LYSINE SUPPLEMENTATION OF GROWER AND FINISHER PIG DIETS BASED ON HIGH PROTEIN BARLEY, WHEAT AND SOYBEAN MEAL OR CANOLA MEAL, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THYROID AND ZINC STATUS

A factorial experiment with four dietary levels of supplemental lysine (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25%), three protein supplements (soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), CM + 50 mg iodinated casein per kg diet), and two sexes of pigs (barrows, gilts) was conducted. Crossbred Lacombe × (Yorkshire × Landrace), specific pathogen-free pigs were randomly allotted at 23 ± 1 kg weight in four replicates to pens of four pigs, individually fed. The pigs were slaughtered at 100 ± 2 kg. The diets were based on barley and wheat (2:1) and were pelleted (4.8 mm diam.). Average daily gain (ADG) responses during the growing period (23–57 kg) to increments of lysine were not significant (P > 0.05) but when ADG was adjusted by regression for variation in feed consumption there was a significant (P < 0.05) linear response (743, 748, 757, 772 g d−1). Feed:gain ratio also showed improvement (P < 0.05): 2.45, 2.44, 2.40, 2.35. Responses to lysine were similar for SBM and CM diets but pigs fed SBM had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than those fed CM (779 vs. 745 g). There was no response to added lysine in the 57–100 kg weight range but pigs fed SBM had greater adjusted ADG than those fed CM (908 vs. 873 g) and better feed:gain ratio (3.33 vs. 3.46). Thyroid status was not affected but iodinated casein improved grower period feed:gain ratio. Carcass quality index was not affected (P > 0.05) by lysine level, protein source, iodinated casein or sex of pig. Pigs fed CM had lower serum zinc than those fed SBM. It was estimated that the addition of 0.25% lysine to diets containing 0.8% lysine resulted in 7% improvement in ADG and efficiency of feed utilization. Key words: Lysine, canola meal, zinc, thyroid, pigs

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Comparison of lignosulfonate-treated canola meal and soybean meal as rumen undegradable protein supplements for lambs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas95-056 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 371-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K. Stanford ◽

T. A. McAllister ◽

Z. Xu ◽

K.-J. Cheng ◽

M. Pickard

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Growth Experiments

An experiment was undertaken to determine the effect of lignosulfonate (LSO3) treatment on the rumen-undegradable protein (RUDP) value of canola meal (CM) and soybean meal (SM). Canola meal and SM were treated with 7% LSO3 and heated (95 °C) for 1 h. Treated and untreated meals were compared in vitro, in situ and in digestibility and growth experiments using Romanov × Suffolk and Romanov × Dorset lambs. Lambs were fed four barley-based diets [13.5% crude protein (CP)] with one of CM, SM, LSO3-treated CM (LSO3-CM) or LSO3-treated SM (LSO3-SM) as protein supplements. Lignosulfonate treatment increased acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) five-fold in SM and threefold in CM. After 6 h incubation with ruminal fluid, ammonia production from LSO3-treated meals was one-half that from untreated meals. Lignosulfonate treatment reduced (P < 0.01) in situ rates of dry matter (DM) and protein disappearance and the soluble DM and protein fractions for both SM and CM, but not the potentially digestible fractions. No differences in feed conversion or average daily gain (P > 0.05) were found among the treatments. Although LSO3 treatment did not improve the ADG of lambs fed barley-based diets, it increased the RUDP value of SM and CM without adverse effects on digestibility. Key words: Lignosulfonate, canola meal, soybean meal, lamb

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Decorticated safflower meal as a protein supplement in diets fed either restrictively or ad libitum to barrow and gilt pigs over 45 kg liveweight

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9740012 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 14 (66) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

KC Williams ◽

PK O'Rourke

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Large White ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Daily Gain

Twenty barrow and twenty gilt Berkshire x Large White pigs were fed barley based diets containing protein supplements of either 13 per cent soybean meal, 9 per cent fishmeal, 14.5 per cent safflower meal plus 0.2 per cent I-lysine mono hydrochloride plus 0.1 per cent methionine or 14.5 per cent safflower meal plus 4.5 per cent fishmeal from 46.4 to 87.0 kg liveweight. All diets were fed individually at a restricted feeding scale. The safflower meal diets were also fed ad libitum. Barrows and gilts fed ad libitum recorded a 65 and 27 per cent improvement respectively in average daily gain and had slightly fatter carcases than those fed comparable diets restrictively. Feed conversion ratio was not significantly affected by level of feeding. Growth and carcase attributes of pigs fed diets restrictively were similar apart from the feed conversion ratio of pigs fed the amino acid supplemented safflower meal diet, which was inferior (P < 0.05) to those fed the soybean meal supplemented diets. Barrows grew faster and produced fatter carcases than gilts, A significant sex x diet interaction occurred from which it was concluded that gilts, but not barrows, could be fed ad libitum without detriment to the quality of the carcase.

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Pengaruh Substitusi Bungkil Kedelai dengan Bungkil Wijen Lokal Terhadap Efisiensi Protein dan Performan Ayam Broiler

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v5i1.4906 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isti Astuti

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Efficiency Ratio ◽

Sesame Meal ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Daily Gain

<div class="Section1">The obyective of this experiment was to study the effect of substitution of soybean meal with local sesame meal on performance and protein effisiency ratio of broiler chicken. One hundred of broiler chickens strain Lohman were allocated in Completely Randomized Design with five replication and four chicken of each. The treatments were P0 : 100% BK+ 0% BWL ; P1 : 90% BK+ 10% BWL ; P2 ; 80% BK+ 20% BWL; P3 : 70% BK+ 30 BWL and P4 : 60% BK+ 40% BWL. Variable measured were feed consumption,average daily gain, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result of this research indicated that treatments were not significant effect to the all variables. Average feed consumption (g/head/d) of: (92,76; 90,13; 90,87; 87,10 dan</div> 89,31) ; average daily gain (g/head/d) of : (47,16; 45,99; 47,03; 45,46 dan 45,76); average of feed conversion of : ( 1,95; 1,97; 1,93; 1,96 dan 1,95) and protein efficiency ratio of : (2,31; 2,27; 2,25; 2,31; dan 2,28) for P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively. It was concluded that 40% of soybean meal could be substituted with local sesame meal in diet of broiler that reared up to 42 days of age. Key words: soybean meal, local sesame meal, performance, efficiency protein, broiler

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Comparison of sweet white lupin seed, canola meal and soybean meal as protein supplements for lambs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas96-033 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 215-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K. Stanford ◽

B. M. Lees ◽

T. A. McAllister ◽

Z. J. Xu ◽

K.-J. Cheng

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

White Lupin ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Lupin Seed ◽

Matter Energy

Western-Canadian grown sweet white lupin seed (LS), canola meal (CM) and soybean meal (SM) were compared in situ and in digestibility and feedlot experiments using Romanov × Suffolk lambs. Barley-based (75.5% as fed) diets were isonitrogenous (15.5% crude protein, CP) with LS, CM or SM as protein source. Sunflower hulls were substituted as necessary for protein supplement to ensure the diets were isonitrogenous. The LS used in this trial was relatively low in alkaloids (0.03%), as compared with other lupins, and high in manganese (2347 mg kg−1). In situ, the effective rumen degradability of protein of LS was higher than that of either CM or SM. Rates of DM and protein disappearance were also higher for LS than for CM and SM. Digestibilities of DM organic matter, energy and nitrogen were higher (P < 0.05) in LS than in CM or SM diets, but there were no differences (P > 0.05) among the supplements in digestibilities of starch or NDF. No differences (P > 0.05) were found in feed conversion or DM intake of the three diets. Average daily gain (ADG) of the lambs receiving LS did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of lambs on the other two diets, but lambs on CM had higher ADG (P < 0.05) than lambs on SM. We conclude that LS is comparable to SM and CM as a protein supplement for lambs, provided care is taken to avoid toxic levels of manganese and alkaloids. Key words: Lupin, lamb, protein, canola meal, soybean meal

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CANOLA MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR 6 TO 20 KILOGRAM PIGS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas86-115 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 1051-1056 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. K. McINTOSH ◽

S. K. BAIDOO ◽

F. X. AHERNE ◽

J. P. BOWLAND

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Animal Fat ◽

Young Pigs ◽

Meal Protein ◽

Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the replacement value of canola meal (CM) for soybean meal (SBM) in isoenergetic isonitrogenous diets for young pigs between 6 and 20 kg liveweight. Diets utilized wheat, barley, oat groats and blended animal fat as energy sources and evaluated CM at levels from 0 to 100% replacement of SBM. Regression analyses of the results of both experiments indicated that for every 1% addition of CM in the diet, there was a corresponding decrease in average daily feed intake (ADF) and average daily gain (ADG) of 4 and 2 g, respectively. Digestibility coefficients of dry matter and nitrogen were not significantly affected by the level of CM in the diet. Key words: Starter pig, canola meal, soybean meal, protein supplement

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FEEDING VALUE FOR PIGS OF CANOLA MEAL DERIVED FROM WESTAR AND TRIAZINE-TOLERANT CULTIVARS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas87-084 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 811-819 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. M. BELL ◽

M. O. KEITH

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Feeding Trial ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Digestible Crude Protein ◽

Pellet Form ◽

Daily Gain

Oil-extracted meals from Westar (WCM) and triazine-tolerant (TCM) canola seed (B. napus) were fed at levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the diet to seven barrows of 35 kg initial weight in digestibility trials conducted in four successive replicates. The digestion coefficients for energy were 66 and 69%, respectively, and for crude protein were 76 and 80%. The corresponding digestible energy values were 13.31 and 13.96 MJ kg−1, respectively, and the digestible crude protein values were 32.6 and 37.5%, indicating that the WCM sample was inferior to the TCM sample. The meals were compared in a feeding trial involving 80 pigs housed in groups of four but fed individually from 23 to 100 kg liveweight. Five protein supplement combinations (soybean meal alone (control) and WCM or TCM replacing 50 or 100% of the soy protein) were tested in barley:wheat (2:1) diets with or without supplemental lysine (0.15–0.18%) and fed in meal or pellet form to male and female pigs. There were no significant differences among meals tested in average daily gain in either the growing (0.74 kg) or the finishing period (0.81 kg) but efficiency of feed utilization during the grower period (23–57 kg) was better with soybean meal diets than with the CM diets. Lysine supplementation improved daily gains from 0.70 to 0.77 kg in the grower period and from 0.79 to 0.83 kg in the finisher period. The corresponding improvements in feed:gain ratios were from 2.89 to 2.66 and from 3.75 to 3.62. Pelleting improved daily gain from 0.75 to 0.80 kg and feed:gain from 3.39 to 3.18, over the 23- to 100-kg weight range. Key words: Canola meal, Westar, triazine-tolerant, pigs, feeding trial

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Pengaruh Substitusi Bungkil Kedelai dengan Bungkil Wijen Lokal Terhadap Efisiensi Protein dan Performan Ayam Broiler

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.5.1.23-30 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Isti Astuti

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Efficiency Ratio ◽

Sesame Meal ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Daily Gain

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A 'protein bank' of Lotus uliginosus cv. Maku as an alternative to conventional protein supplements for weaned lambs grazing on natural pastures during summer and autumn

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an13324 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

L. Piaggio ◽

M. de J. Marichal ◽

A. Pastorín

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Homogeneous Groups ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Natural Pasture ◽

Performance Results ◽

Protein Block ◽

Lotus Uliginosus

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of restricted grazing of an improved natural pasture as an alternative to conventional protein supplements for weaned lambs grazing natural pastures during summer–autumn. Two natural pastures that differed in dry matter allowances were used as basal diets. Sixty Corriedale lambs, 3 months old, were divided into 10 homogeneous groups. For each natural pasture, one group of lambs was randomly assigned to one of the following treatments (at 10 lambs/ha): continuous grazing (control); control + protein block (150 g/lamb. day); control + soybean meal (100 g/lamb. day); control + supplemental protein obtained from grazing for 3 h/day a natural pasture improved with Lotus uliginosus cv. Maku; or same as previous, except that grazing was allowed 1 in 3 days. Performance results (final bodyweight, average daily gain, and difference between initial and final body scores) were analysed as a completely randomised block design with subsampling. Lambs grazing 3 h/day or 1 in 3 days on improved pasture or supplemented with soybean meal showed better (P < 0.05) performance than non-supplemented lambs. Lambs consuming the protein block performed similarly (P > 0.05) to control lambs. The experiment demonstrated that feeding strategies using controlled grazing of natural pastures improved with lotus Maku or soybean meal supplementation are effective to achieve target growth rates of weaned lambs grazing natural pastures in summer–autumn.

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Effects of added dietary salt on pig growth performance1,2

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txy085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 396-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dwight J Shawk ◽

Robert D Goodband ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Steve S Dritz ◽

Joel M DeRouchey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Break Point ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Dietary Salt ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Added Salt

Abstract Three studies evaluated the effects of added dietary salt on growth performance of pigs weighing 7 to 10, 11 to 30, and 27 to 65 kg. In experiment 1, 325 pigs were used with 5 pigs per pen and 13 pens per treatment. Pigs were fed a diet (0.39% Na and 0.78% Cl) for 7 d after weaning, then randomly assigned to diets with either 0, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, or 0.80% added salt for 14 d. All diets were corn-soybean meal-based with 10% dried whey. Calculated Na concentrations were 0.11, 0.19, 0.27, 0.35, and 0.43% and calculated Cl concentrations were 0.23, 0.35, 0.47, 0.59, and 0.70%, respectively. Increasing salt increased (linear, P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F). For ADG, the linear, quadratic polynomial (QP), and broken-line linear (BLL) models were competing with the breakpoint for the BLL at 0.59% salt. For G:F, the BLL reported a breakpoint at 0.33% while the QP indicated maximum G:F at 0.67% added salt. In experiment 2, 300 pigs were used in a 34-d trial with 5 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fed a phase 1 diet (0.50% Na and 0.67% Cl) for 11 d and then a phase 2 diet (0.35% Na and 0.59% Cl) for 14 d. Then pens of pigs were randomly assigned to corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 0.20, 0.35, 0.50, 0.65, or 0.80% added salt. Calculated dietary Na concentration were 0.10, 0.16, 0.22, 0.28, and 0.34% and calculated Cl concentrations were 0.23, 0.32, 0.41, 0.50, and 0.59%, respectively. Overall, ADG and G:F increased (quadratic, P < 0.07) with increasing added salt. For ADG, the QP and BLL had similar fit with the breakpoint for BLL at 0.51% added salt. For G:F, the BLL model predicted a break point at 0.35% added salt. In experiment 3, 1,188 pigs were used in a 44-d study with 27 pigs per pen and 11 pens per treatment. Pens of pigs were randomly assigned to corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 0.10, 0.33, 0.55, or 0.75% added salt. Calculated dietary Na concentrations were 0.10, 0.19, 0.28, and 0.36% and calculated Cl concentrations were 0.23, 0.36, 0.49, and 0.61%, respectively. Overall, there was no evidence to indicate that added salt above 0.10% of the diet affected growth. In conclusion, the BLL models suggested to maximize ADG for 7 to 10 and 11 to 30 kg pigs was 0.59% (0.34% Na and 0.58% Cl) and 0.51% added salt (0.22% Na and 0.42% Cl), respectively. There was no evidence that growth of 27 to 65 kg pigs was improved beyond 0.10% added salt (0.11% Na and 0.26% Cl).

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PENAMBAHAN DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) SEBAGAI “ADDITIVE” DALAM AIR MINUM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER

ZOOTEC ◽

10.35792/zot.39.1.2019.23645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Desben Kogoya ◽

J S Mandey ◽

L J Rumokoy ◽

M N Regar

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Native Chicken ◽

Daily Gain

UTILIZATION OF “GEDI LEAF (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) AS“ADDITIVE” IN DRINKING WATER RELATED TO THE PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN SUPER NATIVE CHICKEN. Research was done to evaluate the performance of Indonesian super native chicken treated with “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) as“Additive” in drinking water. Study was conducted using hundred individuals of the Indonesian super native day old chicken. The juice of “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) was given as in forms of the four treatments as follows, drinking water without “Gedi” leaf as control (P0), drinking water with 10 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P1), drinking water with 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P2), and drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3). Treatments were applied to the birds at 6 weeks old by completely randomized design five replications at each treatment. Data were taken during 5 weeks. Feeds were using 73 percents of commercial feed added by 10 percents of corn and 17 percents of rice bran with nutritional composition of crude protein 19.49 percents, crude fiber 4.66 percents, fat 3.63 percents, Calcium 1.02 percents, Phosphorus 0.66 percents and metabolic energy of 2920 kcal/kg, all given ad libitum. Variables measurement were focused on feed consumption, drinking water consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion. Results showed that drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3) was not significantly different with other treatments for feed and drinking water consumption, except for average daily gain and feed conversion. The treatments of P1 and P2 were not significantly different for average daily gain, but these treatments were higher in average daily gain compared with control (P0). The highest value of feed conversion was obtained at treatment P3 and the lowest value was found at treatment P1. These values indicated that the best feed conversion was treatment P1. Therefore, it can be concluded that juice of “Gedi” leaf can be used as the alternative additive feed in drinking water up to 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water in term of high average daily gain and feed conversion of Indonesian super native chicken. Key words: Drinking water, “Gedi” leaf, Indonesian super native chicken.

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