Seasonal abundance of Halomonas meridiana, Halomonas subglaciescola, Flavobacterium gondwanense and Flavobacterium salegens in four Antarctic lakes

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. James ◽  
H. R. Burton ◽  
T. A. McMeekin ◽  
C. A. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Species Composition Change

Indirect immunofluorescence was used to quantify the seasonal variation of four halophilic aerobic Antarctic bacteria in Antarctic saline lakes from July 1990 to January 1991. Antibodies were raised against type strains from the Australian Collection of Antarctic Microorganisms. During summer, all four serogroups were identified in the aerobic waters of lakes with total dissolved salts above 61%. Maximal abundances of Halomonas meridiana, H. subglaciescola and Flavobacterium gondwanense serogroups were observed at discrete depths within the water column in the two most hypersaline lakes at about midsummer, coincident with the time of maximum sunlight and the commencement of the summer thaw. At this time the Halomonas spp. serogroups comprised up to 40% of the total bacteria and the F. gondwanense serogroup up to 10% of the total bacteria. The F. salegens serogroup was in low numbers (>2% of total bacteria) in some aerobic waters. Up to 2% of the total bacterial populations in the lakes were autofluorescent or stained non-specifically. Dissolved organic carbon values were measured throughout the sampling period and correlated well with total bacterial numbers but not with changes in species composition. Change in species abundance, as indicated by immunofluorescence, was not reflected in the total bacterial count, indicating compositional change of the total bacterial population.

Seasonal variations in heterotrophic bacterial populations in waters off Sydney

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
AD Brown
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Seawater Samples

Viable counts were made of heterotrophic bacteria in seawater samples taken from 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 m at one station off Sydney over a period of 2 years. Populations, which fell largely within the range of 10-1000/ml, tended to be higher in spring and early summer than at other times. Some evidence was obtained of a negative correlation between bacterial population and chlorinity. There was no evidence of a correlation between bacterial populations and several other variables which were examined. A (presumed) species of Chromobacterium occurred intermittently at the lower depths with some suggestion of a correlation with season and total bacterial count.

Comparison between the Bacterial Populations from Solutions and Minerals in 1 m Test Columns and the Industrial Low Grade Copper Sulphide Bioleaching Process in the Escondida Mine, Chile

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zepeda ◽  
F. Galleguillos ◽  
V. Urtuvia ◽  
J. Molina ◽  
Cecilia Demergasso
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Cellular Density ◽  
Irrigation Period ◽  
Card Fish

The study of microbial populations of biohydrometallurgic processes is generally more focused on the solutions involved than on the minerals. This is mainly due to complexity and costs associated with taking mineral samples during the leaching cycle. The present study compares the microorganisms in the solutions and the minerals in 1 m test columns and in samples taken from two strips of an industrial heap from the Escondida Copper Mine in Chile. The column test was carried out in six 1 m columns that were operated with similar parameters than the industrial heap. The industrial heap is divided into strips, and samples were collected from Strip 1 (after the end of the operation) and from Strip 9 (during the irrigation period). To analyze the bacterial population Real-Time PCR and CARD-FISH techniques were used. From the results of the column leaching tests a slightly greater cellular density was observed for the mineral than the solution, when the total bacterial count was considered. In both types of samples the predominant microorganisms were Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans D2 and Leptospirillum ferriphilum. In the samples from the industrial heap A. ferrooxidans predominated at the start of operation and A.thiooxidans at the end of the leach cycle.

COUNTING TOTAL BACTERIA IN LAND ORGANIC WASTE HOUSEHOLD AND LAND INORGANIC WITH TOTAL PLATE COUNT METHOD (TPC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Ekamaida Ekamaida
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Bacteria

The soil fertility aspect is characterized by the good biological properties of the soil. One important element of the soil biological properties is the bacterial population present in it. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology University of Malikussaleh in the May until June 2016. This study aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in soil organic and inorganic so that can be used as an indicator to know the level of soil fertility. Data analysis was done by T-Test that is by comparing the mean of observation parameter to each soil sample. The sampling method used is a composite method, which combines 9 of soil samples taken from 9 sample points on the same plot diagonally both on organic soil and inorganic soil. The results showed the highest bacterial population was found in total organic soil cfu 180500000 and total inorganic soil cfu 62.500.000

scholarly journals Microbiological Effect of Essential Oils in Combination with Subgingival Ultrasonic Instrumentation and Mouth Rinsing in Chronic Periodontitis Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Morozumi ◽  
Takehiko Kubota ◽  
Daisuke Abe ◽  
Taro Shimizu ◽  
Kaname Nohno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Deep Pockets ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
Total Bacteria

Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control, saline, and essential oil-containing antiseptic (EO). Subgingival plaque was collected from a total of 90 pockets across all subjects. Subsequently, subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation (SUI) was performed by using EO or saline as the irrigation agent. After continuous mouth rinsing at home with EO or saline for 7 days, subgingival plaques were sampled again. Periodontopathic bacteria were quantified using the modified Invader PLUS assay. The total bacterial count in shallow pockets (probing pocket depth (PPD) = 4-5 mm) was significantly reduced in both saline (P<0.05) and EO groups (P<0.01). The total bacterial count (P<0.05) andPorphyromonas gingivalis(P<0.01) andTannerella forsythia(P<0.05) count in deep pockets (PPD≥6 mm) were significantly reduced only in the EO group. In comparisons of the change ratio relative to baseline value of total bacteria counts across categories, both the saline and EO groups for PPD 4-5 mm and the EO group for PPD 6 mm showed a significantly low ratio (P<0.05). The adjunctive use of EO may be effective in reducing subgingival bacterial counts in both shallow and deep pockets. This trial is registered with UMIN Clinical Trials RegistryUMIN000007484.

scholarly journals Milk hygiene in small ruminants: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e05R02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gonzalo
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Bacterial Counts

Somatic cell count (SCC), mammary pathogens prevalence, total and specific bacterial counts, antimicrobial residues, macroscopic sediment, water addition, aflatoxins and other contaminants constitute the basis for milk payment-schemes, monitoring and improvement of flock hygiene and health management, and development of analytical surveillance programs in the dairy small ruminants. The present work reviews factors influencing the variation of these variables, including milk analytical methods, storage and preservation, along with management implications during the last two decades. Following farmer and cooperative educational programs, progressive reductions have been reported for total bacterial count and antimicrobial residue occurrence in bulk tank milk. These results were consistent, however, with high values for SCC and specific bacterial populations. Thus, mastitis control programs should be intensified to increase hygiene in milk and economic returns for producers and processors. In addition, the implementation of programs to reduce specific bacterial counts (i.e., psychrotrophs, coliforms, Clostridium spp. spores) and mammary pathogen prevalence (i.e., Staph. aureus, Mycoplasma spp.), as well as the use of combined screening methods for an increased rate of antimicrobial detection, are currently required strategies which are positively valuated by milk processors, industry and consumers. Other contaminants may also be present, but cost-effective screening and analytical systems have not yet been implemented. This review aims to be helpful for troubleshooting milk quality and safety, developing future premium payment systems and industry quality-standards, optimizing management, on-farm risk traceability systems and consumer acceptance.

scholarly journals Impact of Inoculant Sources on Feed in Vitro Fermentability and Digestibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
A K Agustina A K Agustina ◽  
D Evvyernie ◽  
Rika Zahera ◽  
I G Permana ◽  
Toto Toharmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The aim of this research is to compare alternative inoculant source for in vitro rumen fermentation. In the first experiment, inoculant from fistulated cattle kept in LIPI and IPB (Fis1 and Fis2) and inoculant from Bogor municipality abattoir and IPB abattoir (Abo1 and Abo2) were tested for their pH, total bacterial count, and protozoal number using a complete block design with four replications. In the second experiment, the effect of the inoculant sources was tested on cornmeal (F1), soybean oil meal (F2), Napier grass (F3), and dairy cattle complete ration (F4) fermentability and digestibility including pH, VFA, NH3, IVDMD and IVOMD parameters. The results showed an unsignificant different protozoal number among inoculant sources. The pH of Fis2 rumen liquor was significantly lower (p<0.05) than others. The bacterial population was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Fis2 and Abo2 than Abo1, and Fis1. The inoculant pH after feed fermentability was not influenced by feed type but inoculant source with Fis1 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than Fis2, Abo2, and Abo1. The ammonia, VFA concentration, IVDMD, and IVOMD were influenced by interaction between inoculant sources and feed types. Although inoculant from cattle close to the laboratory (Fis2 and Abo2) were better in term of higher bacterial population, higher fermentability and digestibility for most type of feeds but other sources can be used in vitro study without differences in average fermentability and digestibility results. Key words:        abattoir, fermentability, fistula, inoculant, in vitro

Comparison of bacterial populations in bedding material, on teat ends, and in milk of cows housed in compost bedded pack barns

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Albino ◽  
J. L. Taraba ◽  
M. I. Marcondes ◽  
E. A. Eckelkamp ◽  
J. M. Bewley
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Total Bacteria

The objective of this study was to observe relationships among somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteria counts in milk, on teat ends of lactating cows, and in compost samples from the aerated layer of the compost bedded pack. Twenty-nine lactating cows were used in this study. Clinically mastitis cows were not selected for the trial. The correlation between total bacteria count (TBC) and Streptococcus spp. of teat end and hygiene score was (r = 0.49) and (0.44, P = 0.01), respectively. In addition, there was a positive correlation (0.40, P = 0.03) between TBC on teat ends and somatic cell score. When analysing bacterial populations on teat ends and in milk, there was a positive correlation (0.39, P = 0.03) between Escherichia coli at the teat end and coliform counts in milk and also a positive correlation (0.38, P = 0.04) between coliform counts at the teat end and milk. Furthermore, Streptococcus spp. counts on teat end were positively correlated (0.38, P = 0.04) with TBC in milk. Although correlations were observed between hygiene score and SCC with bacterial population, all correlations were moderate. Therefore, hygiene score was not an efficient tool to estimate bacterial populations on teat end and milk.

scholarly journals Relationship between Oral Malodor and the Global Composition of Indigenous Bacterial Populations in Saliva

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2806-2814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Takeshita ◽  
Nao Suzuki ◽  
Yoshio Nakano ◽  
Yoshihiro Shimazaki ◽  
Masahiro Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Two Parameters

ABSTRACT Oral malodor develops mostly from the metabolic activities of indigenous bacterial populations within the oral cavity, but whether healthy or oral malodor-related patterns of the global bacterial composition exist remains unclear. In this study, the bacterial compositions in the saliva of 240 subjects complaining of oral malodor were divided into groups based on terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiles using hierarchical cluster analysis, and the patterns of the microbial community composition of those exhibiting higher and lower malodor were explored. Four types of bacterial community compositions were detected (clusters I, II, III, and IV). Two parameters for measuring oral malodor intensity (the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air and the organoleptic score) were noticeably lower in cluster I than in the other clusters. Using multivariate analysis, the differences in the levels of oral malodor were significant after adjustment for potential confounding factors such as total bacterial count, mean periodontal pocket depth, and tongue coating score (P < 0.001). Among the four clusters with different proportions of indigenous members, the T-RFLP profiles of cluster I were implicated as the bacterial populations with higher proportions of Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Rothia, and Treponema species than those of the other clusters. These results clearly correlate the global composition of indigenous bacterial populations with the severity of oral malodor.

scholarly journals TOTAL BACTERIA AND IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEOLYTIC RUMINAL AND RETICULUM BACTERIA FROM LOCAL KACANG GOAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safika Safika ◽  
Darmawi Darmawi ◽  
Fitria Sari Ramadhani ◽  
Nurhaspika Nurhaspika ◽  
Moliwati Moliwati
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Total Bacteria

This study aimed to calculate the total bacteria and to identify the proteolytic bacteria in rumen and reticulum of local Kacang goat. The samples used were the rumen and reticulum fluids of five goats at abattoirs in Banda Aceh. Isolation of proteolytic bacteria was carried out using skim milk agar with pour plate method and incubated at 39° C for 48 hours. The bacterial colonies morphology was observed and the total bacterial count was recorded. DNA of the widest proteolytic index colony was isolated, amplified, and sequenced. The results showed that the dominant colonies morphology was white with position inside the agar. The average of total proteolytic bacteria in goat rumen fluid and reticulum fluid were 6.416x106 CFU/mL and 2,382x107 CFU/mL, respectively. Isolates with the widest proteolytic index was Ru3 (2.5 mm) in the rumen which homology and phylogenetic tree analysis of 16S rRNA showed 93% sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis, while in reticulum was Re1 (2.0 mm) which has 92% sequence similarity to Tatumella. It is concluded that the number of proteolytic bacteria in reticulum is greater than the number of proteolytic bacteria in the rumen of local kacang goat. Homology analysis in this study proved that the Ru3 and Re1 isolate were probably either a new species or unconfirmed species.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Activity of Cashew Apple (Anacardium Occidentale) Extract Marinade on The Meat Total Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
S. Susanti ◽  
B. E. Setiani ◽  
H. Rizqiati ◽  
D. R. Febriandi ◽  
V. P. Bintoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Cashew Apple Juice ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Cashew Apple ◽  
Total Bacteria

Microbial activities cause physical and functional alteration, which can decrease the quality and shelf life of meat. Inhibiting the bacterial growth becomes a crucial effort to prevent spoilage of meat. Previous studies reported that human pathogen bacterias could be inhibited by using cashew apple juice. It was interested to explore the utilization of cashew apple as marinade solution to suppress the meat bacteria. Current study was aimed to get more insight the effectiveness of cashew apple extract marinade (CAM) as growth inhibitor for spoilage bacteria on beefs and chickens. Results indicated that inhibition zone of 20% CAM were significant higher than 0% CAM on the medium of E. coli, and S. aureus. The pretty high polyphenols content in CAM was considered as an active compound responsible for antibacterial activity. Furthermore, total bacterial count assay showed that 10 to 30% CAM significantly reduced the beef total bacteria in comparison to 0% while 15 % CAM significantly decreased the chicken total bacteria. It was suggested the range of effective level of CAM to reduce the meats bacteria is 10 to 30%. Thus, cashew apple can be a promising natural food preservative in the future, especially for extending the shelf life of meat.

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