scholarly journals Validation of the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique for measurement of methane and carbon dioxide production by cattle

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Boadi ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
A. D. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production from six crossbred yearling beef heifers (400 ± 13.0 kg) were measured, using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique (Tracer) and open-circuit hood calorimetry (Cal) to validate the former in estimating rumen CH4 and CO2 production in the field. Animals were individually fed a diet consisting of 50% barley concentrate and 50% alfalfa cubes at 1.3 &times ;maintenance requirements daily. Hifers were divided into two groups for individual animal 24- h gas measurements by each method. Each group of heifers was rotated between the Cal and Tracer techniques for 6 consecutive days in an incomplete block design. Methane production ranged from 108 to 145 L d-1 (mean 130 ± 4.0 L d-1) using the Cal technique, and 90 to 167 L d-1 (mean 137 ± 4.0 L d-1) using the Tracer technique. The mean CH4 production (L d-1) was not different (P = 0.24) between the two methods. Carbon dioxide production with the Tracer technique was 20% higher than CO2 production with the Cal technique (P < 0.01). The range of CO2 production was 1574 to 2049 L d-1 (mean 1892 ± 74.0 L d-1) by Cal, and 1541 to 3330 L d-1 (mean 2353 ± 74.0 L d-1) by Tracer. Day-to-day variation in CH4 production was not different within each method (P > 0.05); however, animal-to-animal variation (11.7%) was significant for the Tracer technique (P = 0.04), but not for the Cal technique (P = 0.53). Comparison of the equality of variance between the two methods showed that there were no differences in variations (P > 0.05) between Cal and Tracer for CH4 production. On the other hand, variations in CO2 production were not equal (P > 0.05) between methods. Day-to-day variation in CO2 production was significant using Cal, but not Tracer (P > 0.05). Animal-to-animal variation in CO2 production was 1.6 and 11.8% by Cal and Tracer techniques, respectively. It can be concluded that the SF6 tracer technique accurately estimated rumen CH4 production, but CO2 production was 20% higher. The study suggests that for CH4 measurements using the SF6 tracer technique, more animal numbers are needed than for Cal to reduce animal-to-animal variation. Key words: Methane, carbon dioxide, SF6 tracer technique, validation, cattle

GASEOUS METABOLISM IN PREMATURE INFANTS AT 32-34°C AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Forrest H. Adams ◽  
Tetsuro Fujiwara ◽  
Robert Spears ◽  
Joan Hodgman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Thirty-four measurements of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient, and rectal temperature were made on 22 premature infants with ages ranging from 2½ hours to 18 days. The studies were conducted at 32-34°C utilizing an open circuit apparatus and a specially designed climatized chamber. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were lowest in the first 12 hours and increased thereafter. The rate of increase in O2 consumption was greater than that of CO2 production, with a consequent fall in respiratory quotient during the first 76 hours of life. A reverse relation of O2 consumption and CO2 production was found following the 4th day of life with a consequent rise in respiratory quotient. There was a close correlation between O2 consumption and rectal temperature regardless of age. A respiratory quotient below the value of 0.707 for fat metabolism was observed in 7 premature infants with ages ranging from 24 to 76 hours.

Measurement of ‘Basal’ and Total Metabolism in Hereditarily Obese-Hyperglycemic Mice

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth McClintock ◽  
Nathan Lifson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Isotope Method

Measurements of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were made by the Haldane open circuit method on hereditarily obese mice and littermate controls, and the energy expenditures were estimated. Studies were made on mice for short periods under ‘basal’ conditions, and for periods of approximately a day with the mice fasted and confined, fasted and relatively unconfined, and fed and unconfined. The total energy expenditures of fed and unconfined obese mice were found to be higher than those of nonobese littermate controls by virtue of a) increased ‘basal metabolism’, b) greater energy expenditure associated with feeding, and possibly c) larger energy output for activity despite reduced voluntary movement. The values obtained for total metabolism confirm those previously determined by an isotope method for measuring CO2 output.

Proxies to adjust methane production rate of beef cattle when the quantity of feed consumed is unknown

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Herd ◽  
J. I. Velazco ◽  
P. F. Arthur ◽  
R. S. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production Rate

The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the utility of carbon dioxide production rate (CPR; g CO2/day) and animal weight (WT) data as proxies for feed intake to adjust methane production rate (MPR; g CH4/day) in situations where dry-matter intake (DMI) is not known. This experiment measured individual-animal DMI, MPR and CPR in the feedlot, and then again on restricted quantities of grain and roughage diets in open-circuit respiration chambers. Of the 59 cattle tested in the feedlot, 41 had MPR and CPR recorded, and 59 and 57 had test results on the restricted grain and roughage rations. Methane production relative to DMI by individual animals was calculated as CH4 yield (MY; MPR/DMI) and as residual CH4 production (RMPDMI; calculated as MPR less predicted MPR based on DMI). A second form of RMP: RMPCO2, was calculated by regressing MPR against CPR to determine whether animals were producing more or less CH4 than predicted for their CPR. Carbon dioxide production rate was positively associated with DMI in all three test phases (R2 = 0.25, 0.45 and 0.47; all P < 0.001). The associations for MY with MPR : CPR were moderate and positive, as follows: R2 = 0.49 in the feedlot test; R2 = 0.37 in the restricted-grain test; and R2 = 0.59 in the restricted-roughage test, and with RMPCO2, values of R2 were 0.57, 0.34 and 0.59 in the three test phases (all P < 0.001). The R2 for RMPDMI with MPR : CPR in all three tests were 0.50, 0.79 and 0.69, and with RMPCO2, values of R2 were 0.68, 0.79 and 0.68 (all P < 0.001). The high R2 for MY with MPR : CPR and RMPCO2 and even higher R2 for RMPDMI with MPR : CPR and RMPCO2 in all three test phases showed that CPR can be used to adjust MPR data for DMI when DMI is not recorded. In the feedlot test, where animal WT data were recorded over 70 days, MPR adjusted for WT and WT gain had R2 with MY and RMPDMI of 0.60 and 0.83, respectively (P < 0.001), offering the possibility that animal WT data determined over an extended time period could also be used as a proxy for DMI in adjustment of MPR.

scholarly journals The respiratory quotient in the newborn pig

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

1. Rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured in pigs from birth to 3 days of age in an open-circuit system.2. The mean respiratory quotient (RQ) during the first 6 h following birth was 0.95 in fasted pigs and 0.91 in pigs which were allowed to feed.3. The RQ fell during the remainder of the first postnatal day to mean values close to 0.85, whether the pigs were allowed to feed from birth or were fasted.4. From 1 to 3 days of age the RQ had a mean value of 0.79.5. There was little difference in the RQ of pigs exposed to environmental temperatures of either 32 or 16°.6. It is concluded that the baby pig is not exclusively dependent on carbohydrate for its energy metabolism.

scholarly journals The Accuracy and Precision of an Open-Circuit System To Measure Oxygen Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Production in Neonates

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith H Marks ◽  
Patricia Coen ◽  
James R Kerrigan ◽  
Nick A Francalancia ◽  
Elizabeth E Nardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Measure Oxygen Consumption

Estimation of carbon dioxide production and energy expenditure of grazing cattle by the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Stewart ◽  
M. Undi ◽  
C. Wilson ◽  
K. H. Ominski ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Available N ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Hog Manure

The purpose of the study was to explore the suitability of the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique to estimate CO2 production and energy expenditure (EE) for grazing animals on pastures typical of western Canada. During each year of a 3-yr study, CO2 emissions were collected from 60 yearling steers on grass pastures receiving one of three fertility treatments: no manure, liquid hog manure applied as a split application (74 kg available N ha-1) in the spring and fall, and a single application of liquid hog manure applied at a rate of 155 kg available N ha-1 each spring. The mean CO2 production estimate across all treatments was 5424 ± 2218 L d-1 (mean ± SD) with a range of 1099 to 11548 L d-1. When compared across three grazing periods in June, July and August, steers produced more (P < 0.05) CO2 in June than in either July or August. Metabolic body weight (BW0.75), average daily gain (ADG), standing forage biomass, and forage neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) contents explained 33% of the variation in CO2 production. Energy expenditure (EE) was estimated from CO2 production by adopting an energetic equivalent of 22 kJ L-1 CO2 and EE was calculated for animals that were not losing body weight at time of measurement. The average EE estimate was 1.2 ± 0.5 MJ kg-1 BW0.75 d-1 with a range of 0.2 to 2.8 MJ kg-1 BW0.75 d-1. Energy expenditure declined as ADG and forage biomass declined, but EE was not influenced (P > 0.05) by fertility treatment. The EE estimate was higher (P < 0.05) early in the grazing season (June) and declined as the grazing season progressed. The SF6 tracer gas technique was able to estimate EE of individual animals without interfering with herd dynamics. The technique was also able to show differences in EE in response to pasture conditions. The results of this study suggest that the SF6 tracer gas technique shows potential as a simple and non-invasive method of estimating CO2 production and EE for grazing animals. Further validation under different grazing conditions and with animals undertaking different degrees of activity is required. Comparisons with other field techniques of estimating EE are also important. Key words: Energy expenditure, carbon dioxide, sulphur hexafluoride, grazing animals

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