Changes in the microbial population of a rumen-simulating fermenter in response to yeast culture

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Newbold ◽  
F. M. McIntosh ◽  
R. J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Sole Energy

Yeast increased the total viable count of bacteria on a medium containing rumen fluid and soluble sugars by 38% (P < 0.05) and the cellulolytic population increased by 49%, although the increase was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Microscopic counts indicated a 25% increase in total bacteria (P < 0.05). Bacterial counts with mannitol as sole energy source also increased (P < 0.05), indicating an increased Selenomonas population; that was not in itself sufficient to account for the increase in the total bacterial count. The protozoal population was significantly lower in yeast supplemented vessels (P < 0.001), which may account partly for the increased bacterial numbers. Key words: Yeast culture, probiotics, rumen bacteria, Rusitec

scholarly journals TOTAL BACTERIA AND IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEOLYTIC RUMINAL AND RETICULUM BACTERIA FROM LOCAL KACANG GOAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safika Safika ◽  
Darmawi Darmawi ◽  
Fitria Sari Ramadhani ◽  
Nurhaspika Nurhaspika ◽  
Moliwati Moliwati
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Total Bacteria

This study aimed to calculate the total bacteria and to identify the proteolytic bacteria in rumen and reticulum of local Kacang goat. The samples used were the rumen and reticulum fluids of five goats at abattoirs in Banda Aceh. Isolation of proteolytic bacteria was carried out using skim milk agar with pour plate method and incubated at 39° C for 48 hours. The bacterial colonies morphology was observed and the total bacterial count was recorded. DNA of the widest proteolytic index colony was isolated, amplified, and sequenced. The results showed that the dominant colonies morphology was white with position inside the agar. The average of total proteolytic bacteria in goat rumen fluid and reticulum fluid were 6.416x106 CFU/mL and 2,382x107 CFU/mL, respectively. Isolates with the widest proteolytic index was Ru3 (2.5 mm) in the rumen which homology and phylogenetic tree analysis of 16S rRNA showed 93% sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis, while in reticulum was Re1 (2.0 mm) which has 92% sequence similarity to Tatumella. It is concluded that the number of proteolytic bacteria in reticulum is greater than the number of proteolytic bacteria in the rumen of local kacang goat. Homology analysis in this study proved that the Ru3 and Re1 isolate were probably either a new species or unconfirmed species.

scholarly journals Observations on the microbiology and biochemistry of the rumen in cattle given different quantities of a pelleted barley ration

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Margaret Eadie ◽  
J. Hyldgaard-Jensen ◽  
S. O. Mann ◽  
R. S. Reid ◽  
F. G. Whitelaw
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Rumen Ph

1. Three heifers were changed from a diet of equal parts of hay and barley cubes (50:50 diet) to one entirely of barley cubes given in three equal feeds throughout the day. Feed intake was restricted to 80% of calculated appetite at the time of change and this percentage progressively decreased as the live weights of the animals increased.2. The change of diet had no significant effect on the volume of rumen fluid but the rate of outflow from the rumen was significantly lower on the barley diet than on the 50:50 diet.3. Animals on the restricted barley diet developed an exceptionally high rumen ciliate population and the bacterial population was shown by Gram films to include a number of organisms typical of roughage-fed animals. In culture, organisms of the genusBacteroideswere predominant but these appeared largely as cocco-bacilli in the Gram films. This microbial population was associated with a higher proportion of butyric acid than of propionic acid in the rumen fluid.4. Occasional fluctuations in ciliate populations occurred in all three heifers. Decreases in ciliate number were paralleled by increases in propionic acid and decreases in butyric acid but not necessarily by a fall in pH. Under these conditions Gram films showed increases in bacteriodes-type rods and in certain curved Gram-negative rods.5. Rumen ammonia concentrations were on average lower and showed a different diurnal pattern when ciliate numbers were reduced. Lactic acid concentrations were low and were not affected by the size of the ciliate population.6. When the three heifers were given the barley dietad lib. there was a decrease in rumen pH and a complete loss of rumen ciliates. The rumen bacterial population and the volatile fatty acid proportions were similar to those seen during decreases in ciliate number at the restricted level of intake. These changes also occurred in a fourth heifer which was changed fairly rapidly from the 50:50 diet to a restricted amount of the barley diet.7. Two steers which had never had access to roughage were changed fromad lib. to restricted intake of the barley diet and were later given an inoculum of rumen ciliates. The rumen microbial population and the pattern of fermentation so produced were similar to those found in the heifers on the restricted barley diet.8. Anomalous values were noted for total counts of rumen bacteria when free starch grains were present in the rumen fluid.9. It is concluded that large ciliate populations and high proportions of butyric acid can be produced in animals fed exclusively on a barley diet by suitable adjustment of the intake and the method of feeding. It is postulated that the ciliate population may be largely responsible for the high butyric acid concentrations.

scholarly journals Microbiological Effect of Essential Oils in Combination with Subgingival Ultrasonic Instrumentation and Mouth Rinsing in Chronic Periodontitis Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Morozumi ◽  
Takehiko Kubota ◽  
Daisuke Abe ◽  
Taro Shimizu ◽  
Kaname Nohno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Deep Pockets ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
Total Bacteria

Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control, saline, and essential oil-containing antiseptic (EO). Subgingival plaque was collected from a total of 90 pockets across all subjects. Subsequently, subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation (SUI) was performed by using EO or saline as the irrigation agent. After continuous mouth rinsing at home with EO or saline for 7 days, subgingival plaques were sampled again. Periodontopathic bacteria were quantified using the modified Invader PLUS assay. The total bacterial count in shallow pockets (probing pocket depth (PPD) = 4-5 mm) was significantly reduced in both saline (P<0.05) and EO groups (P<0.01). The total bacterial count (P<0.05) andPorphyromonas gingivalis(P<0.01) andTannerella forsythia(P<0.05) count in deep pockets (PPD≥6 mm) were significantly reduced only in the EO group. In comparisons of the change ratio relative to baseline value of total bacteria counts across categories, both the saline and EO groups for PPD 4-5 mm and the EO group for PPD 6 mm showed a significantly low ratio (P<0.05). The adjunctive use of EO may be effective in reducing subgingival bacterial counts in both shallow and deep pockets. This trial is registered with UMIN Clinical Trials RegistryUMIN000007484.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Activity of Cashew Apple (Anacardium Occidentale) Extract Marinade on The Meat Total Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
S. Susanti ◽  
B. E. Setiani ◽  
H. Rizqiati ◽  
D. R. Febriandi ◽  
V. P. Bintoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Cashew Apple Juice ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Cashew Apple ◽  
Total Bacteria

Microbial activities cause physical and functional alteration, which can decrease the quality and shelf life of meat. Inhibiting the bacterial growth becomes a crucial effort to prevent spoilage of meat. Previous studies reported that human pathogen bacterias could be inhibited by using cashew apple juice. It was interested to explore the utilization of cashew apple as marinade solution to suppress the meat bacteria. Current study was aimed to get more insight the effectiveness of cashew apple extract marinade (CAM) as growth inhibitor for spoilage bacteria on beefs and chickens. Results indicated that inhibition zone of 20% CAM were significant higher than 0% CAM on the medium of E. coli, and S. aureus. The pretty high polyphenols content in CAM was considered as an active compound responsible for antibacterial activity. Furthermore, total bacterial count assay showed that 10 to 30% CAM significantly reduced the beef total bacteria in comparison to 0% while 15 % CAM significantly decreased the chicken total bacteria. It was suggested the range of effective level of CAM to reduce the meats bacteria is 10 to 30%. Thus, cashew apple can be a promising natural food preservative in the future, especially for extending the shelf life of meat.

scholarly journals Effects of Freezing Milk Samples on the Recovery of Alimentary Pathogens and Indicator Microorganisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hubáčková ◽  
D. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
Total Bacteria

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of freezing and subsequent storage on quantitative results of bacteriologic culturing of selected alimentary pathogens and indicator microorganisms in milk. Two model experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, raw milk samples were frozen and stored at -20 °C for 72 hours, 7 days or 21 days. After thawing, the following counts of indicator microorganisms were assessed: total bacteria count and counts of coliform and psychrotrophic microorganisms. The counts of these microorganisms determined before freezing served as control. In the second experiment, milk samples were inoculated with strains of shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and frozen. After storage for the above times, recovery was performed and colony-forming unit counts per millilitre were assessed. It was documented that freezing had a considerable adverse effect on the recovery of shigatoxigenic E. coli (P < 0.01) after 7 days of storage. A decline in counts of coliform bacteria (P < 0.01) and psychrotrophic microorganisms (P < 0.01) was detected as soon as after 72 hours storage. The decline in counts of E. coli and psychrotrophic microorganisms continued with the time of storage - 72 hours and 7 days (P < 0.05); 72 hours and 21 days (P < 0.01). In contrast, no effect was recorded for L. monocytogenes and total bacterial count. Freezing caused a slight increase (P < 0.05) in S. aureus counts in milk samples after 72 hours and 7 days of storage. The results of this study indicate that the freezing of milk samples is unsuitable for sample storage before the assessment of hygienic quality because potential risk of misdiagnosis may be high.

scholarly journals Determination of bacterial air pollution in various premises

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Cvjetanović
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
Operating Theatres ◽  
Total Bacteria

A simple method, applicable in routine work, for simultaneous air sampling of total bacteria, on serum agar, and Str. salivarius and Bact. coli on specific media, is described.Simultaneous air sampling including, in addition to detection of total bacteria, Str. salivarius and Bact. coli as indicators of buccal and faecal air-borne bacteria, respectively, reveals the kind and source of air-borne pollution much better than the simple total bacterial count.The air in various medical and public institutions was examined; the results are presented and discussed. The air pollution of the premises examined was relatively high, especially in the operating theatres. The air of infants' wards was found to be heavily polluted with Bact. coli as a result of poor nursing technique and this might have had bearing on the epidemic of infant diarrhoea.

REMOVAL OF BACTERIA FROM LIQUID EGG WHITE BY CENTRIFUGATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
F. V. Kosikowski ◽  
V. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Total Bacteria

Continuous bacterial centrifugation, or bactofugation, of clarified, liquid egg white reduced total bacterial count 50 to 99.7%, depending on processing temperatures. Coliforms and enteric bacteria were found in liquid egg white in small numbers and their reduction by bactofugation was generally less than obtained for total bacteria. Effectiveness of removal of bacteria from liquid egg white by bactofugation was related to temperature, initial bacterial numbers, and prior mechanical clarification. The application of bactofugation to liquid egg white as a supplement to pasteurization or hydrogen peroxide-catalase treatment requires more, intensive study for proper assessment of value.

Seasonal abundance of Halomonas meridiana, Halomonas subglaciescola, Flavobacterium gondwanense and Flavobacterium salegens in four Antarctic lakes

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. James ◽  
H. R. Burton ◽  
T. A. McMeekin ◽  
C. A. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Species Composition Change

Indirect immunofluorescence was used to quantify the seasonal variation of four halophilic aerobic Antarctic bacteria in Antarctic saline lakes from July 1990 to January 1991. Antibodies were raised against type strains from the Australian Collection of Antarctic Microorganisms. During summer, all four serogroups were identified in the aerobic waters of lakes with total dissolved salts above 61%. Maximal abundances of Halomonas meridiana, H. subglaciescola and Flavobacterium gondwanense serogroups were observed at discrete depths within the water column in the two most hypersaline lakes at about midsummer, coincident with the time of maximum sunlight and the commencement of the summer thaw. At this time the Halomonas spp. serogroups comprised up to 40% of the total bacteria and the F. gondwanense serogroup up to 10% of the total bacteria. The F. salegens serogroup was in low numbers (>2% of total bacteria) in some aerobic waters. Up to 2% of the total bacterial populations in the lakes were autofluorescent or stained non-specifically. Dissolved organic carbon values were measured throughout the sampling period and correlated well with total bacterial numbers but not with changes in species composition. Change in species abundance, as indicated by immunofluorescence, was not reflected in the total bacterial count, indicating compositional change of the total bacterial population.

scholarly journals 100 Microbial Evaluation of Electrolyzed Water Treated Fresh-cut Carrots in CA/MA Storage

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 405G-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidemi Izumi ◽  
Akihiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Control Samples

The effect of electrolyzed water on bacterial count was evaluated on CA/MA stored carrot shreds. Electrolyzed water (pH 6.8) containing 50 ppm available chlorine, was generated by electrolysis of 2.5% NaCl solution using an electrolyzed neutral water generator, Ameni Clean (Matsushita Seiko, Osaka, Japan). Electrolyzed water treatment reduced counts of total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria on surface of carrot shreds by about 1 log CFU/g as compared to water-rinsed control. Microbial population increased on treated carrot shreds stored in air or 3% O2 atmosphere at 10 or 20 °C. The increasing count of lactic acid bacteria was less on electrolyzed water treated samples than on control samples during storage at 10 °C. Electrolyzed water did not affect respiration rate of carrot shreds during storage at 10 and 20 °C. For MA study, the treated carrot shreds were packaged and stored in a polymeric film in which the O2 and CO2 concentrations equilibrated to about 10% and 3% at 10 °C and about 6% and 7% at 20 °C, respectively. The lactic acid bacterial count on shreds in MAP was lower with electrolyzed water treated samples than water treated controls during storage at 10 and 20 °C.

scholarly journals Mode of action of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeas a feed additive for ruminants

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Newbold ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
F. M. Mcintosh
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria

Two suggested modes of action of yeast in stimulating rumen fermentation were investigated. The first, that yeast respiratory activity protects anaerobic rumen bacteria from damage by O2, was tested using different strains of yeast that had previously been shown to have differing abilities to increase the viable count of rumen bacteria.Saccharomyces cerevisiaeNCYC 240, NCYC 1026, and the commercial product Yea-Sacc®, added to rumen fluidin vitroat 1·3 mg/ml, increased the rate of O2disappearance by between 46 and 89%. The same three preparations also stimulated bacterial numbers in anin vitrofermenter (Rusitec).S. cerevisiaeNCYC 694 and NCYC 1088, which had no influence on the viable count in Rusitec, also had no effect on O2uptake. Respiration-deficient (RD) mutants ofS. cerevisiaeNCYC 240 and NCYC 1026 were enriched by repeated culturing in the presence of ethidium bromide.S. cerevisiaeNCYC 240 and NCYC 1026 stimulated the total and cellulolytic bacterial populations in Rusitec, while the corresponding RD mutants did not. Rigorous precautions to exclude air from Rusitec resulted i“nS. cevevisiaeNCYC 240 no longer stimulating total bacterial numbers, although it still increased numbers of cellulolytic bacteria. The second hypothesis, that yeast provides malic and other dicarboxylic acids which stimulate the growth of some rumen bacteria, was examined by comparing the effects of yeast and malic acid on rumen fermentation in sheep. Three mature sheep were given 0·85 kg barley/d plus 0·55 kg chopped ryegrass hay/d either unsupplemented, or supplemented with 4 gS. cerevisiaeNCYC 240/d or 100 mgl-malic acid/d either mixed with the diet or in aqueous solution infused continuously into the rumen. Yeast increased the total viable count of bacteria (P< 0·05)whereas malic acid did not, and no other effect of the treatments reached statistical significance. It was concluded, therefore, that the stimulation of rumen bacteria byS.cerevisiaeis at least partly dependent on its respiratory activity, and is not mediated by malic acid.

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