scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Clinical Implications of HTLV-1 Infections among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Abuja, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. VRT.S35331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Abdullahi Nasir ◽  
Abdurrahman Elfulaty Ahmad ◽  
Anthony Uchenna Emeribe ◽  
Muhammad Sagir Shehu ◽  
Jessy Thomas Medugu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Special Clinic ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Background Individuals with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)/HIV-1 coinfection have been demonstrated to undergo CD4+ lymphocytosis even in the face of immunodeficiency and increased vulnerability to opportunistic pathogens that can lead to poor prognosis. Objective This study investigated the prevalence as well as the effects of HIV-1/HTLV-1 coinfection on CD4+ cell counts, routine hematology, and biochemical parameters of study participants. Materials and Methods This prospective cross-sectional study involved 184 blood samples collected from HIV-1-seropositive individuals attending HIV-special clinic of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria. These samples were analyzed for anti-HTLV-1/2 IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CD4+ cell counts, and some routine hematological and biochemical parameters. All samples were also tested for HTLV-1 provirus DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results Of the 184 subjects studied, 9 (4.9%) were anti-HTLV-1/2 IgM seropositive; however, upon real-time PCR testing, 12 (6.5%) had detectable HTLV-1 provirus DNA. The CD4+ cell count was significantly high in HTLV-1-positive (742 ± 40.2) subjects compared to their HTLV-1-negative (380 ± 28.5) counterpart ( P-value = 0.025). However, there was no significant association between HTLV-1 positivity with other hematology and biochemical parameters studied ( P > 0.05). Conclusion All subjects (100%) who were HTLV-1/HIV-1-coinfected had normal CD4+ counts. This gives contrasting finding on the true extent of immunodeficiency of subjects. So it is suggested to be very careful in using only CD4+ counts to monitor disease progression and as indicators for antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. In such conditions, there may be a need to test for HTLV-1 alongside HIV viral loads in order to begin appropriate ART regimens that contain both pathogens.

scholarly journals Early Postseroconversion CD4 Cell Counts Independently Predict CD4 Cell Count Recovery in HIV-1–Postive Subjects Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Kulkarni ◽  
Jason F Okulicz ◽  
Greg Grandits ◽  
Nancy F Crum-Cianflone ◽  
Michael L Landrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Count Recovery

scholarly journals Role of Interferon-Gamma (Ifn-γ) in Immune Response Regulation in Hiv-1 and Hiv-1 + Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Tb) Infected Patients / Interferona-gamma (Ifn-γ) Loma Imūnās Atbildes Regulēšanā Pacientiem Ar HIV-1 un HIV-1 + mycobacterium Tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Inga Januškevica ◽  
Baiba Rozentāle ◽  
Elvīra Hagina ◽  
Jeīena Eglīte ◽  
Tatjana Kolupajeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate the role of IFN-γ in interaction between IL-10, IL-18, IL-1b, CD4 cell counts and HIV-1 RNA viral load in the development of HIV-1 in patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). The study was conducted by Rīga East Clinical University Hospital with data from the HIV-1 register, in collaboration with the RSU Joint Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Immunogenetics. 200 HIV-1 infected patients and 184 HIV-1 with TB co-infection patients divided in four groups were included in the study. IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1b levels were measured in serum with commercially enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA Vector-Best Corporation, Novosibirsk, Russia). CD4 cell counts were measured by flow Partec IVD cytometry (USA). HIV-1 RNA quantification was performed using the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS Taqman HIV-1 Test (Germany). All groups were compared with each another. IFN-γ production was significantly lower, and IL-10 and CD4 cell counts were significantly higher, in HIV-1 patients without TB compared with the other groups. The group with HIV-1 and TB had significantly elevated IL-18 production. HIV patients with primary TB had significantly elevated IFN-γ production and HIV-1 RNA viral load and significantly lower IL-10 production.

scholarly journals Suppression of HIV-1 replication by antiretroviral therapy improves renal function in persons with low CD4 cell counts and chronic kidney disease

AIDS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C Kalayjian ◽  
Nora Franceschini ◽  
Samir K Gupta ◽  
Lynda A Szczech ◽  
Ezekiel Mupere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Antiretroviral therapy interruption guided by CD4 cell counts and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in chronically HIV-1-infected patients

AIDS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Ruiz ◽  
Roger Paredes ◽  
Guadalupe Gómez ◽  
Joan Romeu ◽  
Pere Domingo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Therapy Interruption ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Rna Levels

HIV-1–related Hodgkin lymphoma in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: incidence and evolution of CD4+ T-cell lymphocytes

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (23) ◽  
pp. 6100-6108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Bohlius ◽  
Kurt Schmidlin ◽  
François Boué ◽  
Gerd Fätkenheuer ◽  
Margaret May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract The risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is increased in patients infected with HIV-1. We studied the incidence and outcomes of HL, and compared CD4+ T-cell trajectories in HL patients and controls matched for duration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). A total of 40 168 adult HIV-1–infected patients (median age, 36 years; 70% male; median CD4 cell count, 234 cells/μL) from 16 European cohorts were observed during 159 133 person-years; 78 patients developed HL. The incidence was 49.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.3-61.2) per 100 000 person-years, and similar on cART and not on cART (P = .96). The risk of HL declined as the most recent (time-updated) CD4 count increased: the adjusted hazard ratio comparing more than 350 with less than 50 cells/μL was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08-0.86). Sixty-one HL cases diagnosed on cART were matched to 1652 controls: during the year before diagnosis, cases lost 98 CD4 cells (95% CI, −159 to −36 cells), whereas controls gained 35 cells (95% CI, 24-46 cells; P < .0001). The incidence of HL is not reduced by cART, and patients whose CD4 cell counts decline despite suppression of HIV-1 replication on cART may harbor HL.

The values of quantitative serum HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4 cell counts for predicting survival time among HIV-positive individuals with CD4 counts of ≤50×106 cells/l

AIDS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoin P. G. Coakley ◽  
Matthew H. Samore ◽  
Jacqueline M. Gillis ◽  
Michael D. Hughes ◽  
Scott M. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Rna Levels

Quality of Life After Starting Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for Chronic HIV-1 Infection at Different CD4 Cell Counts

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pythia T Nieuwkerk ◽  
Milly E Hillebrand-Haverkort ◽  
Robert Vriesendorp ◽  
PH Jos Frissen ◽  
Frank de Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals The correlation of tuberculosis smear results and immuno-suppression with CD4+ counts as a surrogate marker among HIV infected patients.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Kamvuma ◽  
Yusuf ademola ◽  
Warren Chanda ◽  
Christopher Newton Phiri ◽  
Sam Bezza Phiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and M.tuberculosis are two intracellular pathogens that interact at the cellular, clinical and population levels. Since the recognition of AIDS in 1981, the number of reported cases of TB in the has increased substantially, especially in regions with high incidence of AIDS. The main aim of this study was to establish weather there is a relationship between sputum smear positives and low CD4 cell counts among HIV infected patients.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study involving 473 participants. The patients recruited in this study were those who tested HIV positive and smear positive for TB. Their HIV status was determined by performing an HIV blood test, if they were HIV positive their CD4 cell count were then made.Results: This study examined the relation between smear positivity and low CD4 (below 200cells/µl) together with CD8 and CD3 markers as a measure of immune function among patients infected with HIV. The study participants’ constituted males 67% and females 33%. The overall mean age was 33.2 (SD 6.9) with the youngest and oldest participants being 18 and 60 respectively. It was found that smear positive results negatively (r=-0.13; p=0.021) correlated with CD4+ below 200 cells/µl. No correlation was observed between smear positives and CD8+ or CD3+ since the calculated correlation coefficient was not significant 0.007 (p=0.9) and 0.03 (p=0.6) respectively. There are more 3+ smear results below 200 cells/µl than the others while above 200 cells/µl 1+ was the most commonly reported smear result. The scanty smear positives were the least commonly reported result in the low and high CD4 counts. Conclusion: The smear positive result negatively correlated with a low CD4+ (r=-0.13; p=0.021) but no correlation with low CD+8 and CD+3 results was observed. The long held theory that low bacillary counts in patients with low CD4+ counts needs to be revisited. The reduction of CD4+ cell count parallels' that of the total lymphocyte count and is more marked in patients with high bacillary counts. Further, studies are required to confirm these findings

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