan occurred in nine procedures (47%). Of the follow-up CT-scans, 63% showed a stone-free status as compared to 47% of the intraoperative CBCT-scans. We conclude that the use of CBCT for the detection of residual stones in PCNL is meaningful, safe, and feasible.

scholarly journals Height difference between the vestibular and palatal walls and palatal width: a cone beam computed tomography approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. López-Jarana ◽  
C. M. Díaz-Castro ◽  
A. Falcão ◽  
C. Falcão ◽  
J. V. Ríos-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Height Difference ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Palatal Bone ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to measure two parameters involved in tri-dimensional implant planning: the position of the buccal and palatal bone wall and the palatal thickness. Methods Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images (Planmeca ProMax 3D) of 403 teeth (208 upper teeth and 195 lower teeth) were obtained from 49 patients referred to the Dental School of Seville from January to December 2014. The height difference between the palatal and buccal walls was measured on the most coronal point of both walls. The thickness of the palatal wall was measured 2 mm from the most coronal point of the palatal wall. Results The mean values in the maxilla were 1.7 ± 0.9 mm for central and lateral incisors, 2.2 ± 1.7 mm for canines, 1.6 ± 0.9 mm for premolars and 1.9 ± 1.5 mm for molars. In the lower jaw, the mean values were 1.3 ± 0.8 mm for incisors, 1.7 ± 1.2 mm for canines, 2.3 ± 1.3 mm for premolars, and 2.6 ± 1.7 mm for molars. In the upper jaw, more than 55% of maxillary teeth (excluding second premolars and molars) presented mean height differences greater than 1 mm. In the mandible, more than 60% of incisors showed a buccal bone thickness of 1 mm from the apical to lingual aspect. All teeth except the second premolar presented a buccal wall located more than 1 mm more apically than the lingual bone wall. Conclusions The buccal bone wall is located more apically (greater than 1 mm) than the palatal or lingual table in most of the cases assessed. The thickness of the palatal or lingual table is also less than 2 mm in the maxilla and mandible, except in the upper canines and premolars and the lower molars.

Ionizing radiation and its considerations in imaging diagnosis: comparison of absorbed dose between cone beam computed tomography and multi-detector computed tomography in the head and neck

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L.E. Oliveira ◽  
C.R. Starling ◽  
C.L.P. Maurício ◽  
F.R. Guedes ◽  
M.A. Visconti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Adult ◽  
Multi Detector Computed Tomography

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare the mean absorbed dose in patients undergoing head and neck examinations using two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT, Kodak and i-CAT) and one multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: Three thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), calibrated in air kerma, were positioned in 24 regions of the head and neck of a phantom simulating an average adult. The mean absorbed dose (mGy) values in these positions, for different organs and tissues, were obtained using correction factors, considering the ratio between the mass energy absorption coefficients of organ/tissue and air. Comparison between radiation doses in the most radiosensitive regions was done by calculating the ratio of these dose values, with propagated uncertainty. Results: The dose in all regions was significantly higher for MDCT when compared to CBCT. Concerning CBCT equipment, the Kodak device had a higher absorbed dose than the i-CAT for most of the regions tested. The uncertainty of the i-CAT was greater than that of the Kodak. Conclusion: Due to the considerable difference between absorbed doses, emphasizing the higher dose values obtained in MDCT, the dissemination of CBCT application in medicine is recommended, as well as further studies to broaden the criteria for use.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Hounsfield Unit Values Obtained From Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Images for Different Bone Densities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Khavid ◽  
Mojgan Sametzadeh ◽  
Mostafa Godiny ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Moarrefpour
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background and objective: In recent years, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become a key diagnostic tool in dentistry. CBCT can provide 3D images of the maxillofacial area to help dental practitioners in diagnosis and treatment, especially implant placement and treatment of pathogenic lesions. This study aimed to compare the Hounsfield Unit (HU) values obtained from CBCT images for bones of different densities with the corresponding HU values from MDCT images. Materials and methods: cube-shaped bone blocks of identical size were cut from the middle section of the cow ribs and femur area such that they had a layer of cortical bone in their buccal, lingual, and top surfaces and trabecular bone in the middle. MDCT scans were performed using a Somatom Sensation Ct Scanner. After determining HU from the results of these scans, nine suitable specimens from different ranges of HU were chosen for comparison. HU of the CBCT images was computed by the dedicated software of the CBCT machine. Finally, HU values obtained from MDCT and CBCT were compared. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 at the 0.05 significance level. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean HU from MDCT images and the mean HU from CBCT images (P<0.05). For similar specimens, CBCT produced higher mean HU values than MDCT. The Pearson correlation test detected a significant direct relationship between the HU values of specimens in MDCT and CBCT (P<0.05). Conclusion: For the tools and software used in this study, there was no significant difference between the HU values obtained from MDCT and CBCT, but the mean HU obtained from CBCT was higher than that from MDCT.

Identifying patients at risk of futile resuscitation: palliative care indicators in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

2019 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2019-001828
Author(s):  
Mia Cokljat ◽  
Adam Lloyd ◽  
Scott Clarke ◽  
Anna Crawford ◽  
Gareth Clegg
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

ObjectivesPatients with indicators for palliative care, such as those with advanced life-limiting conditions, are at risk of futile cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if they suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Patients at risk of futile CPR could benefit from anticipatory care planning (ACP); however, the proportion of OHCA patients with indicators for palliative care is unknown. This study quantifies the extent of palliative care indicators and risk of CPR futility in OHCA patients.MethodsA retrospective medical record review was performed on all OHCA patients presenting to an emergency department (ED) in Edinburgh, Scotland in 2015. The risk of CPR futility was stratified using the Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool. Patients with 0–2 indicators had a ‘low risk’ of futile CPR; 3–4 indicators had an ‘intermediate risk’; 5+ indicators had a ‘high risk’.ResultsOf the 283 OHCA patients, 12.4% (35) had a high risk of futile CPR, while 16.3% (46) had an intermediate risk and 71.4% (202) had a low risk. 84.0% (68) of intermediate-to-high risk patients were pronounced dead in the ED or ED step-down ward; only 2.5% (2) of these patients survived to discharge.ConclusionsUp to 30% of OHCA patients are being subjected to advanced resuscitation despite having at least three indicators for palliative care. More than 80% of patients with an intermediate-to-high risk of CPR futility are dying soon after conveyance to hospital, suggesting that ACP can benefit some OHCA patients. This study recommends optimising emergency treatment planning to help reduce inappropriate CPR attempts.

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