ETHIONINE SUPPLEMENTATION OF BARLEY DIETS CONTAINING LENTILS (Lens culinaris) OR SOYBEAN MEAL: LIVE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS RESPONSES BY GILTS FED AD LIBITUM

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
R. L. CLIPLEF
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Improved Performance

Barley-based diets, containing 13.3% soybean meal or 40.0% lentils, were fed over the period from 25 to 90 + kg liveweight. Supplementation with 0.1% DL-methionine improved performance and carcass characteristics of lentil-fed pigs to the level of those receiving soybean meal diets. Key words: Pig, barley, lentils, methionine, carcass

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF FIELD PEA (Pisum sativum) SCREENINGS AS FEED FOR MARKET PIGS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-579
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
L. R. NEDEN ◽  
K. MOUNT
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum

Partial or complete replacement of soybean meal by screenings from two cultivars (B.C. Blues, Century) as 0, 11, 22 or 33% of barley diets (16% crude protein) did not reduce growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion or carcass grade of pigs fed ad libitum from 26 to 94 kg liveweight. Key words: Pig, pea, screenings, growth, carcass

Influence of Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase supplementation of wheat and corn based diets on growth performance of pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Van Lunen ◽  
H. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing wheat- and corn-based diets with xylanase on growth performance and FCR of pigs from 10 to 18 wk of age. Seventy-tow castrated male pigs were assigned to pens of two and in a randomized block design to six dietary treatments consisting of diets containing 60% wheat, 40% wheat and 20% corn, and 20% wheat and 40% corn with and without supplementation with xylanase. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Xylanase supplementation improved growth rate and FCR by 9.2 and 5.3%, respectively, regardless of level of wheat and corn inclusion. Key words: Pig, growth, feed enzyme, Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase, wheat, corn

Nutritional evaluation of very low glucosinolate canola meal

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
M. O. Keith ◽  
D. S. Hutcheson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two very low glucosinolate (VLG) canola meals from crop years 1987 and 1988 (CM; 1.66 and 0.53 μmol g−1) and two Tobin CM (B. campestris) (10.71 and 15.62 μmol g−1) were evaluated in experiments with pigs. In exp. 1, 1987 Tobin CM, VLG-CM and soybean meal (SBM) were compared in individually fed meal and pelleted diets. Daily gains from 23 to 57 kg were similar for the CMs (VLG-CM 662 g, Tobin CM 645 g) but lower than those obtained with SBM (730 g; P < 0.01). Daily feed intakes of pigs fed CM were lower than for those fed SBM (P < 0.05). Plasma thyroxine (T4) levels were similar for SBM and VLG-CM and were above those from pigs fed Tobin (P < 0.05) CM. Triiodothyronine (T3) levels were lower for VLG-CM than for SBM (P < 0.05) and the T3 value for Tobin CM was intermediate. Pelleting enhanced T3 (0.70 vs 0.94 ng mL−1) and T4 (50 vs. 60 ng mL−1) levels with all protein supplements (P < 0.01). In exp. 2, similar diets were fed ad libitum. Daily gains for SBM were greater than for Tobin CM (803 vs. 744, P < 0.05) and gains for pigs fed VLG-CM was 774 g. Daily feed intakes were similar (2.01, 1.99 and 1.92 kg). In exp. 3 energy digestibility of 1987 VLG-CM was greater (P < 0.01) than for Tobin CM (75.0 vs 67.4% for 30-kg pigs). Apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein (CP) were 71.9, 71.2 and 71.6 in 16% CP diets. In exp. 4 Tobin and VLG-CMs from 1987 and 1988 crops were compared with SBM and commercial CM using 96 pigs (48M, 48F). Daily gains and feed intakes were similar for the CMs but T3 and T4 values were below those of SBM (P < 0.05). Key words: Canola meal, very low glucosinolate, digestibility, feeding value, pigs

SUPPLEMENTAL COPPER FOR SWINE: GROWTH, DIGESTIBILITY AND CARCASS MEASUREMENTS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Castell ◽  
J. P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Four experiments were conducted with a total of 144 pigs to study the effects on rate of gain, efficiency of feed utilization, digestibility and retention of nutrients and carcass characteristics of adding 0.10% CuSO4∙5H2O to the diets of crossbred pigs, fed ad libitum or restricted to scale, from weaning to market weight. The diets contained either fishmeal or soybean meal as protein supplements and were formulated to contain 14 or 17% protein. For ad libitum-fed pigs, the addition of copper to the diet improved rate of gain by 6.2% and efficiency of feed utilization by 3.8% up to 50 kg liveweight, with a lesser improvement for restricted pigs. The increased gain and reduced feed per kg gain with copper supplements were more apparent when fishmeal rather than soybean meal and a high rather than a low protein level were fed. Rate of gain and efficiency of feed utilization were increased only slightly by copper supplements when the overall growth period to market weight was considered. In digestibility studies, chromium sesquioxide as an indicator and total fecal collection gave comparable results, but digestibility coefficients were higher when the total collection method was used. Energy digestibility and nitrogen digestibility and retention were not consistently influenced by supplemental copper. Metabolizable energy was not altered by supplemental copper in the diet. The carcasses of ad libitum-fed pigs receiving supplemental copper with high protein were generally lower in backfat, and had larger cross-sectional areas of the loin and higher carcass ROP scores, than those receiving no supplemental copper. However, pigs fed ad libitum copper-supplemented diets containing fishmeal yielded a large proportion of carcasses with soft fat. This softer consistency of fat was less apparent in carcasses of pigs fed soybean meal and did not occur at market weight in pigs fed diets restricted to scale.

Effects of trenbolone acetate on swine carcass characteristics and backfat composition

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-972
Author(s):  
M. Martinez ◽  
C. López-Bote ◽  
G. Sancho ◽  
J. Ventanas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Fat Thickness

Twenty-four gilts and 24 barrows were divided into two groups of 12 of each gender. One group was implanted with 300 mg of trenbolone acetate, and the other one was used as a control. Treatment had no effect on fat thickness in gilts but significantly reduced fatness in barrows. The fatty acid composition of the backfat showed a tendency toward greater unsaturation in treated barrows. Key words: Pig, trenbolone acetate, anabolic

scholarly journals Related responses in the live performance and carcass measurements of progeny from sows selected for thinner backfat

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-482
Author(s):  
A. G. Castell ◽  
R. L. Cliplef
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Plot Design

Landrace-sired progeny (B-boars, G-gilts and CM-castrates) were obtained from sows in two Hampshire lines (Control, Select) derived by applying a selection index which had three times the emphasis on backfat reduction than on post-weaning growth to 90 kg. Experiment 1 used 72 pigs from the Generation 1 sows and a split-plot design with line as the main plot and sex-type as the sub-plot. A 16% CP diet was fed, ad libitum, in the 24 pens over the period from 26 to 100 kg liveweight. No significant (P < 0.05) differences in live performance or carcass measurements were found between pigs from the two lines. However, characteristic differences among the sex types were observed, e.g., the slower growth by G, higher intake by CM and superior gain:feed by B. Experiment 2, following the same format with Generation 5 progeny (N = 90 and 30 pens), revealed a difference (P < 0.01) in daily intake (ADI) relative to liveweight (LWT) between Control (ADI = 123 × LWT0.729; R2 = 0.89, P < 0.01) and Select (ADI = 123 × LWT0.716; R2 = 0.84, P < 0.01) pigs. The lack of significant differences for other live and carcass criteria could be explained if the index was favouring individuals with low appetites and reducing the potential for high rates of lean tissue deposition in the Select pigs. Growth of all the pigs from birth to market weight, examined by correlation and regression analyses, suggested that pre-test feeding practices were also limiting the attainment of maximum rates of lean tissue deposition. Key words: Pig, selection index, growth rate, carcass, appetite

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS RESPONSES TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF RAW SOYBEANS (CV. MAPLE AMBER) BY BOARS FED AD LIBITUM FROM 30 TO 95 KILOGRAMS LIVEWEIGHT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
R. L. CLIPLEF
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum

Cull raw soybeans (SB), cv. Maple Amber, containing 17% oil and 36% crude protein (CP), were included as 0, 4.5, 9, 13.5, 18 and 22.5% of barley-based diets formulated to contain 16% CP. The mash diets were fed ad libitum to a total of 53 Landrace boars over the period from 30 to 95 kg average liveweight using a randomized block design with three replicates. Live performance responses to the increase in dietary SB content included a decline in overall growth rate (from 830 to 639 g d−1, P < 0.01) and efficiency of feed conversion (from 333 to 269 g gain per kg feed, P < 0.01). Post-kill measurements indicated an effect of dietary SB level on side weight (from 46 to 43% of carcass, P < 0.01), liver weight (from 24.8 to 28.2 g kg−1 warm carcass, P < 0.01) and areas of lean in the loin cross-section (from 31 to 26 cm2, P < 0.01) and ham face (from 137 to 121 cm2, P < 0.01) for pigs fed 0 and 22.5% SB diets, respectively. Analyses of samples of longissimus dorsi revealed a reduction in CP content (from 22.9 to 21.5%, P < 0.01) and increase in moisture content (from 74.4 to 75.4%, P < 0.05) for pigs fed the highest SB level compared to the control pigs. Iodine absorption numbers of the outer backfat layer increased, from 58 to 70 (P < 0.01), with the SB level fed. Sensory evaluation revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in incidence of off-flavor in loin roasts from boars fed diets containing more than 9% SB. The overall results suggested that a diet containing up to 5% SB would be unlikely to adversely affect performance or carcass merit of growing-finishing pigs. Key words: Pig, soybeans, live performance, carcass criteria, meat quality

scholarly journals RAW SOYBEANS IN SWINE GROWING–FINISHING RATIONS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Young
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Supplemental Protein ◽  
Finisher Diets

Two trials involving a total of 120 Yorkshire SPF swine were conducted to evaluate the effect on live performance and carcass characteristics of replacing supplemental protein from 44% soybean meal (SM) with that from raw ground soybeans (RGS). Levels of 10.80, 16.45 and 22.15% RGS in the grower diets caused slower growth rates and reduced feed efficiency compared with those of pigs that did not receive RGS in their diets (P < 0.05). Although the results were not as consistent as in the grower phase, levels of 11.25 and 15.15% RGS in the finisher diets caused slower growth rate. Pelleting of a diet containing 3.65% RGS resulted in improved feed efficiency compared with that of the same diet unpelleted, when fed in the grower phase (P < 0.05). The area of the loin eye muscle tended to become smaller as the level of RGS in the diet increased. Treatment had no consistent effect on the other measures of carcass quality studied.

AVAILABLE SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN CANOLA AND SOYBEAN MEAL

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
S. LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Sodium Supplementation

Two experiments were conducted to study the available sodium and potassium in canola- and soybean-meal-based diets containing no supplemental salt. A response in weight gain and feed: gain ratio was noted when potassium was added to soybean meal basal diets, but not when added to a 20% canola meal diet. This response depended upon the level of sodium supplementation. Supplementation of a soybean meal diet with up to 0.08% sodium resulted in improved performance of broiler chicks; however, only 0.06% sodium supplementation was required with a 20% canola meal diet to obtain a similar response. Calculations suggest that the availability of sodium in soybean meal is less than that found in Canola meal. Key words: canola meal, sodium and potassium

QUALITÉ DES CARCASSES DES TAURILLONS HOLSTEIN ALIMENTÉS À DEUX NIVEAUX D'ORGE EN PÉRIODE DE FINITION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-858
Author(s):  
S. A. POMMIER ◽  
P. M. FLIPOT ◽  
G. LALANDE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Feeding Systems

We studied the effects of two levels of barley in the finishing period on the carcass characteristics of 129 Holstein bulls reared on different feeding systems. Greater fat thickness (P < 0.05) was associated with higher barley levels in the finishing period. Animals fed barley ad libitum produced a greater proportion of grade A1 and B1 carcasses compared to animals fed only 5 kg of barley (28.0 and 48.0% vs. 12.0 and 37.0%, respectively, P < 0.05). Key words: Carcass, Holstein bulls, energy levels, barley, management

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