scholarly journals Utilization of canola and sunflower meals as replacements for soybean meal in a corn silage-based stocker system1

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lourenço ◽  
M. A. Froetschel ◽  
J. R. Segers ◽  
J. J. Tucker ◽  
R. L. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Daily Feeding ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate 3 silage-based stocker diets. In Exp. 1, diets were fed to a total of 276 animals over a period of 3 yr and performance data was collected. In Exp. 2, the same diets were subjected to in vitro digestion for 5 time periods: 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, to evaluate IVDMD, production of fermentation end products, and efficiency of transformation of energy. The experimental diets were similar, except for their protein supplements. They were composed of: 1) 74% corn silage, 15.2% ground ear corn, and 10.8% soybean meal (SBM); 2) 74.4% corn silage, 9.8% ground ear corn, and 15.8% canola meal (CAN); 3) 74.5% corn silage, 9.8% ground ear corn, and 15.7% sunflower meal (SUN). Results from Exp. 1 showed that DMI was similar across all treatments (P = 0.167), but ADG was greater (P = 0.007) for animals fed either SBM or CAN than for animals fed SUN (1.29, 1.28, and 1.20 kg/d, respectively). Both CAN and SUN significantly reduced (P < 0.001) daily feeding cost per animal in comparison to SBM. Exp. 2 revealed that total VFA production was similar for all treatments (P = 0.185), and greatest molar proportions of propionate were observed for SBM and CAN (P = 0.02). Additionally, IVDMD was highest for SBM (P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that most of the evaluated traits followed a quadratic trend for incubation times (P ≤ 0.02). On average, the in vitro technique used in this study was able to account for 97.03% of the caloric transformations suffered by DE throughout the different incubation times. Overall, our findings revealed that although animals receiving SUN had the cheapest daily feeding cost, important traits like ADG and feed conversion rate were negatively affected by this treatment. In contrast, data showed that CAN was an effective replacement for SBM for it maintained similar animal performance while decreasing feed costs. Therefore, from a producer standpoint, CAN is a viable alternative to replace the more costly SBM diet in silage-based stocker operations.

Comparison of lignosulfonate-treated canola meal and soybean meal as rumen undegradable protein supplements for lambs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
K.-J. Cheng ◽  
M. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Experiments

An experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of lignosulfonate (LSO3) treatment on the rumen-undegradable protein (RUDP) value of canola meal (CM) and soybean meal (SM). Canola meal and SM were treated with 7% LSO3 and heated (95 °C) for 1 h. Treated and untreated meals were compared in vitro, in situ and in digestibility and growth experiments using Romanov × Suffolk and Romanov × Dorset lambs. Lambs were fed four barley-based diets [13.5% crude protein (CP)] with one of CM, SM, LSO3-treated CM (LSO3-CM) or LSO3-treated SM (LSO3-SM) as protein supplements. Lignosulfonate treatment increased acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) five-fold in SM and threefold in CM. After 6 h incubation with ruminal fluid, ammonia production from LSO3-treated meals was one-half that from untreated meals. Lignosulfonate treatment reduced (P < 0.01) in situ rates of dry matter (DM) and protein disappearance and the soluble DM and protein fractions for both SM and CM, but not the potentially digestible fractions. No differences in feed conversion or average daily gain (P > 0.05) were found among the treatments. Although LSO3 treatment did not improve the ADG of lambs fed barley-based diets, it increased the RUDP value of SM and CM without adverse effects on digestibility. Key words: Lignosulfonate, canola meal, soybean meal, lamb

The potential of isobutyraldehyde monourea (propanal, 2-methyl-monourea) as a nonprotein nitrogen source for ruminant animals

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-674
Author(s):  
G. W. Mathison ◽  
R. Soofi-Siawash ◽  
M. Worsley
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Ruminant Animals

Experiments were earned out with sheep and in vitro to evaluate isobutyraldehyde monourea (IBMU; propanal-2-methyl-monourea) as a slow-release nitrogen source for ruminant animals. Examination of the compound for carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen composition and infrared, NMR and mass spectral analyses indicated that IBMU was present in significant amounts. Ten sheep were randomly assigned to diets containing bromegrass hay and corn grain and the following nitrogen supplementation treatments: (1) control, (2) urea, (3) soybean meal, (4) canola meal and (5) IBMU, with the protein supplements providing approximately 25% of the nitrogen intake. Similar treatments were also prepared and evaluated in vitro, with the exception that wheat straw rather than bromegrass hay was used in the incubation. The digestibility of nitrogen in the ration containing IBMU was higher (P < 0.05) than its digestibility in the other rations when measurements were conducted with sheep over three 14-d periods. No differences in dry matter (DM) or energy digestibility were detected between the different treatments. The digestible energy content of IBMU was estimated to be greater than 21 MJ kg−1. The digestibilities of DM in vitro after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation were not influenced by the presence of IBMU. No influence of nitrogen supplementation on nitrogen balance was observed, probably because of the high protein content of the control ration (10.6%). IBMU exhibited the characteristics of an ideal slow-release nonprotein nitrogen supplement, since concentrations of rumen ammonia nitrogen did not vary from 0 to 8 h after feeding and ammonia concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) both before feeding and 8 h after feeding when IBMU was fed than when any of the other supplements were fed. The concentration of isobutyric acid averaged 2.6-fold higher when IBMU was fed than when canola meal or soybean meal was fed, confirming that most of the compound was degraded in the rumen. Sheep fed IBMU had lower concentrations of acetic, propionic and butyric acid in the rumen than those fed natural protein supplements. It was unclear whether the decrease in VFA concentration was positive or negative in terms of nutritional value. It was concluded that IBMU exhibited some ideal characteristics for a nonprotein nitrogen supplement for ruminant animals because it was degraded at an optimum rate in the rumen and provided rumen microflora with isobutyric acid. Further experimentation is warranted to determine its usefulness when nitrogen-deficient diets are fed to ruminant animals. Key words: Nonprotein nitrogen, isobutyric acid, isobutyraldehyde, slow-release, isobutyraldehyde monourea, propanal-2-methyl-monourea

Comparison of sweet white lupin seed, canola meal and soybean meal as protein supplements for lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
B. M. Lees ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
Z. J. Xu ◽  
K.-J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Matter Energy

Western-Canadian grown sweet white lupin seed (LS), canola meal (CM) and soybean meal (SM) were compared in situ and in digestibility and feedlot experiments using Romanov × Suffolk lambs. Barley-based (75.5% as fed) diets were isonitrogenous (15.5% crude protein, CP) with LS, CM or SM as protein source. Sunflower hulls were substituted as necessary for protein supplement to ensure the diets were isonitrogenous. The LS used in this trial was relatively low in alkaloids (0.03%), as compared with other lupins, and high in manganese (2347 mg kg−1). In situ, the effective rumen degradability of protein of LS was higher than that of either CM or SM. Rates of DM and protein disappearance were also higher for LS than for CM and SM. Digestibilities of DM organic matter, energy and nitrogen were higher (P < 0.05) in LS than in CM or SM diets, but there were no differences (P > 0.05) among the supplements in digestibilities of starch or NDF. No differences (P > 0.05) were found in feed conversion or DM intake of the three diets. Average daily gain (ADG) of the lambs receiving LS did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of lambs on the other two diets, but lambs on CM had higher ADG (P < 0.05) than lambs on SM. We conclude that LS is comparable to SM and CM as a protein supplement for lambs, provided care is taken to avoid toxic levels of manganese and alkaloids. Key words: Lupin, lamb, protein, canola meal, soybean meal

scholarly journals A Very Low CP Level Reduced Diarrhoea and Productivity in Weaner Pigs, but No Differences between Post-Weaning Diets Including Soybean Meal or Soy Protein Concentrate Were Found

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Julie C. Lynegaard ◽  
Niels J. Kjeldsen ◽  
Julie K. Bache ◽  
Nicolai R. Weber ◽  
Christian F. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Soy Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
And Performance

Soy protein concentrate improves nutrient utilization and growth performance compared to soybean meal, and diets with a low crude protein (CP) level decreases diarrhoea. The objectives were to (1) test a low CP diet based on different soy products, and (2) to test a very-low CP diet (15.1%) with amino acids (AA) on diarrhoea and productivity. A total of 5,635 weaned pigs (~28 days), were assigned to five dietary treatments; PC (positive control): Standard CP levels (192, 189, 191 g/kg CP) with 2500 ppm ZnO; NC (negative control): Same as PC without ZnO; SP (Soy protein concentrate): Low CP levels (176, 174, 191 g/kg CP); SB (Soybean meal): Low CP levels (177, 176, 191 g/kg CP); and XLA (X-low CP + AA): Very low CP levels (154, 151, 191 g/kg CP) with AA. The PC and XLA diets reduced diarrhoea by 41 and 61%, respectively, compared to the NC group, while no difference between SB and SP were observed. The XLA diet reduced feed intake and daily gain compared with PC and NC, where SP, SB, and XLA had a poorer feed conversion compared with PC. Conclusively, the SP and SB low-protein diets did not reduce diarrhoea or growth performance, whereas the XLA diet decreased both diarrhoea and performance.

scholarly journals Feed Efficiency Can Be Sustained in Pigs Fed with Locally Produced Narbon Vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3993
Author(s):  
Emilio Gómez Izquierdo ◽  
Luis Gomez-Raya ◽  
Eduardo de Mercado de la Peña ◽  
Juan José Ciruelos ◽  
Wendy M. Rauw
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Feed Costs

There is an interest in replacing soybean meal with locally produced ingredients in livestock feeds. Narbon vetch is resistant to unfavorable climatic and soil conditions, common pests, and has a favorable nutritional profile. The effect of substitution of soybean meal with 0% (V0), 5% (V5), 10% (V10), and 20% (V20) inclusion of Narbon vetch on growth curve parameters, daily body weight gain (DBWG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and residual feed intake (RFI) was investigated in 47 Duroc × Iberian barrows in 16 periods (a total of 125 d). DFI and DBWG were reduced (p < 0.05) up to four weeks after introduction of the novel feed in V20 and V10. Small, mostly nonsignificant differences existed between treatments in FCE and RFI. However, because of accumulative small differences in feed efficiency between the four diets, pigs in V0 reached the highest BW, and pigs in V20 reached the lowest BW on a similar feed intake. Economic implications of Narbon vetch inclusion depend on the extra amount of feed required and associated feed costs, and on the costs of additional days on-farm required to reach a given slaughter weight.

BIOTIN BIOAVAILABILITY FROM PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS AND CEREAL GRAINS FOR WEANLING PIGS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MISIR ◽  
R. BLAIR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Biological Availability ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Linear Portion ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Cereal Grain

The biological availability of biotin in canola meal (CM), cereal grain, cereal grain plus CM, and soybean meal (SBM) was estimated, using 140 pigs in the 10- to 20-kg weight range. In exp. I, pigs (six/treatment) were individually housed and fed a basal casein-cornstarch diet with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 μg d-biotin kg−1 to generate data for a dose-response curve based on plasma biotin concentration. Other pigs were fed CM, SBM or soyprotein isolate (SPI) included in the diet. In exp. II, pigs were housed in pairs and four pairs were fed diets based on cereal grain or cereal grain plus CM. Results (exp. I) showed a higher correlation between daily biotin intake and plasma biotin (r = 0.835, P < 0.01) than on growth rate (r = 0.627, P < 0.05). The regression for plasma biotin (Y) on biotin intake (X) computed from the linear portion of the curve (i.e., 0-200 μg added biotin kg−1) was[Formula: see text]Biotin bioavailability in various feedstuffs was highest for corn (101.2%), followed by SBM (85.5%), CM (70.9%), and wheat (33.3%), triticale (25.9%), sorghum (25.1%) and barley (24.0%). Key words: Biotin bioavailability, protein supplements, cereal grains, swine

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY MICRONUTRIENT, FAT AND PROTEIN COMPONENTS IN PELLETED FEEDS ON THE INCIDENCE OF SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME AND OTHER TRAITS AMONG MALE BROILER CHICKENS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Protein Components

Three experiments involving 11 600 male broiler chickens sought to determine if the pelleting process affects the dietary micronutrient, fat and protein components to increase the incidence of sudden death syndrome. Processed dietary micronutrient and fat components were not significantly associated with an increase in sudden death syndrome among broiler chickens. In one of the experiments, the incidence of sudden death syndrome was reduced (P < 0.01) when the dietary protein supplements (soybean meal, canola meal and fishmeal) bypassed the pelleting process. Key words: Sudden death syndrome, broiler chickens, feed pelleting, fat, micronutrients, protein supplements

REDUCTION OF β-CONGLYCININ ANTIGENICITY AND RATE OF ACID-PEPSIN PROTEOLYSIS OF PROTEINS IN EXTRUDED OR RUMEN FLUID-TREATED SOYBEAN MEAL

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. MIR ◽  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
B. N. WILKIE ◽  
F. R. VAN DE VOORT
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Milk Replacers

The effect of processing commercial soybean meal (HSBM) by either extrusion (ExSBM) or fermentation with microbes in rumen fluid (FSBM) on rate of protein hydrolysis and the activity of the antigen β-conglycinin was evaluated. Ethanol-extracted soybean meal (EtSBM) and skim milk powder (SMP) were included as positive controls while HSBM was the negative control, with regard to antigen content. The rates of proteolysis were determined by acid pepsin hydrolysis and the activity of β-conglycinin in the soluble fraction of the digestion mixtures at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h of in vitro proteolysis was determined by radial immunodiffusion in agar gel containing antibody specific for the antigen. Susceptibility of FSBM and ExSBM to proteolysis by pepsin was greater than that of EtSBM. β-Conglycinin content was greatest in HSBM (1.0 ± 0.2 g dL−1) and only 0.3 ± 0.03 g dL−1 in ExSBM at the beginning of in vitro digestion. The antigen was not detected in either FSBM or EtSBM, therefore these products could be used in milk replacers for calves. Key words: In vitro pepsin proteolysis, extruded soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, antigen, β-conglycinin

Nutritional evaluation of very low glucosinolate canola meal

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
M. O. Keith ◽  
D. S. Hutcheson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two very low glucosinolate (VLG) canola meals from crop years 1987 and 1988 (CM; 1.66 and 0.53 μmol g−1) and two Tobin CM (B. campestris) (10.71 and 15.62 μmol g−1) were evaluated in experiments with pigs. In exp. 1, 1987 Tobin CM, VLG-CM and soybean meal (SBM) were compared in individually fed meal and pelleted diets. Daily gains from 23 to 57 kg were similar for the CMs (VLG-CM 662 g, Tobin CM 645 g) but lower than those obtained with SBM (730 g; P < 0.01). Daily feed intakes of pigs fed CM were lower than for those fed SBM (P < 0.05). Plasma thyroxine (T4) levels were similar for SBM and VLG-CM and were above those from pigs fed Tobin (P < 0.05) CM. Triiodothyronine (T3) levels were lower for VLG-CM than for SBM (P < 0.05) and the T3 value for Tobin CM was intermediate. Pelleting enhanced T3 (0.70 vs 0.94 ng mL−1) and T4 (50 vs. 60 ng mL−1) levels with all protein supplements (P < 0.01). In exp. 2, similar diets were fed ad libitum. Daily gains for SBM were greater than for Tobin CM (803 vs. 744, P < 0.05) and gains for pigs fed VLG-CM was 774 g. Daily feed intakes were similar (2.01, 1.99 and 1.92 kg). In exp. 3 energy digestibility of 1987 VLG-CM was greater (P < 0.01) than for Tobin CM (75.0 vs 67.4% for 30-kg pigs). Apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein (CP) were 71.9, 71.2 and 71.6 in 16% CP diets. In exp. 4 Tobin and VLG-CMs from 1987 and 1988 crops were compared with SBM and commercial CM using 96 pigs (48M, 48F). Daily gains and feed intakes were similar for the CMs but T3 and T4 values were below those of SBM (P < 0.05). Key words: Canola meal, very low glucosinolate, digestibility, feeding value, pigs

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