Objectives: To identify ultrasound (US) features associated with the presence of shoulder complaints.Methods: This observational, case-control study, compared US findings between participants with and without shoulder complaints, matched for age, sex, and dominancy. Data was collected from February 2018 to June 2020. Two-tailed Fisher's and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used, with p-values < 0.05 considered significant.Results: A total of 202 participants were enrolled (median age 56 years, range 18–70, 155 women), comprising 140 cases and 62 controls. A calcification size ≥6 mm, when age < 56 (p = 0.02), and a distance to tendon insertion ≥6 mm, when age ≥56 (p = 0.009), were only found in symptomatic shoulders. Color Doppler in rotator cuff (RC) tendons predominated in the presence of symptoms (26/140 vs. 2/62, p = 0.003). An algorithm also combining the number of calcifications, tendon echotexture and insertional thickening, osseous irregularity, cuff tears, and subacromial effusion showed a 92% (57/62) specificity for shoulder pain on this study sample.Conclusion: Calcification diameter of 6 mm or more is associated with shoulder pain in patients younger than 56 years. A distance from calcification to tendon insertion of 6 mm or more is related to pain in older patients. Doppler signal also is associated with shoulder pain. An algorithm based on a set of specific ultrasonographic criteria have a strong association with the presence of symptoms.
Standing and walking balance in patients with chronic shoulder pain: A case–control study