scholarly journals The respiratory quotient in the newborn pig

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

1. Rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured in pigs from birth to 3 days of age in an open-circuit system.2. The mean respiratory quotient (RQ) during the first 6 h following birth was 0.95 in fasted pigs and 0.91 in pigs which were allowed to feed.3. The RQ fell during the remainder of the first postnatal day to mean values close to 0.85, whether the pigs were allowed to feed from birth or were fasted.4. From 1 to 3 days of age the RQ had a mean value of 0.79.5. There was little difference in the RQ of pigs exposed to environmental temperatures of either 32 or 16°.6. It is concluded that the baby pig is not exclusively dependent on carbohydrate for its energy metabolism.

GASEOUS METABOLISM IN PREMATURE INFANTS AT 32-34°C AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Forrest H. Adams ◽  
Tetsuro Fujiwara ◽  
Robert Spears ◽  
Joan Hodgman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Thirty-four measurements of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient, and rectal temperature were made on 22 premature infants with ages ranging from 2½ hours to 18 days. The studies were conducted at 32-34°C utilizing an open circuit apparatus and a specially designed climatized chamber. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were lowest in the first 12 hours and increased thereafter. The rate of increase in O2 consumption was greater than that of CO2 production, with a consequent fall in respiratory quotient during the first 76 hours of life. A reverse relation of O2 consumption and CO2 production was found following the 4th day of life with a consequent rise in respiratory quotient. There was a close correlation between O2 consumption and rectal temperature regardless of age. A respiratory quotient below the value of 0.707 for fat metabolism was observed in 7 premature infants with ages ranging from 24 to 76 hours.

Comparison of Emission Levels of Motor Cars, Motorcycles, and Tricycles Using Petrol Engines in Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Odunlami Olayemi Abosede ◽  
Akeredolu Funso Alaba
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
European Standards

The emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon from four stroke-powered motorcars and two stroke-powered motorcycles and tricycles in Southwest Nigeria were examined using an automotive 4-gas analyer. Results show that tricycles produced more hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions than motorcycles, while motorcycles emitted more of these pollutants than the gasoline fueled motor cars. (The gasoline fueled motorcars produced lowest hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide while the tricycles produced the highest hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions). On the contrary, motor cars had the highest mean value of carbon dioxide followed by the motorcycles, while tricycles had the least. This could be attributed to the presence of the catalytic converters in some of the motor cars oxidizing carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The mean values of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from motorcars are 630ppm, 10200ppm and 59900ppm. This is much higher than the NESREA (National Environmental standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency) standards as well as Euro II and Euro III (European standards) for vehicular emission. The mean values for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from motorcycles and tricycles are (2150ppm, 21530ppm and 31200ppm) and (2820ppm, 24880ppm and 38710ppm) respectively. These results do not comply with Nigeria and European emission standards for hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide. Tricycles and motorcycles account for higher concentrations of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide pollutants from mobile sources, while they emit carbon dioxide minimally.

Measurement of ‘Basal’ and Total Metabolism in Hereditarily Obese-Hyperglycemic Mice

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth McClintock ◽  
Nathan Lifson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Isotope Method

Measurements of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were made by the Haldane open circuit method on hereditarily obese mice and littermate controls, and the energy expenditures were estimated. Studies were made on mice for short periods under ‘basal’ conditions, and for periods of approximately a day with the mice fasted and confined, fasted and relatively unconfined, and fed and unconfined. The total energy expenditures of fed and unconfined obese mice were found to be higher than those of nonobese littermate controls by virtue of a) increased ‘basal metabolism’, b) greater energy expenditure associated with feeding, and possibly c) larger energy output for activity despite reduced voluntary movement. The values obtained for total metabolism confirm those previously determined by an isotope method for measuring CO2 output.

Energy metabolism in hypnotic trance and sleep

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrishikesh Jana
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Elimination ◽  
Natural Sleep ◽  
Healthy Males

The energy metabolism of 14 healthy males was studied before and during a hypnotic trance in the basal state. Metabolic rates during the basal waking, the basal hypnotic trance and the basal sleep were also determined in three subjects for 3 consecutive days, respectively. It was observed that a hypnotic trance does not significantly influence the metabolic rates in a basal condition while natural sleep lowers the basal metabolic rates by 8.73%. hypnosis; oxygen consumption; carbon dioxide; elimination; respiratory quotient Submitted on April 7, 1964

scholarly journals Hyperoxia Reversibly Alters Oxygen Consumption and Metabolism

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Lauscher ◽  
Sabine Lauscher ◽  
Harry Kertscho ◽  
Oliver Habler ◽  
Jens Meier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Hyperoxic Ventilation ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Ventilation with pure oxygen (hyperoxic ventilation: HV) is thought to decrease whole body oxygen consumption (VO2). However, the validity and impact of this phenomenon remain ambiguous; until now, under hyperoxic conditions,VO2has only been determined by the reverse Fick principle, a method with inherent methodological problems. The goal of this study was to determine changes ofVO2, carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and the respiratory quotient (RQ) during normoxic and hyperoxic ventilation, using a metabolic monitor.Methods. After providing signed informed consent and institutional acceptance, 14 healthy volunteers were asked to sequentially breathe room air, pure oxygen, and room air again.VO2, VCO2, RQ, and energy expenditure (EE) were determined by indirect calorimetry using a modified metabolic monitor during HV.Results. HV reducedVO2from 3.4 (3.0/4.0) mL/kg/min to 2.8 (2.5/3.6) mL/kg/min (P<0.05), whereas VCO2remained constant (3.0 [2.6/3.6] mL/kg/min versus 3.0 [2.6/3.5] mL/kg/min, n.s.). After onset of HV, RQ increased from 0.9 (0.8/0.9) to 1.1 (1.0/1.1). Most changes during HV were immediately reversed during subsequent normoxic ventilation.Conclusion. HV not only reducesVO2, but also increases the respiratory quotient. This might be interpreted as an indicator of the substantial metabolic changes induced by HV. However, the impact of this phenomenon requires further study.

Quantitative methanol-burning lung model for validating gas-exchange measurements over wide ranges of F I O 2

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 2177-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Miodownik ◽  
Jose Melendez ◽  
Vittoria Arslan Carlon ◽  
Brian Burda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Lung Model ◽  
Burner Device ◽  
Extended Range

The methanol-burning lung model has been used as a technique for generating a predictable ratio of carbon dioxide production (V˙co 2) to oxygen consumption (V˙o 2) or respiratory quotient (RQ). Although an accurate RQ can be generated, quantitatively predictable and adjustableV˙o 2 andV˙co 2 cannot be generated. We describe a new burner device in which the combustion rate of methanol is always equal to the infusion rate of fuel over an extended range of O2 concentrations. This permits the assembly of a methanol-burning lung model that is usable with O2 concentrations up to 100% and provides continuously adjustable and quantitativeV˙o 2 (69–1,525 ml/min) and V˙co 2 (46–1,016 ml/min) at a RQ of 0.667.

scholarly journals The Energy Sources in Ontogenesis

1935 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERNEST BALDWIN
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Limnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Nitrogenous Metabolism

1. Experiments have been made upon the oxygen consumption, CO2 content, and respiratory quotient of the eggs of Limnaea stagnalis, the common pond snail. 2. Throughout the period of development, during which accurate determinations are possible, the mean value of the R.Q. was 1.05. The significance of the observations is discussed in the text, the main conclusion being that fat is synthesised in the course of development. This was confirmed by extraction of the ether-soluble substances. 3. Preliminary experiments upon the nitrogenous metabolism show that uric acid is synthesised by the embryo during the latter part of development, but suggest that protein does not constitute the source of the synthetic fat.

scholarly journals The Accuracy and Precision of an Open-Circuit System To Measure Oxygen Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Production in Neonates

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith H Marks ◽  
Patricia Coen ◽  
James R Kerrigan ◽  
Nick A Francalancia ◽  
Elizabeth E Nardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Measure Oxygen Consumption

FETAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION, AND GLUCOSE UPTAKE IN A CHRONIC SHEEP PREPARATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-371
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. James ◽  
John R. Raye ◽  
Edwin L. Gresham ◽  
Edgar L. Makowski ◽  
Giacomo Meschia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Glucose

Metabolic studies were carried out in 22 sheep fetuses free of operative stress. The studies included measurements of umbilical blood flow (175 ± 8 ml/min/kg), fetal oxygen consumption (5.99 ± 0.15 ml/min/kg), carbon dioxide production (5.65 ± 0.17 ml/min/kg), glucose uptake (3.06 ± 0.28 mg/min/kg), respiratory quotient (0.94 ± 0.01), and glucose/oxygen quotient·(0.41 ± 0.03). The studies demonstrated that fetal glucose uptake could be correlated with the glucose concentration difference betsveen maternal arterial and fetal umbilical arterial blood, as well as with maternal arterial glucose concentration. Umbilical arterial glucose concentration was a function of maternal arterial concentration over the concentration range studied. The study demonstrates that the fetal respiratory quotient is significantly less than one. These data suggest that the accumulation of carbon in the fetus for growth represents approximately 40% of the carbon intake in the growing fetal lamb.

scholarly journals The Energetic and Metabolic Effect of Ringerfundin (B. Braun) Infusion and Comparison with Plasma-Lyte (Baxter) in Healthy Volunteers

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Zadák ◽  
Radomír Hyšpler ◽  
Miloslav Hronek ◽  
Alena Tichá
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Ionic Solution ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Measurement of parameters of energy requirement, respiratory quotient (RQ), rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) and rate of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) reveal Ringerfundin as an excellent and metabolically stable-acting balanced ionic solution, which does not increase the consumption of O2 or the total energy requirement. In conclusion, Ringerfundin was very well tolerated and in no case were observed undesirable effects.

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