crossbred pigs
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

278
(FIVE YEARS 74)

H-INDEX

25
(FIVE YEARS 3)

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Supamit Mekchay ◽  
Nanthana Pothakam ◽  
Worrarak Norseeda ◽  
Pantaporn Supakankul ◽  
Tawatchai Teltathum ◽  
...  

Interferon-alpha-16 (IFNA16) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 (TNFRSF19) are cytokines that may play a role in adipogenesis and fatness. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the porcine IFNA16 and TNFRSF19 genes were verified and their association with intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition were evaluated in commercial crossbred pigs. Two non-synonymous SNPs of the porcine IFNA16 c.413G > A and TNFRSF19 c.860G > C loci were detected in commercial crossbred pigs. The porcine IFNA16 c.413G >A polymorphism was significantly associated with stearic acid, total saturated FAs (SFAs), and the ratio of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) to SFAs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the porcine TNFRSF19 c.860G > C polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with IMF content and arachidic acid levels (p < 0.05). The results revealed that porcine IFNA16 and TNFRSF19 polymorphisms are related to IMF content and/or FA composition and affirmed the importance of these cytokine genes as potential candidate genes for lipid deposition and FA composition in the muscle tissue of pigs.


Author(s):  
V. A. Bekenev ◽  
V. I. Frolova ◽  
I. V. Bolshakova ◽  
Yu. V. Frolova ◽  
V. S. Deeva ◽  
...  

   The authors presented the results of experimental studies on the stress-resistant of pigs. The first group is a breed created in Sapphire Ltd. This breed is a breeding group (BG) in purebred breeding and their mixtures in two- and three-breed combinations with Landrace (L) and Duroc (D) boars under conditions of industrial farm technology in Siberia. Two methods assessed stress-resistant of piglets of different breed groups. The first method is “weaning crisis”. The second method is a com-parison of cortisol levels in the blood. Three-breed weanling piglets (SGxL)xD turned out to be the most stress-sensitive. Stress-resistant piglets had an effect on their growth during the rearing period. During this period, stress-resistant animals of all breed combinations had higher average daily gain than stress-sensitive animals (P < 0.001). Stress-resistant animals of the breeding group (SG) showed an average daily growth of 547.5 g during the fattening period. Also, the stress-resistant animals of the breeding group reliably surpassed the stress-sensitive pigs by 461.4 g (P < 0.01), the two-breed pigs by 455.9 g and 404.7 g and the three-breed pigs 451.8 g and 419.2 g, respectively. There was a statistically significant advantage in the indices of the average daily gain among the purebred young-sters of the breeding group (SG) (543 g) compared to the two-breed pigs (447g) and the three-breed pigs (402g), i. e., by 17.8 % and 26 % at P < 0.001. The authors found that the EAAcr/- genotype in stress-sensitive pigs was more common than EAA-/(0.71 ± 0.07 vs 0.48 ± 0.09). Stress-resistant pigs of the breeding group (SG) with EAE edg/edf blood group genotypes were characterized by increased growth intensity and reliable superiority over stress-sensitive pigs. The authors believe that these genotypes can be accepted as preliminary candidates for genetic markers of stress resistant. Blood cortisol levels appeared to be unrelated to stress-resistant compared to the “weaning crisis” method. This relationship (blood cortisol level with stress-resistant) applies to all studied breed combinations, both individually and as a whole.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjiang Tang ◽  
Liangzhi Zhang ◽  
Chao Fan ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Haibo Fu ◽  
...  

Several studies have shown that dietary fiber can significantly alter the composition and structure of the gut bacterial community in humans and mammals. However, few researches have been conducted on the dynamics of the bacterial community assembly across different graded levels of dietary fiber in different gut regions. To address this, 24 Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to four experimental chows comprising graded levels of dietary fiber. Results showed that the α-and β-diversity of the bacterial community was significantly different between the cecum and the jejunum. Adding fiber to the chow significantly increased the α-diversity of the bacterial community in the jejunum and cecum, while the β-diversity decreased. The complexity of the bacterial network increased with the increase of dietary fiber in jejunal content samples, while it decreased in cecal content samples. Furthermore, we found that stochastic processes governed the bacterial community assembly of low and medium dietary fiber groups of jejunal content samples, while deterministic processes dominated the high fiber group. In addition, deterministic processes dominated all cecal content samples. Taken together, the variation of gut community composition and structure in response to dietary fiber was distinct in different gut regions, and the dynamics of bacterial community assembly across the graded levels of dietary fiber in different gut regions was also distinct. These findings enhanced our knowledge on the bacterial community assembly processes in gut ecosystems of livestock.


animal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 100408
Author(s):  
M. Muñoz ◽  
M.A. Fernández-Barroso ◽  
A. López-García ◽  
C. Caraballo ◽  
Y. Nuñez ◽  
...  

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3342
Author(s):  
Anna Milczarek

The study aimed to determine the impact of a 60% inclusion of naked oats in feed rations for Pulawska pigs and Pulawska x Polish Large White (PLW) crossbreds on the fattening performance, carcass composition, and meat quality. It was demonstrated that—independent from their diet—Pulawska pigs showed a daily weight gain about 14.5% lower (p ≤ 0.05), with about 15% higher feed conversion rate. The experimental factors showed no impact on the dressing percentage, meatiness, and backfat thickness, except that the “eye” of the loin was significantly smaller (by 4.55 cm2) in Pulawska pigs. There was no interaction effect (diet/breed) for the pigs’ performance results and carcass composition. A 60% inclusion of naked oats in the pigs’ diet did not affect the weight of primal cuts in the right-side half-carcass. Compared to Pulawska pigs, crossbreds featured a significantly lower weight of bacon and ribs (by 1.17 kg) but a higher (p ≤ 0.05) weight of fillet (by 1.0 kg) and ham with shin (by 0.43 kg). The diet had no impact on the evaluated muscles, except a reduction (by 2.3 points) in colour lightness (L) of musculus semimembranosus in fattening pigs receiving feed rations with a 60% share of oats. Both muscles in Pulawska pigs showed significantly better (p ≤ 0.05) water-holding capacity and reduced colour lightness (L) in comparison to crossbred pigs. Moreover, the longissimus lumborum muscle of Pulawska pigs had a higher chroma (C) and a lower hue (H). The contents of essential nutrients in the evaluated muscles did not depend on the pigs’ diet and breed, except that a higher by 0.3% (p ≤ 0.05) intramuscular fat content was found in the longissimus lumborum muscle of Pulawska pigs. Neither of the experimental factors showed significant impact on the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), or on neutral or hypocholesterolemic (DFA) and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (OFA) in the evaluated muscles. The muscles of Pulawska x PLW pigs contained more (by 1.77% FA in the longissimus lumborum and 1.16% in the semimembranosus) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than the muscles of the Pulawska breed (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, naked oats included in the pigs’ diet increased (p ≤ 0.05) the share of PUFA in intramuscular fat. The muscles of Pulawska pigs, in comparison to the muscles of crossbreds, showed a significantly improved ratio: by 66% and 69% in the longissimus lumborum and the semimembranosus muscles, respectively. To sum up, a 60% inclusion of naked oats is recommended in the rations of both Pulawska pigs and Pulawska x PLW crossbreds, since it allows satisfactory carcass composition and meat quality to be maintained. Pulawska pigs had worse productivity ratios but showed improved meat quality traits in terms of the n-6/n-3 ratio.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3303
Author(s):  
Vinícius Eduardo Moreira ◽  
Renata Veroneze ◽  
Alípio dos Reis Teixeira ◽  
Lorena Duarte Campos ◽  
Lais Fernanda Lopes Lino ◽  
...  

The study aimed at evaluating the effects of high ambient temperature (HT: 30 °C) on the thermoregulatory responses and performance of commercial and Piau crossbred (Brazilian Piau breed sires × commercial genotype dams) growing pigs. Commercial and Piau crossbred pigs were reared under thermoneutral (TN: 22 °C) or HT conditions during a 14-day experimental period. Feeding (daily) and animals (beginning and end) were weighted to obtain performance parameters. Skin and rectal temperatures, respiratory rate, and blood parameters were also measured. At the end of the trial (day 15), the animal’s backfat thickness (BF) and loin eye area (LEA) were measured. No interaction (p > 0.05) between the genetic group and ambient temperature was observed for any performance trait. Irrespective of ambient temperature, Piau crossbred pigs had a similar feed intake (ADFI, 2615 g/day, on average; p > 0.05), lower daily weight gain (ADG, −234 g/day; p < 0.01), and a higher feed conversion ratio (FCR, +0.675 g/g; p < 0.01). There was interaction (p = 0.01) between genotype and ambient temperature for the LEA that decreased significantly in response to HT in commercial pigs (−6.88 cm2) and did not differ in response to ambient temperature in Piau crossbred pigs (29.14 cm2, on average; p > 0.05). Piau crossbred pigs had greater BF (+7.2 mm; p < 0.01) than commercial pigs. Regardless of the genetic group, exposure of pigs to HT resulted in decreased ADFI (−372 g/day; p < 0.01), ADG (−185 g/day; p < 0.01), and a higher FCR (+0.48 g/g; p = 0.01). Ambient temperature did not affect lipid deposition. Pigs at HT had an increased respiratory rate (+38 bpm; p < 0.01) and a long-lasting increase in skin and rectal temperatures compared to TN pigs. Total concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were not affected by ambient temperature in commercial pigs, whereas Piau crossbred pigs kept at 30 °C had a transient decrease in both hormones at day 2 (p < 0.01). Serum cortisol concentrations were not affected (p > 0.05) by genotype nor ambient temperature. In summary, Piau crossbred pigs had lower efficiency using nutrients for growth in association with increased lipid deposition when compared to commercial pigs. In response to HT, commercial pigs had a decreased LEA, whereas no effect was observed for Piau crossbred pigs. Apart from that, commercial and Piau crossbred pigs had a similar magnitude of thermoregulatory responses activation in response to HT, evidencing their innate survival-oriented function.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
Chloe DeGiorgio ◽  
Sarah Elefson ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann ◽  
James C Matthews

Abstract The effect of developmental age (d) on expression of genes responsible for hepatic glycogen (GLY) synthesis and degradation, glucose flux, and GLY content, was determined in crossbred pigs euthanized (n = 6) at birth (d 0, pre-suckle), 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d. Liver GLY content and relative abundance of mRNA (RT-PCR) was determined. The relative content of liver mRNA was determined in 2 experiments, d 0, 1, 3, 7 (Experiment 1) and d 0, 1, 7, 14, 21 (Experiment 2). Within each experiment, data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS. Fisher’s protected LSD procedure was used to separate treatment means. Day 0 (76.0) GLY content (mg/g) decreased (P &lt; 0.01) 82% from d 0 to d 1, increased (P &lt; 0.05) from d 1 (13.8) through d 14 (28.4), and did not differ (P = 0.07) between d 1 and 21. In Experiment 1, mRNA content of GLY synthesis proteins GYG1 and GYS1 was greatest (P &lt; 0.01) at d 3 and 7; and 1 and 3; respectively, whereas mRNA content of GLY degrading proteins PGM1, PGM2, and PGM5 was greatest (P ≤ 0.01) at d 1; d 0; and d 1 and 7; respectively. In Experiment 2, mRNA content of GLY synthesis proteins GBE1 and GYS1 was greatest (P &lt; 0.01) at d 0 and 21; and d 1 and 21; respectively, whereas mRNA content of GLY degrading proteins AGL, PGM2, PGM2L, and PGM5 was greatest (P &lt; 0.01) at d 21; d 0; d 7, 14, and 21; and d 14 and 21; respectively. Glucose transporter SGLT1 mRNA content was greatest (P &lt; 0.01) at d 14 and 21. These findings indicate that the pattern of mRNA content of key hepatic GLY degradation and synthesis proteins was consistent with GLY content of suckling pigs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Mary Kate Hollifield ◽  
Daniela Lourenco ◽  
Shogo Tsuruta ◽  
Matias Bermann ◽  
Jeremy T Howard ◽  
...  

Abstract It is of interest to evaluate crossbred pigs for hot carcass weight (HCW) and birth weight (BW); however, obtaining a HCW record is dependent on livability (LIV) and retained tag (RT). The purpose of this study is to analyze how HCW evaluations are affected when herd removal and missing identification are included in the model and examine if accounting for the reasons for missing traits improves the accuracy of predicting breeding values. Pedigree information was available for 1,965,077 purebred and crossbred animals. Records for 503,716 commercial three-way crossbred terminal animals from 2014 to 2019 were provided by Smithfield Premium Genetics. Two pedigree-based models were compared; model 1 (M1) was a threshold-linear model with all four traits (BW, HCW, RT, and LIV), and model 2 (M2) was a linear model including only BW and HCW. The fixed effects used in the model were contemporary group, sex, age at harvest (for HCW only), and dam parity. The random effects included direct additive genetic and random litter effects. Accuracy, dispersion, bias, and Pearson correlations were estimated using the linear regression method. The heritabilities were 0.11, 0.07, 0.02, and 0.04 for BW, HCW, RT, and LIV, respectively, with standard errors less than 0.01. No difference was observed in heritabilities or accuracies for BW and HCW between M1 and M2. Accuracies were 0.33, 0.37, 0.19, and 0.23 for BW, HCW, RT, and LIV respectively. The genetic correlation between BW and RT was 0.34 ± 0.03, and between BW and LIV was 0.56 ± 0.03. The positive and moderate genetic correlations between BW and other traits imply a heavier BW resulted in a higher probability of surviving to harvest. Despite the heritable and correlated aspects of RT and LIV, results imply no major differences between M1 and M2; hence, it is unnecessary to include these traits in classical models for BW and HCW.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Yvette Steyn ◽  
Daniela Lourenco ◽  
Ching-Yi Chen ◽  
Bruno Valente ◽  
Justin W Holl ◽  
...  

Abstract In the pig industry, purebred animals are raised in nucleus herds and selected to produce crossbred progeny for commercial environments. Crossbred and purebred performances are different, correlated traits. All purebreds in a pen are assessed together at the end of a performance test. However, only selected crossbreds are removed (based on visual inspection) and measured at different times, creating many small contemporary groups (CG). This may reduce EBV prediction accuracies. Considering this sequential recording of crossbreds, the objective was to investigate the impact of different CG definitions on genetic parameters and EBV prediction accuracy for crossbred traits. Growth rate (GP) and ultrasound backfat (BFP) records were available for purebreds. Lifetime growth (GX) and backfat (BFX) were recorded on crossbreds. Different CG were tested: CG_all included farm, sex, birth year and birth week, CG_week added slaughter week, and CG_day used slaughter day instead of week. Data of 124,709 crossbreds were used. The purebred phenotypes (62,274 animals) included 3 generations of purebred ancestors of these crossbreds and their CG mates. Variance components for 4-trait models with different CG definitions were estimated with AIREML. Purebred traits’ variance components remained stable across CG definitions and varied slightly for BFX. Additive genetic variances (and heritabilities) for GX fluctuated more: 812±36 (0.28±0.01), 257±15 (0.17±0.01) and 204±13 (0.15±0.01) for CG_all, CG_week, and CG_day, respectively. The predictive ability, linear regression (LR) accuracy, bias, and dispersion of crossbred traits in crossbreds favored CG_day, but correlations with unadjusted phenotypes favored CG_all. In purebreds, CG_all showed the best LR accuracy, while showing small relative differences in bias and dispersion. Different GC scenarios showed no relevant impact on BFX EBV. This study shows that different CG definitions may affect evaluation stability and ranking. Results suggest that ignoring slaughter dates in CG is more appropriate for estimating crossbred trait EBV for purebred animals.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document