MOISTURE CONTENT AND PROCESSING OF CORN FOR PIGS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ground Corn ◽  
High Moisture Corn

Two trials were conducted involving 44 individually fed growing-finishing pigs to evaluate the effect of corn moisture content and method of processing of corn on performance. Digestible energy values of the diets were determined. When pigs had free access to feed and water, those fed high moisture corn consumed less dry matter and gained less rapidly than those fed artificially dried corn. The digestible energy values of diets containing whole corn were less than those of diets containing rolled or ground corn. The gain/feed ratio for diets containing whole corn was lower in the first trial but similar to other diets in the second trial.

scholarly journals PROPIONIC ACID PRESERVATION OF CORN FOR PIGS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. YOUNG ◽  
R. G. BROWN ◽  
B. A. SHARP
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Better Than ◽  
High Moisture Corn

Two trials, involving a total of 144 pigs, were conducted to evaluate the effect of corn moisture content and preservation of corn with propionic acid on performance. Treating of corn containing approximately 76% dry matter with 1.5% w/w of propionic acid and storing in bins open to air resulted in no apparent problems in terms of heating or mold growth during storage. Pigs fed high moisture corn gained at a similar rate and had a feed efficiency equal to or better than pigs fed dry corn (90% dry matter). The addition of propionic acid to corn fed to pigs in groups improved rate of gain. A total of 13 pigs in the two trials died due to hemorrhaging the cause of which is unknown, but death did not appear related to dietary treatment.

The effect on the yields of barley and kale of soil conditions induced by cultivation at high moisture content

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fisher ◽  
P. T. Gooderham ◽  
J. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYAn experiment is described in which plots of a silt loam soil were compacted by ploughing and rotary cultivation when the moisture content was high. Kale and barley were grown on these plots in 2 years.Compaction of the soil was not as great as anticipated, but there were marked reductions due to wet cultivation in the dry-matter yield of kale and the vegetative growth of the young barley. Seed yield of barley was relatively unaffected, although there was a significant reduction due to wet ploughing in one year.The implication of these results for experimentation on the effects of soil structure on crop yield are discussed.

AMMONIA OR UREA TREATMENT OF WHOLE HIGH MOISTURE SHELLED CORN

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
P. McCAUGHEY ◽  
G. K. MACLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Ground Corn

Treatments of high moisture shelled corn were compared in diets containing approximately 60% (dry matter (DM) basis) corn silage. In an initial digestibility trial, treatments were: (1) ensiled, ground; (2) 1.5% (wt/wt) mixture of acetic: propionic acid, whole; (3) 2% (wt/wt DM basis) anhydrous ammonia, whole. Treatments were evaluated with six yearling steers in a double 3 × 3 latin square design. Urea was included in the ensiled and acid-treated corn diets to supply sufficient nitrogen. Ammoniating whole corn resulted in similar starch and energy digestibilities compared to ensiled ground corn. However, a large decrease in starch digestibility occurred with acid-treated whole corn. Digestibility of acid detergent fiber was greater (P < 0.05) with both ammoniated and acid-treated whole than ensiled ground corn. In a feedlot trial, two high moisture corn treatments compared were: (1) ensiled, ground; (2) 3.7% (wt/wt DM basis) urea, whole. Eighty Hereford yearling steers compared the two corn diets each with or without monensin. Temperatures rose steadily within bins plateauing approximately 21/2 wk after storage. The amount of urea that hydrolyzed to ammonia varied depending upon location within bins. A total of 1.4% DM loss occurred during storage. Urea-treatment tended to slightly reduce liveweight gain and feed efficiency. Monensin decreased intake (P < 0.05) and slightly improved feed efficiency (P > 0.05) with both types of corn. Effects of monensin on rumen VFA were similar with both corn diets. Type of corn had no effect on rumen VFA proportions.

AMMONIA OR SULPHUR DIOXIDE TREATMENT OF HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON IN SITU RUMEN DEGRADABILITY AND IN SITU WHOLE-TRACT DIGESTIBILITY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. ROBINSON ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
N Release ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

High-moisture barley (HMB) was ensiled in polyethylene silage bags. Treatments applied to 30% moisture HMB as a percentage of dry matter (DM) were: none, 1% ammonia, 2% ammonia, and 1.5% sulphur dioxide. A fifth treatment was the addition of 1.5% sulphur dioxide to 20% moisture HMB. Barley samples were ruminally incubated to estimate degradability of DM and nitrogen (N). Ruminally incubated bags were also introduced to the duodenal cannulae and collected in feces to estimate true whole-tract digestion. Sulphur dioxide treatment, or moisture content, had no influence on ruminal degradability, with the exception of increased degradation rate of potentially degradable N for 20 vs 30% HMB, or whole-tract true digestion. Ammoniation resulted in net reduction in rate of ruminal DM release due to shift of soluble DM to the potentially degradable fraction, and decrease in the potentially degradable fraction degradation rate. Ammoniation increased barley N content up to 44% with no change in rate of ruminal N release. Whole-tract true DM digestion was higher for ammoniated barley but N digestion was not influenced. Sulphur dioxide appears to offer no advantages beyond grain preservation, whereas ammoniation offers potential by reducting rate of ruminal DM release, and providing a source of slow release nonprotein N, without affecting post-ruminal digestibility. Key words: High-moisture barley, ammonia, sulphur dioxide

scholarly journals Murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal as an additive to elephant grass silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
Cláudia M Serra-Ferreira ◽  
Agatha G Farias-Souza ◽  
Rita C Almeida-Mendonça ◽  
Melany Simões-Souza ◽  
Wagner R L Lopes-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Aerobic Stability

Background: Tropical grasses, such as elephant grass, have high moisture content during its ideal phenological state for silage. High moisture content hinders proper preservation and reduces the nutritive value of silage due to secondary fermentation and production of effluents. Adding feed materials with high dry matter content, such as murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal, is a potential alternative to improve silage yield. Objective: To determine the effects of including murumuru meal (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28%) on the fermentative characteristics, microbiological activity, aerobic stability, and chemical composition of elephant grass silages. Methods: A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates was used. Elephant grass was collected at 60 d of age, minced, and homogenized with murumuru meal. The mass was placed in experimental 15-L silos. The silos were collected and analyzed 45 d later. Results: Effluent production decreased (p<0.05) as the proportions of murumuru meal in silage increased. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed on dry matter recovery. An increase (p<0.05) was observed in dry matter content, a decrease (p<0.05) in the neutral detergent fiber content, and an increase (p<0.05) in the non-fibrous carbohydrate content with the inclusion of murumuru meal. Conclusions: Addition of murumuru meal improves chemical composition and does not affect the fermentative characteristics of elephant grass silage, while it reduces effluent losses. Nevertheless, the inclusion of murumuru meal in the elephant grass silage decreased the time of aerobic stability.

scholarly journals Corn silage rumen undegradable protein content and response of growing calves to rumen undegradable protein supplement1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colton R Oney ◽  
Jana K Gramkow ◽  
F Henry Hilscher ◽  
Galen E Erickson ◽  
Jim C MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Detergent Solution ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract The amount of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) in corn silage and the extent to which it is digested in the small intestine are uncertain. Three studies were conducted to determine RUP content of corn silage, and the effects of supplementing increasing concentrations of RUP on the growing performance of calves fed a corn silage diet. Experiments 1 and 2 used in situ methods to evaluate the RUP content of corn silage. In experiment 1, corn silages harvested at 37% or 42% dry matter (DM) were compared. In experiment 2, dry-rolled corn (89.4% DM) was reconstituted to 75%, 70%, 65%, and 50% DM and ensiled in mini-silos (2,265 cm3) for 30, 90, 180, or 270 d to simulate the corn grain within corn silage, dry-rolled corn is more mature than corn grain harvested in corn silage. Experiment 3 used 60 steers (275 kg initial body weight, SD = 18) in an 83-d growing study to evaluate the effects of supplementing 0.4%, 1.7%, 3.0%, 4.2%, or 5.5% RUP (% of diet DM) on performance. In experiment 1, RUP as a % of DM was not different between the two corn silages (P ≥ 0.12), averaging 0.59% for samples refluxed in a neutral detergent solution (NDS) and 1.8% for samples not refluxed in NDS. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) also did not differ (P ≥ 0.19), averaging 67.4%. In experiment 2, as moisture content of the corn grain increased, DMD increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and RUP content decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01). The DMD increased quadratically (P = 0.02), whereas RUP content decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) as days of ensiling increased. In experiment 3, there were no differences in DM intake (DMI; P ≥ 0.33) among treatments for period 1 (d 1 to 37). However, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) both linearly increased (P &lt; 0.01) as RUP supplement inclusion increased. There were no differences in DMI (P ≥ 0.16), ADG (P ≥ 0.11), or G:F (P ≥ 0.64) in period 2 (d 38 to 83). For the overall growing period (d 1 to 83), a linear increase was observed for ending body weight (P = 0.01), ADG (P &lt; 0.01), and G:F (P &lt; 0.01) as RUP supplement inclusion increased from 0.4% to 5.5% of diet DM. The RUP content of corn silage is lower than previously reported. Data collected suggest the crude protein within corn silage is 13% RUP, and approximately 1/2 is digestible. The moisture content of corn silage at the time of harvest and the amount of time corn silage is stored continually impact protein availability. Supplementing growing calves fed corn silage with RUP will improve performance.

Statistical research on the fate of water in the adult cow. I. Dry cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paquay ◽  
R. De Baere ◽  
A. Lousse
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Total Water Intake

SUMMARYStatistical analyses were carried out on the data obtained, under strictly controlled conditions in metabolism stalls, from 219 adult non-pregnant dry cows fed on seventyone different rations. The authors have calculated and studied the correlations between total water intake, faecal and urinary water losses, absorbed and available water, and the seventy-five other factors which were analysed in each of the seventy-one rations. Total water intake closely correlated with the dry-matter intake and also with the dry-matter content of the diet; forages with high moisture content enhance the total water intake which is also significantly correlated to the intake of nitrogen, fat and some mineral elements.Total water intake closely correlated with the dry-matter intake and also with the dry-matter content of the diet; forages with high moisture content enhance the total water intake which is also significantly correlated to the intake of nitrogen, fat and some mineral elements.Faecal water losses are strongly correlated with the dry-matter intake and on the faecal dry matter. Moisture content of the diet has no significant effect but increasing pentosans and crude-fibre intake enhance the losses.Urinary water excretion is closely related to the amount of absorbed water and to the dry-matter content of the diet; a highly significant correlation also exists between urinary water and urinary nitrogen and potassium. The amount of water excreted in the urine may affect the utilization of digestible nitrogen and potassium.Available water is increased logarithmically when total water intake rises arithmetically. Feeds with high moisture content thus enhance the amount of available water.

scholarly journals Storage of wheat at high moisture

2010 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Laslo Ruska ◽  
Adrian Timar
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Deterioration rates were determined for 15-19% moisture content wheat (Dropia cultivar) stored at constant temperatures.Deterioration rates were determined by measuring germination capacity of the grain and respiration rates of grain. Safe storagetime was defined as the time for germination to decrease to 90%. Safe storage times of 19% m.c. wheat stored at constanttemperatures ranged from 2.5 d at 30 and 35°C to 37 d at 10°C. Deterioration rates of 19% m.c. wheat stored with a step decreasein storage temperatures (35-25, 30-20, 25-20, and 20-15°C) were determined and safe storage times were satisfactorily predicted.Safe storage times of 17% m.c. wheat were 5, 7, and 15 d at 35, 30, and 25°C, respectively. Respiration rates and germinationpercentages of 15 and 16% m.c. wheat stored at 25°C remained constant for 70 d. The respiration rates of 17-19% m.c. wheat at25°C increased while the germination percentages decreased with storage time. Germination dropped from 98 to 92-89% when thedry matter losses were about 0.05% and visible mould occurred when the dry matter losses were about 0.1% in 17-19% m.c.wheat.

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