scholarly journals Potential for reuse of effluent from fish-processing industries

Author(s):  
Luana Morena Rodrigues Vitor Dias Ferraciolli ◽  
Danielle De Bem Luiz ◽  
Liliana Pena Naval

The most common problems in the fish processing industry relate to high water consumption and the generation of effluents with concentrated organic loads. Given that reuse can represent an alternative for sustainable development, this study sought to assess the potential for recycling effluents produced in a fish-processing plant. In order to do so, the final industrial effluent was analyzed using the American Public Health Association (APHA) standard effluent-analysis method (2005). In addition, the study assessed treatments which produce effluents meeting the requirements prescribed by different countries' regulations for reuse and recycling. The results found that effluents with smaller organic loads, such as those from health barriers and monoblock washing, can be treated in order to remove nutrients and solids so that they can be subsequently reused. For effluents produced by the washing and gutting cylinders, it is recommended that large fragments of solid waste be removed beforehand. Effluents can in this way attain a quality compatible with industrial reuse. This study further highlights the possibility of treating effluents so as comply with drinking water standards. This would potentially allow them to be used within the actual fish-processing procedure; in such a case, a revision of standards and measures for controlling use should be considered to prevent microbiological damage to products and risks to handlers and final consumers.

Author(s):  
Eddy Mantjoro

Abstract Goals to be achieved through this research are as follows: (1) the scientific explanation about the initial conditions of fishing effort in the area of ​​research in this area is South Minahasa; (2) To obtain information on the historical development of the fish processing industry in North Sulawesi and Minahasa south in particular; (3) To be informed of the obstacles and challenges faced by the fisheries sector investors, especially fish processing timber. This research focuses on one unit of the fish processing industry wooden fish processing plant, and then in the case study method is relevant. The case study method is expected that researchers can examine more detailed and focused on problems experienced by fish processing company. As a consequence the results can not be generalized as like which would otherwise require science. Unless some case studies on the same topic on other companies and the result is the same, the efforts generalizations can be made. However the results of the case study can paint a picture on the history, constraints and barriers to investment that occur in similar industries and other industries. The initial condition of fisheries business investment in South Minahasa in 1995 was still dominated by small-scale businesses, which is limited to household livelihoods of fishermen. How governance is still very traditional in terms of business objectives just to meet daily food needs. Wooden fish processing technology already existed and developed since the year 700 BC in Japan. In Indonesia, especially in North Sulawesi started introduced in 1927 by a Japanese man named Hara Ko. The new investment started in 1971 until now. Investment in fish processing faces many obstacles and challenges, namely (1) the limited market share, (2) Legal certainty is not guaranteed, (3) Investors from outside the region and abroad to invest by holding on minimal information about the culture and traditions of local communities (4 ) morale of local residents very traditional if not arguably worse. (5) The investment policy is supported by the local government level only at the Regent while Assiten level, down to the village more displays of terror and intimidation to investors. Keywords: fish factory, investment, history, constraints, obstacles Abstrak Tujuan yang ingin dicapai melalui penelitian ini ialah sebagai berikut: (1) Penjelasan ilmiah tentang kondisi awal usaha perikanan di wilayah penelitian dalam hal ini Daerah Minahasa Selatan. (2) Memperoleh informasi tentang sejarah perkembangan industri pengolahan ikan di Sulawesi Utara dan Minahasa selatan khususnya. (3) Mendapatkan informasi mengenai kendala dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh investor bidang perikanan khususnya pengolahan ikan kayu. Penelitian ini berfokus pada satu unit industri pengolahan ikan yakni pabrik pengolahan ikan kayu, maka metode studi kasus di pandang relevan. Metode studi kasus diharapkan peneliti dapat mengkaji lebih rinci dan fokus pada masalah yang dialami oleh perusahan pengolahan ikan. Sebagai konsekwensinya hasil penelitian tidak dapat digeneralisir sebagai layaknya yang di syaratkan oleh ilmu pengetahuan. Kecuali beberapa studi kasus dengan topik yang sama pada perusahan lain dan hasilnya sama maka upaya generalisasi dapat dilakukan. Walau demikian hasil studi kasus dapat melukiskan gambaran mengenai sejarah, kendala dan hambatan investasi yang terjadi pada industri sejenis dan industri lainnya. Kondisi awal usaha perikanan di wilayah Minahasa selatan pada tahun 1995 ketika investasi pabrik pengolahan ikan kayu di mulai masih didominasi oleh usaha skala kecil, yaitu sebatas mata pencaharian rumah tangga nelayan. Cara kelola pun masih sangat tradisional dalam pengertian tujuan usaha hanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan makanan harian. Teknologi pengolahan ikan kayu sudah ada dan berkembang sejak tahun 700 sebelum masehi di Jepang. Di Indonesia khususnya di Sulawesi Utara mulai di perkenalkan pada tahun 1927 oleh orang Jepang bernama Hara Ko. Investasi baru dimulai pada tahun 1971 hingga sekarang. Investasi bidang pengolahan ikan menghadapi banyak kendala dan tantangan, yaitu (1) keterbatasan pangsa pasar, (2) Kepastian hukum tidak terjamin, (3) Investor dari luar daerah dan luar negeri berinvestasi dengan berpegang pada informasi minim mengenai budaya dan tradisi masyarakat lokal (4) moral kerja penduduk lokal amat tradisional jika tidak boleh dikatakan buruk.(5) Kebijakan investasi ditunjang oleh pemerintah daerah hanya pada level Bupati sedangkan level assiten, ke bawah sampai kelurahan lebih banyak menampilkan teror dan intimidasi kepada investor. Kata Kunci : pabrik ikan, investasi, sejarah, kendala, hambatan


2018 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg ◽  
Katarzyna Grudlewska ◽  
Agnieszka Świeca ◽  
Zbigniew Paluszak ◽  
...  

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADAM D. HOFFMAN ◽  
KENNETH L. GALL ◽  
DAWN M. NORTON ◽  
MARTIN WIEDMANN

Reliable data on the sources of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in cold-smoked fish processing are crucial in designing effective intervention strategies. Environmental samples (n = 512) and raw fish samples (n = 315) from two smoked fish processing facilities were screened for L. monocytogenes, and all isolates were subtyped by automated ribotyping to examine the relationship between L. monocytogenes contamination from raw materials and that from environmental sites. Samples were collected over two 8-week periods in early spring and summer. The five types of raw fish tested included lake whitefish, sablefish, farm-raised Norwegian salmon, farm-raised Chilean salmon, and feral (wild-caught) salmon from the U.S. West Coast. One hundred fifteen environmental samples and 46 raw fish samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes. Prevalence values for environmental samples varied significantly (P < 0.0001) between the two plants; plant A had a prevalence value of 43.8% (112 of 256 samples), and plant B had a value of 1.2% (3 of 256 samples). For plant A, 62.5% of drain samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes, compared with 32.3% of samples collected from other environmental sites and 3.1% of samples collected from food contact surfaces. Ribotyping identified 11 subtypes present in the plant environments. Multiple subtypes, including four subtypes not found on any raw fish, were found to persist in plant A throughout the study. Contamination prevalence values for raw fish varied from 3.6% (sablefish) to 29.5% (U.S. West Coast salmon), with an average overall prevalence of 14.6%. Sixteen separate L. monocytogenes subtypes were present on raw fish, including nine that were not found in the plant environment. Our results indicate a disparity between the subtypes found on raw fish and those found in the processing environment. We thus conclude that environmental contamination is largely separate from that of incoming raw materials and includes strains persisting, possibly for years, within the plant. Operational and sanitation procedures appear to have a significant impact on environmental contamination, with both plants having similar prevalence values for raw materials but disparate contamination prevalence values for the environmental sites. We also conclude that regular L. monocytogenes testing of drains, combined with molecular subtyping of the isolates obtained, allows for efficient monitoring of persistent L. monocytogenes contamination in a processing plant.


1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon N. Lindberg

I view international political integration as a distinctive aspect of the more inclusive process (international integration, generally) whereby larger groupings emerge or are created among nations without the use of violence. Such groupings can be said to exist at a variety of different analytical levels. At each level we can conceive of a number of nations linked to each other in certain salient ways. For example, their populations may be linked byfeelingsof mutual amity, confidence, and identification. Or their leaders may hold more or less reliableexpectations, which may or may not be shared by the populations, that common problems will be resolved without recourse to large-scale violence. Or a grouping might be defined as an area which is characterized by intense concentrations of economicexchangeor the freecirculationof productive factors (labor, capital, services). In describing these phenomena we speak of social community, security community, and of economic union. Political integration can be said to occur when the linkage consists of joint participation in regularized, ongoing decisionmaking. The perspective taken here is that international political integration involves a group of nations coming to regularly make and implement binding public decisions by means of collective institutions and/or processes rather than by formally autonomous national means. Political integration implies that a number of governments begin to create and to use common resources to be committed in the pursuit of certain common objectives and that they do so by foregoing some of the factual attributes of sovereignty and decisionmaking autonomy, in contrast to more classical modes of cooperation such as alliances or international organizations.


2003 ◽  
Vol 206 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmara Mędrala ◽  
Waldemar Dąbrowski ◽  
Urszula Czekajło-Kołodziej ◽  
Elżbieta Daczkowska-Kozon ◽  
Anna Koronkiewicz ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Julian Rahmadi ◽  
M. Mustopa Romdhon ◽  
Reswita Reswita

One of the fish processing units in Bengkulu City is UD.XY, which is located in Sumber Jaya Urban Village, Kampung Melayu Sub-district, Bengkulu City. The seafood processing product is groundfish made of fresh mackerel. Analysis of production risk is an important aspect of ensuring the survival of a business. The production risk was 15% in one production, so the selling price lowered and reprocessing was impossible. The risk comes from the material, production process, and final product. The present study was aimed to analyze the production risk of groundfish. The analysis method was FMEA. The research result showed that the highest risk was poor fish supply, poor groundfish products, and competing groundfish products.


F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Maryam Jamshidi ◽  
Cavus Falamaki

This work presents an image processing procedure for characterization of porosity and heterogeneity of hydrogels network mainly based on the analysis of cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) images and can be extended to any other type of microscopy images of hydrogel porous network. An algorithm consisting of different filtering, morphological transformation, and thresholding steps to denoise the image whilst emphasizing the edges of the hydrogel walls for extracting either the pores or hydrogel walls features is explained. Finally, the information of hydrogel porosity and heterogeneity is presented in form of pore size distribution, spatial contours maps and kernel density dot plots. The obtained results reveal that a non-parametric kernel density plot effectively determines the spatial heterogeneity and porosity of the hydrogel.


F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Maryam Jamshidi ◽  
Cavus Falamaki

This work presents an image processing procedure for characterization of porosity and heterogeneity of fully hydrated hydrogels based on the analysis of cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) images. An algorithm consisting of different filtering, morphological transformation, and thresholding steps to denoise the image whilst emphasizing the hydrogel fibres edges for extracting the pores features is explained. Finally, the information of hydrogel porosity and heterogeneity is presented in form of pore size distribution, spatial contours maps and kernel density dot plots. The obtained results reveal that a non-parametric kernel density plot effectively determines the spatial heterogeneity and porosity of the hydrogel.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Houliston ◽  
Stanislav Hristov Ivanov ◽  
Craig Webster

This paper investigates the official tourism websites for the Balkan countries of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, and Turkey to learn about their depiction of the nations for international tourism markets. The research combines Pauwels’ (2012) multimodal discourse analysis method designed for cultural websites with Smith’s (1998) six main institutional dimensions to seek out potential nationalistic patterns involving the state, territory, language, religion, history, and rites and ceremonies. The findings mostly involve verbal and visual signifiers that have a historical context to the nations such as antiquity, communism, Yugoslavia, religion, irredentism, the Ottoman Empire, and national identity. The findings illustrate that official tourism websites while being sensitive not to alienate international tourists, portray a sense of nationalism but do so in a different way, based upon the historical experiences and unique features of each country surveyed.


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