Acute vision loss due to central retinal arterial occlusion, partial optic nerve avulsion, and hemorrhage “spurting out” from optic disc after blunt trauma

Reconstruction of posttraumatic orbital defects carries the attendant risk of injury to the ocular adnexa, globe, and associated neurovascular structures. Blindness following repair of orbital fractures is an infrequent but well-documented phenomenon. Visual acuity loss can be related to direct intraoperative injury to the optic nerve, retinal arterial occlusion, or delayed presentation of acute optic nerve injury. In this report, we document a unique case of acute optic nerve infarction occurring 14 hours following orbital floor exploration and repair in a 56-year-old man.

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Automatic Diagnosis of Glaucoma using Image Processing Technique

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.b7329.129219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 3984-3987

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Early Stage ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Processing Technique ◽

Least Square ◽

Disc Height ◽

Image Processing Technique ◽

Human Eye

Glaucoma is a human eye condition which will affect the optic nerve present in the retina. This condition occurs due to the abnormal ocular pressure in human eye. If it is not diagnosed and treated well in advance, it may lead to blindness. This is the major problem of elderly people all over the world. The best way to avoid vision loss due to glaucoma is to detect the disease at the early stage and treat it as soon as possible. These are the keys to prevent blindness. As vision is an important organ in human body it is advisable to keep it healthy. The optic cup in the retina will be pulled in towards the optic nerve away from the optic disc. At one point, the cup will be detached from the retina, causing blindness. So if one can monitor by measuring the optic disc to cup ratio, the progression of glaucoma can be diagnosed earlier. The proposed method detects the optic disc and cup using thresholding method. Direct least square fitting algorithm is used here to fit the ellipse in order to calculate the cup height and disc height. Then the ratio is calculated. If the calculated ratio is above the threshold value, it is considered as glaucoma affected eye otherwise not. The CDR is calculated using the formula VDH/VCH (Vertical Disc Height to the Vertical Cup Height). Thus, the proposed method helps to automatically detect the glaucoma disease with better sensitivity and specificity.

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Glaucoma Detection from Color Fundus Images

International Journal of Computer and Communication Technology ◽

10.47893/ijcct.2012.1153 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 261-264

Author(s):

Madhusudan Mishra ◽

Malaya Kumar Nath ◽

Samarendra Dandapat

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Pathological Condition ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Contour Method ◽

Fundus Images ◽

Progressive Neurodegeneration ◽

Color Fundus Images ◽

Cup To Disc Ratio

Glaucoma is a pathological condition, progressive neurodegeneration of the optic nerve, which causes vision loss. The damage to the optic nerve occurs due to the increase in pressure within the eye. Glaucoma is evaluated by monitoring intra ocular pressure (IOP), visual field and the optic disc appearance (cup-to-disc ratio). Cup-to disc ratio (CDR) is normally a time invariant feature. Therefore, it is one of the most accepted indicator of this disease and the disease progression. In this paper, active contour method is used to find the CDR from the color fundus images to determine pathological process of glaucoma. The method is applied on 25 nos of color fundus images obtained from optic disc organization UK having normal and pathological images. The proposed technique able to categorize all the glaucoma disease images.

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Complete unilateral vision loss and optic nerve cupping from metastatic prostate cancer to the optic canal

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-236685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. e236685

Author(s):

Aaron T Chan ◽

Jonathan A Micieli

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Vision Loss ◽

The Body ◽

Optic Canal ◽

Neuroretinal Rim ◽

Bone Expansion ◽

Castrate Resistant ◽

Optic Disc Cupping

A 71-year-old man, living with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer to the lymph nodes, spine and skull, presented with acute on chronic left eye vision loss. Examination revealed no-light-perception vision, a relative afferent pupillary defect and optic disc cupping. MRI brain revealed optic canal narrowing from metastatic sphenoid bone expansion and extraosseous tumour compressing the intracanalicular optic nerve. The optic disc cupping and excavation without significant pallor of the remaining neuroretinal rim was likely secondary to chronic compression of the optic nerve. The patient was treated with radiation therapy, but did not regain vision and was referred to palliative care as his condition continued to worsen. As patients live longer with advanced cancer, there is a greater risk of metastasis to atypical areas of the body including the optic nerve. This case demonstrates the unique combination of optic disc cupping from optic canal metastasis due to prostate cancer.

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Szemfenéki arteria centralis retinae érelzáródás miatt kialakult hirtelen látásromlás spontán restitúciója cilioretinalis artéria jelenlétében

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2019.31434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 160 (29) ◽

pp. 1146-1152 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Orsolya Angeli ◽

Zoltán Zsolt Nagy ◽

Miklós Schneider

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Arterial Occlusion ◽

Arterial System ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Acute Therapy ◽

Anatomical Variant ◽

Cilioretinal Artery ◽

Retinal Arterial Occlusion

Abstract: Retinal arterial occlusion causes acute, painless vision loss, and it requires immediate emergency care. There are two separate arterial systems (retinal and ciliary) in the retina, and in most cases only the central retinal artery and its branches supply blood to the inner retinal layers. Cilioretinal artery is an anatomical variant, which can also supply blood to the macula from the ciliary arterial system, and in the case of a retinal arterial occlusion, the cilioretinal artery could save central vision. We report a case of a 67-year-old woman who suffered a central retinal arterial occlusion while having a patent cilioretinal artery and she had a complete recovery of her central visual acuity. A series of fundus photography and optical coherence tomography images are presented that were taken during follow-up. The patient’s complaints started one week before she presented in our department therefore acute therapy was not given. However, during the course of the follow-up her status gradually improved, and she finally regained 1,0 (20/20) visual acuity. In the presence of a cilioretinal artery following a central retinal arterial occlusion, there is a chance of visual acuity preservation. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(29): 1146–1152.

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Multiple Retinal Arterial Occlusion and Retinal Vasculitis Associated With IgA Nephropathy

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society ◽

10.3341/jkos.2009.50.12.1887 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 50 (12) ◽

pp. 1887

Author(s):

Seong Jae Kim ◽

In Young Chung ◽

Jong Moon Park

Keyword(s):

Iga Nephropathy ◽

Retinal Vasculitis ◽

Arterial Occlusion ◽

Retinal Arterial Occlusion

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Management of Optic Neuritis in Ayurveda - A Special Case Report

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v3i5.13847 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Harsha S. ◽

Dr. Mamatha KV.

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Visual Information ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Interesting Case ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Further Development ◽

Special Case

The optic nerve carries visual information from your eye to your brain. Optic neuritis is when your optic nerve becomes inflamed. Optic neuritis can flare up suddenly from an infection or nerve disease. The inflammation usually causes temporary vision loss that typically happens in only one eye. Those with Optic neuritis sometimes experience pain. As you recover and the inflammation goes away, your vision will likely return. There are no direct references in our classics regarding optic neuritis but can be contemplated as a condition by name Parimlayi Timira. The specific management as such is not cited but a transcendence approach can be done with adopting the treatment which has the ability to pacify the already occurred pathology and prevent the further development of the disease. One such interesting case study on Optic neuritis is elaborated here where in specific treatment modalities (Shodana, Shamana and Kriyakalpas) played role in pacifying the condition.

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The association of stroke with central and branch retinal arterial occlusion

Eye ◽

10.1038/s41433-021-01546-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Drew Scoles ◽

Brendan McGeehan ◽

Brian L. VanderBeek

Keyword(s):

Arterial Occlusion ◽

Retinal Arterial Occlusion

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Two-Stage Mask-RCNN Approach for Detecting and Segmenting the Optic Nerve Head, Optic Disc, and Optic Cup in Fundus Images

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10113833 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3833 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Haidar Almubarak ◽

Yakoub Bazi ◽

Naif Alajlan

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Optic Nerve Head ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Fundus Images ◽

Two Stage ◽

Second Stage ◽

Retinal Fundus Images ◽

Tuning Strategy ◽

Retinal Fundus

In this paper, we propose a method for localizing the optic nerve head and segmenting the optic disc/cup in retinal fundus images. The approach is based on a simple two-stage Mask-RCNN compared to sophisticated methods that represent the state-of-the-art in the literature. In the first stage, we detect and crop around the optic nerve head then feed the cropped image as input for the second stage. The second stage network is trained using a weighted loss to produce the final segmentation. To further improve the detection in the first stage, we propose a new fine-tuning strategy by combining the cropping output of the first stage with the original training image to train a new detection network using different scales for the region proposal network anchors. We evaluate the method on Retinal Fundus Images for Glaucoma Analysis (REFUGE), Magrabi, and MESSIDOR datasets. We used the REFUGE training subset to train the models in the proposed method. Our method achieved 0.0430 mean absolute error in the vertical cup-to-disc ratio (MAE vCDR) on the REFUGE test set compared to 0.0414 obtained using complex and multiple ensemble networks methods. The models trained with the proposed method transfer well to datasets outside REFUGE, achieving a MAE vCDR of 0.0785 and 0.077 on MESSIDOR and Magrabi datasets, respectively, without being retrained. In terms of detection accuracy, the proposed new fine-tuning strategy improved the detection rate from 96.7% to 98.04% on MESSIDOR and from 93.6% to 100% on Magrabi datasets compared to the reported detection rates in the literature.

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