scholarly journals A Simple and Selective Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Trace Gold in Real, Environmental, Biological, Geological and Soil Samples Using Bis (Salicylaldehyde) Orthophenylenediamine

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. ACI.S977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Soomro ◽  
M. Jamaluddin Ahmed ◽  
Najma Memon ◽  
Humaira Khan
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Micellar Solutions ◽  
Micellar Media ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Aqueous Micellar Solutions

A simple high sensitive, selective, and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace gold based on the rapid reaction of gold(III) with bis(salicylaldehyde)orthophenylenediamine (BSOPD) in aqueous and micellar media has been developed. BSOPD reacts with gold(III) in slightly acidic solution to form a 1:1 brownish-yellow complex, which has an maximum absorption peak at 490 nm in both aqueous and micellar media. The most remarkable point of this method is that the molar absorptivities of the gold-BSOPD complex form in the presence of the nonionic TritonX-100 surfactant are almost a 10 times higher than the value observed in the aqueous solution, resulting in an increase in the sensitivity and selectivity of the method. The apparent molar absorptivities were found to be 2.3 x 10 4 L mol-1 cm-1 and 2.5 x 10 5 L mol-1 cm-1 in aqueous and micellar media, respectively. The reaction is instantaneous and the maximum absorbance was obtained after 10 min at 490 nm and remains constant for over 24 h at room temperature. The linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.1 -30 mg L-1 and 0.01 -30 mg L-1 of gold(III) in aqueous and surfactant media, respectively. The interference from over 50 cations, anions and complexing agents has been studied at 1 mg L-1 of Au(III); most metal ions can be tolerated in considerable amounts in aqueous micellar solutions. The Sandell's sensitivity, the limit of detection and relative standard deviation (n = 9) were found to be 5 ng cm-2, 1 ng mL-1 and 2%, respectively in aqueous micellar solutions. Its sensitivity and selectivity are remarkably higher than that of other reagents in the literature. The proposed method was successfully used in the determination of gold in several standard reference materials (alloys and steels), environmental water samples (potable and polluted), and biological samples (blood and urine), geological, soil and complex synthetic mixtures. The results obtained agree well with those samples analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).

Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Ruthenium by its Catalytic Effect on the Reduction of Spadns with Sodium Hypophosphite in Micellar Media

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4067-4070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Rong Zhou ◽  
Li Zhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Micellar Media ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric

A simple kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of Ru (III). The method is based on the reduction of spadns by sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) in micellar media. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of spadns at 515 nm with a fixed-time method. The decrease in the absorbance of spadns is proportional to the concentration of Ru (III) in the range 0.40–10.0 μg/L with a fixed time of 2.5–7.0 min from the initiation of the reaction. The limit of detection is 0.12 μg/L Ru (III). The relative standard deviation for the determination of 0.10 and 0.20 μg/25mL Ru (III) was 2.3 % and 2.0 %, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of Ru (III) in some ores and metallurgy products.

A Simple and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Trace Ruthenium with its Catalytic Effect on the Oxidation of Rhodamine 6G by KBrO3 in Micellar Media

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 2397-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Rong Zhou ◽  
Li Zhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Rhodamine 6G ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Micellar Media ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

A simple catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace Ru (III) in the range of 0.033–1.00 μg/L. The method is based on the catalytic effect of Ru (III) on the oxidation of rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) by bromate in micellar media. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of Rh 6G at 520 nm with a fixed-time method. The limit of detection is 0.010 μg/L Ru (III). The relative standard deviation for the determination of 0.010 and 0.020 μg/25mL Ru (III) was 2.9 % and 2.5 %, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of Ru (III) in some ores and metallurgy products.

scholarly journals A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace level lead in biological samples in the presence of aqueous micellar solutions

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Khan ◽  
M. Jamaluddin Ahmed ◽  
M. Iqbal Bhanger
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Micellar Solutions ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
Human Blood And Urine ◽  
Aqueous Micellar Solutions

A very simple, ultra-sensitive and fairly selective new spectrophotometric method has been developed for the rapid determination of lead(II) at ultra-trace level using 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone) in presence of aqueous micellar solutions. The proposed method enabled the determination of lead down to µg l−1in human blood and urine in aqueous media without resource of any “clean-up” step. The most remarkable point of this method is that the presence of micellar system avoids the previous steps of solvent extraction and reduces the cost, toxicity while enhancing the sensitivity, selectivity and the molar absorptivity. The complex formation of lead in blood with dithizone was completed within a minute at room temperature and the absorbance remains stable for 24 h. The average molar absorption coefficient and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 3.99×105l mol−1 cm−1and 30 ng cm−2of Pb, respectively. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.06–60 mg l−1of PbII; the stoichiometric composition of the chelate is 1:2 (Pb:dithizone). The interference from over 60 cations, anions and complexing agents has been studied at 1 mg l−1of PbII. The method was successfully used in the determination of lead in several biological samples (human blood and urine and bovine liver), solution containing both lead(II) and lead(IV) and complex synthetic mixtures. The results of biological analyses by the spectrophotometric method were in excellent agreement with those obtained by AAS. The results of lead concentration in biological samples were varied with age, sex and place which have been discussed.

scholarly journals The Development of a New Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Vanadium(V) Based on its Catalytic Effect on the Oxidation of Malachite Green Oxalate by Bromate in Acidic and Micellar Medium

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1612-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Keyvanfard ◽  
N. Abedi
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Micellar Medium ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric ◽  
Malachite Green Oxalate

A new, simple, sensitive and selective kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of ultra trace amounts of vanadium(V). The method is based on the catalytic effect of vanadium(V) on the oxidation of malachite green oxalate (MG) by bromate in acidic and micellar medium. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of malachite green oxalate (MG) at 625 nm with a fixed-time method. The decrease in the absorbance of MG is proportional to the concentration of vanadium(V) in the range of 1-100 ng/mL with a fixed time of 0.5-2 min from the initiation of the reaction. The limit of detection is 0.71 ng/mL of vanadium(V). The relative standard deviation for the determination of 5, 30, 50 ng/mL of vanadium(V) was2.5% 2.6%, 2.4% and respectively. The method was applied to the determination of vanadium(V) in water samples.

scholarly journals Determination of Sodium Cromoglycate by a New Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method in Biological Samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohsen Keyvanfard ◽  
Khadijeh Alizad ◽  
Razieh Shakeri
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sodium Cromoglycate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Micellar Medium ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric

A new kinetic spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of ultratrace amounts of sodium cromoglycate (SCG). The method based on catalytic action of SCG on the oxidation of amaranth with periodate in acidic and micellar medium. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of the amaranth at 518 nm, for the first 4 min from initiation of the reaction. Calibration curve was linear in the range of 4.0−36.0 ng mL−1SCG. The limit of detection is 2.7 ng mL−1SCG. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for ten replicate analyses of 12, 20, and 28 ng mL−1SCG was 0.40%, 0.32%, and 0.53%, respectively. The proposed method was used for the determination of SCG in biological samples.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FEBUXOSTAT FOR CONDUCTING IN-VITRO QUALITY CONTROL TESTS IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Kaur ◽  
Daljit Kaur ◽  
Sukhmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Development And Validation

Objective: A simple, accurate, and selective ultraviolet-spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of febuxostat in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.Method: The method was developed and validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q2 R1) guidelines. The developed method was validated statistically with respect to linearity, range, precision, accuracy, ruggedness, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), and recovery. Specificity of the method was demonstrated by applying different stressed conditions to drug samples such as acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal degradation.Results: The study was conducted using phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and λmax was found to be 312 nm. Standard plot having a concentration range of 1–10 μg/ml showed a good linear relationship with R2=0.999. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.118 μg/ml and 0.595 μg/ml, respectively. Recovery and percentage relative standard deviations were found to be 100.157±0.332% and <2%, respectively.Conclusion: Proposed method was successfully applicable to the pharmaceutical formulations containing febuxostat. Thus, the developed method is found to be simple, sensitive, accurate, precise, reproducible, and economical for the determination of febuxostat in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

scholarly journals Flotation-Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Aluminium ion Using Xylenol Orange

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1528-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nekouei ◽  
Sh. Nekouei
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Xylenol Orange ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Ion Associate ◽  
Sensitive Method

A simple, fast, reproducible and sensitive method for the flotation- spectrophotometric determination of Al3+is reported. The apparent molar absorptivity (ε) of the ion associate was determined to be 8.35×104L mol-1cm-1. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 1.0-50 ng mL-1of Al3+with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.621 ng mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) at 10 and 30 ng mL-1of aluminium were 1.580 and 2.410% (n=7) respectively. The method was applied for measuring the amount of aluminium in water samples.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Glipizide in Presence of Liposomal/Proliposomal Turbidity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Neelkant Prasad ◽  
Roshan Issarani ◽  
Badri Prakash Nagori
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Uv Detection ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Clear Solution

A simple and sensitive ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for quantitative estimation of glipizide in presence of lipid turbidity is described to avoid false estimation due to diffraction by turbidity. UV detection was performed at 230 nm, 225 nm, and 235 nm, and the calibration curve was plotted between resultant of absorbance of [230 nm − (225 nm + 235 nm)/2] and concentration of analyte. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range tested (1–20 μg/mL) with limit of detection of 0.27 μg/mL and limit of quantification of 0.82 μg/mL. Percent relative standard deviations and percent relative mean error, representing precision and accuracy, respectively, for clear as well as turbid solutions, were found to be within acceptable limits, that is, always less than 0.69 and 0.41, respectively, for clear solution and 0.65 and 0.47, respectively, for turbid solution. Conclusively, our method was successfully applied for the determination of glipizide in clear as well as turbid solutions, and it was found that the drug analyte in both types of solutions can be detected from the same calibration curve accurately and precisely and glipizide entrapped in the liposomes or in proliposomal matrix was not detected.

Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Selenium (IV) by its Catalytic Effect on the Reduction of Arsenazo III with Sodium Hypophosphite in Micellar Media

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 926-933
Author(s):  
Zhi Rong Zhou ◽  
Li Zhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Micellar Media ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric

A simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace selenium (IV) is described, based on its catalytic effect on the reduction arsenazo III (AsA III) with sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) in a solution of 0.02 mol/L sulfuric acid and in the presence of cationic micellar media. The reaction rate is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of AsA III at 550 nm with a fixed-time method. The decrease in the absorbance of AsA III is proportional to the concentration of Se(IV) in the range 0.16–1.0 µg/L after a fixed time of 4–10 min from the initiation of the reaction. The limit of detection is 0.049 µg/L Se(IV). The influence of th e factors such as acidity, concentration of reactants, type and concentration of surfactants, reactive time, temperature and co-existing ions on the reaction is discussed. The optimum reaction conditions of reaction are established and some kinetic parameters are determined; the apparent activation energy of catalytic reaction is 59.51 kJ/mol. The relative standard deviation for eleven replicate determination of 0.02, and 0.01µg/25mL Se(IV) was 2.0 % and 2.4 %, respectively. Combined with sulphydryl dextrane gel (SDG) separation and enriching, the method has been successfully applied to the determination of Se (IV) in foodstuff and human hair samples with the relative standard deviation of 2.1 %–5.8 % and the recovery of 97.0 %–103.3 %, the results are in good agreement with those provided by ICP-AES method.

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