scholarly journals Toxicity of pesticides with fungicide and fungicide + insecticide effects to Eisenia andrei

Author(s):  
Isabela Aparecida Giordani ◽  
Eduarda Busatta ◽  
Luís Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Dilmar Baretta ◽  
Camila Kissmann ◽  
...  

  Pesticides are widely used in the agricultural sector to control and prevent pests and diseases. The use of these products can adversely affect non-target organisms that have a significant role in the soil, such as earthworms. This study evaluated the toxicity of the commercial formulation of the fungicide Comet® (active ingredient – a.i. pyraclostrobin) at concentrations of 0.08, 0.17, 0.35, 0.70, 1.40 and 2.80 mg of the commercial formulation kg-1 soil and the fungicide + insecticide Standak®Top (a.i. pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl + fipronil) at concentrations of 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.60, 1.20 and 2.40 mg of the commercial formulation kg-1 soil, plus the control treatment, to Eisenia andrei in Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS) by means of standardized tests.

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Yourman ◽  
S. N. Jeffers

In 1996 and 1997, 325 isolates of Botrytis cinerea were collected from 35 commercial greenhouses growing ornamental crops in South Carolina to determine the incidence of resistance to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides. Conidium germination was assessed on a defined agar medium amended with either thiophanate-methyl (a benzimidazole) or vinclozolin (a di-carboximide). A total of 53 representative isolates were evaluated further for conidium germination and mycelium growth on fungicide-amended medium and for infection of geranium seedlings treated with thiophanate-methyl or vinclozolin at label rates. Isolates were considered sensitive to thiophanate-methyl or vinclozolin when the effective concentration of the fungicide active ingredient resulting in 50% inhibition of germination (EC50-germ) was ≤5 μg/ml or when the effective concentration of fungicide active ingredient resulting in 50% inhibition of mycelium growth (EC50-growth) was ≤1 μg/ml. Of all isolates, 81% (262/325) were resistant to thiophanate-methyl and 69% (223/325) were resistant to vinclozolin. Four phenotypes were observed: sensitive to both fungicides (17%), resistant to both fungicides (67%), resistant only to thiophanate-methyl (14%), and resistant only to vinclozolin (2%). Isolates resistant to at least one fungicide were found in 33 of the 35 locations from which samples were taken. Disease incidences on geranium seedlings treated with 600 μg/ml of thiophanate-methyl and then inoculated with isolates sensitive and resistant to this fungicide were 1.4 and 96.1%, respectively. Disease incidences on geranium seedlings treated with 600 μg/ml of vinclozolin and then inoculated with isolates sensitive and resistant to this fungicide were 0.3 and 91.9%, respectively. With thiophanate-methyl, correlation coefficients (r) between disease incidence and log EC50-germ or log EC50-growth were 0.987 and 0.992, respectively. With vinclozolin, correlation coefficients between disease incidence and log EC50-germ and log EC50-growth were 0.975 and 0.893, respectively. Correlation coefficients between the two EC50 values for thiophanate-methyl were 0.989 and for vinclozolin were 0.900. Isolates sensitive to thiophanate-methyl had a mean EC50-germ value of 0.93 μg/ml and a EC50-growth value of 0.11 μg/ml. For isolates sensitive to vinclozolin the mean EC50-germ value was 1.63 μg/ml and the mean EC50-growth value was 0.26 μg/ml. Thiophanate-methyl-resistant isolates had mean EC50-germ and EC50-growth values greater than 500 μg/ml while vinclozolin-resistant isolates had a mean EC50-germ value greater than 500 μg/ml and a mean EC50-growth value of 3.18 μg/ml.


2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Hérnan Da Cuña ◽  
Fabiana Laura Lo Nostro ◽  
Valeria Shimabukuro ◽  
Paola Mariana Ondarza ◽  
Karina Silvia Beatriz Miglioranza

Author(s):  
Yago Barros Triboni ◽  
Luciano Del Bem Junior ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Raetano ◽  
Matheus Mereb Negrisoli

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm is one of the main insect pests in Brazil. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the seed treatment effect on the control of Spodoptera frugiperda in initial infestations of soybean crops. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates of six insecticide treatments applied through seed treatment: imidacloprid plus thiodicarb at the dose of 52.5 plus 105 g a.i. (active ingredient) 100 kg-1 of seed (Cropstar® 0.350 L 100 kg-1 of seed); thiamethoxam at 105 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Cruiser 350 FS® 0.3 L 100 kg-1 of seed); chlorantraniliprole at 62.5 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Dermacor® 0.1 L 100 kg-1 of seed); cyantraniliprole at 120 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Fortenza 600 FS® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed); fipronil plus pyraclostrobin and thiophanate-methyl 50 + 5 + 45 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Standak Top® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed), and a control treatment. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Diamide insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole) presented the best results among all treatments, with lower consumption of the treated leaves by the caterpillars and greater control efficacy of this insect. We verified that seed treatment is a viable alternative for controlling S. frugiperda at the beginning of crop development, when the caterpillar presents the behavior of cutting the seedlings and/or the consumption of leaf area, causing a reduction in the plant population and a consequent yield loss.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  

Geranium (Pelargonium) is one of most widespread and popular flowers in Europe due to their ornamental value. It is mostly propagated by cuttings, but propagation from seeds is also gaining increasing interest. The advantage of cuttings is that one can produce a relatively large numbers of identical plants, relatively quickly. Its disadvantage, however, is that one can very easily transfer diseases from the mother plant. In our experiments, the main purpose was to assess the rooting effect of some bactericides and fungicides used during cuttings. Cuttings exposed to rooting hormone were also treated with five different pesticides: tribasic copper sulfate, kasugamycin, thiophanate-methyl + propamocarb, fluopyram, and cyprodinil + fludioxonil. In parallel, a control treatment was set up, where exclusively rooting hormone was applied (NAA). We tested 40 cuttings in a 10 x 4 repetition in each treatment, which equivalates to an overall number of 280 cuttings. Upon comparing the treated and control geranium cuttings, we did not find any significant negative effect in the rooting process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Aksal Mursalat ◽  
Muhammad Rais Rahmat Razak

The development of information technology is currently developing very rapidly, especially in terms of mastery of e-commerce information system technology applications. The increasingly rapid development of e-commerce information system technology can be utilized by the community in various fields of life, especially for BUMDES productivity activities in marketing their products. Timoreng Panua Village is one of the villages that has developed BUMDES and has been doing business in the agricultural sector, such as selling fertilizers, seeds, and medicines to combat pests and diseases. However, currently, sales are still carried out manually so that product marketing is still local or limited to residents around the village environment. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the productivity of the Timoreng Panua BUMDES, especially in terms of marketing its products widely by utilizing e-commerce information system technology through the Agribusiness Store application. The method of implementation carried out is participatory in that in this service the community is proactively involved directly in carrying out activities by involving various stakeholders who are not only from the BUMDES team and group but involve other academics from the Muhammadiyah University of Sidenreng Rappang such as students who are carrying out KKN in the Village. Timoreng Panua in solving priority problems in the partner group totaling 30 participants from BUMDES, village communities, and students. This synergy is carried out to achieve the goals and objectives of the program to be implemented. This service has carried out several activities including counseling on the Agribusiness Store application marketing model, counseling on the explanation of the benefits of the Agribusiness Store application, and the use of the Agribusiness Store application. Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini berkembang sangat pesat, terutama dalam hal penguasaan aplikasi teknologi sistem informasi e-commerce. Perkembangan teknologi sistem informasi ecommerce yang semakin pesat tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan khususnya bagi kegiatan produktivitas BUMDES dalam memasarkan hasil produknya. Desa Timoreng Panua merupakan salah satu desa yang mengembangkan BUMDES dan sudah melakukan bisnis di bidang pertanian seperti penjualan pupuk, bibit dan obat-obatan pembasmi hama dan penyakit. Namun, saat ini penjualan yang dilakukan masih secara manual sehingga pemasaran produk masih bersifat lokal atau terbatas pada warga disekitar lingkungan desa saja. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini untuk meningkatkan produktivitas BUMDES Timoreng Panua khususnya dalam hal memasarkan hasil produk secara luas dengan memanfaatkan teknologi sistem informasi e-commerce melalui aplikasi Agribisnis Store. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan bersifat parsipatori dimana dalam pengabdian ini masyarakat secara proaktif terlibat langsung dalam melaksanakan kegiatan dengan melibatkan berbagai stakeholder yang bukan hanya dari pihak tim dan kelompok BUMDES, tetapi melibatkan pihak akademisi lainnya dari Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang seperti mahasiswa yang sedang melaksanakan KKN di Desa Timoreng Panua dalam menyelesaikan prioritas permasalahan pada kelompok mitra berjumlah 30 peserta dari BUMDES, masyarakat desa dan mahasiswa. Sinergi ini dilakukan agar tercapai tujuan dan sasaran pada program yang akan dilaksanakan. Pengabdian ini telah melaksanakan beberapa kegiatan antara lain penyuluhan model pemasaran aplikasi Agribisnis Store, penyuluhan pemaparan manfaat aplikasi Agribisnis Store dan penggunaan aplikasi Agribisnis Store.


Author(s):  
Henrietta Nagy ◽  
József Káposzta ◽  
György Iván Neszmélyi ◽  
Omokheka Gregory Obozuwa

The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the trade agreements existing in Nigeria to find out their contribution to the development of the economy. There are several such agreements, however, the authors investigate how much they really operate and serve the wellbeing of people as well as food security and safety. There have been various initiatives in the countries of Africa to develop the agricultural sector, which has employed millions of people and has had a significant role in keeping the population in the rural areas. However, the authors claim that less progress has been achieved than expected. In this chapter, the authors intend to analyze the situation in Africa, with a special focus on Nigeria, to summarize the achievements, and to list up some recommendations on future measures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-167
Author(s):  
Ken Pallett

In his welcome and introduction, Graham Jellis, the AFCP Chairman, firstly explained that the Forum was a hybrid event, with around 25 participants in person at the University of Hertfordshire and up to 100 joining online from the UK and abroad. He expressed his gratitude to the University of Hertfordshire for hosting the Forum. Graham explained that the purpose of AFCP is to allow the various agricultural sector charities in the UK to communicate and work together, wherever possible, to benefit UK agriculture and beyond. Further details on the AFCP and its member charities can be found on: https://www.afcp.org.uk. AFCP member charities have funded much of the research on oilseed rape pests and diseases being presented at this Forum.


Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 839-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Chevillot ◽  
Yannice Convert ◽  
Mélanie Desrosiers ◽  
Nicole Cadoret ◽  
Éloïse Veilleux ◽  
...  

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