COMPARISON OF FORAGE DIGESTION BY CATTLE AND HORSES

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. CYMBALUK
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Two trials compared digestion of Saskatchewan-grown hays by cattle and horses. In the first study, Altai wildrye (Leysum angustus Trin.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermus Leyss.), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), oat hay (Avena sativa L.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceae L.) hays were fed to six beef steers and six crossbred geldings. The second study compared alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) to dehydrated alfalfa pellets. Voluntary dry matter intake (VDMI) of hay by cattle was related to neutral detergent fiber content (R2 = 0.66). No single nutrient reliably predicted VDMI by horses. Cattle and horses had the highest VDMI for bromegrass hay in trial 1. Cattle had similar intakes of dehydrated alfalfa pellets and alfalfa hay, but horses ate 17% more (P < 0.05) hay than pellets. Cattle digested 28–82% more (P < 0.05) fiber from grass hays than horses which may account for their higher dry matter (DM) digestion of these hays. Cattle and horses utilized legume feeds similarly. Energy intakes of all animals exceeded maintenance except for cattle fed reed canarygrass hay. True crude protein digestibility and metabolic fecal protein of forage-fed cattle and horses were estimated at 83.4 and 80.3%, and 2.67 and 2.17 g 100 g−1 DM intake, respectively. Horses had higher true digestibilities of Ca (75%) than P (33%) but cattle digested more P (76%) than Ca (32%). Endogenous fecal Ca excretion for cattle and horses were assessed at 6.5 and 22.1 mg kg−1 body weight (BW), respectively, while endogenous fecal P excretions were 13.3 and 10.2 mg kg−1 BW, respectively. Key words: Horse, cattle, legume, grass, crude protein, fiber

Assessment of yield and quality characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars with different fall dormancy rating

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Avci ◽  
Rüºtü Hatipoglu ◽  
Selahattin Çinar ◽  
Numan Kiliçalp
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fall Dormancy ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

This research was conducted to determine performances of seven alfalfa cultivars with different fall dormancy rates in terms of dry matter yield and some quality parameters under Mediterranean conditions throughout the years of 2007-2009. In the study, cultivars were evaluated for dry matter yield (DMY), leaf/stem ratio (LSR), crude protein (CP) content, crude protein yield (CPY), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestible dry matter (DDM) content and relative feed value (RFV). According to average of two year results, there were significant differences among alfalfa cultivars in terms of all characters studied. Mean DMY, LSR, contents of CP, ADF, NDF, DDM and RFV were determined as 18.147 t ha-1, 0.82, 17.4 %, 41.0 %, 49.0 %, 56.9 % and 114. The highest DMY averaged over two years was obtained from cultivar Nimet while lowest one was obtained from Magnum 5. As a dormant cultivar, Magnum 5 was superior in terms of LSR and CP content to the other alfalfa cultivars and it was lower in ADF and NDF content than the others. It was concluded that cultivar Nimet with the highest DMY and CPY yields can be recommended as a non-dormant cultivar for farmers in regions of Turkey with the Mediterranean climate.

DIGESTIBILITY AND VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF FORAGES FED AS HAY OR WILTED SILAGE TO BEEF STEERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELENE V. PETIT ◽  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
PAUL M. FLIPOT
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Highly Correlated

Thirty-six steers (334 kg avg body wt.) were used to study the nutritive value of alfalfa (cv. Saranac), timothy (cv. Climax) and a mixture of red clover-timothy-Kentucky bluegrass. For 2 wk, the forages were fed ad libitum as either hay or silage. Dry matter (DM) intake was measured during the second week. Digestibility was determined during the fourth week by total collection with DM intake limited to 90% of that obtained previously. DM intake was highest for alfalfa and lowest for the grass mixture (P < 0.05) but was not affected by the method of storage. Total digestible nutrient values were similar for all forages. DM intake was highly correlated with lignocellulose content (r = −0.97, P < 0.01). Digestible protein intake was estimated by an equation previously obtained with sheep (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). Dry matter and energy digestibilities were similar for all treatments. Protein digestibility of alfalfa (67.4%) was higher than for timothy and the grass mixture while the opposite was observed for crude fiber. Comparing silages to hays, silage digestibility of crude fiber was five units higher and that of protein three units lower (P < 0.05). Digestibility of cell constituents was highest for alfalfa and lowest for timothy (70.5% vs 60.9%). Cell wall digestibility was highest for timothy (59.5%) followed by the grass mixture (57.5%) and alfalfa (47.4%). True digestibility of nitrogen was estimated to be 82.7% with a metabolic excretion of 5.74 g of N/kg of DM intake. Summative equations could not predict DM digestibility accurately. Key words: Nutritive value, steer, hay, silage, forage digestibility

scholarly journals Voluntary Intake and Apparent Digestibility of Artificially Dried Stargrass Fed to Holstein Bull Calves

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
J. A. Yazman ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
P. J. Van Soest ◽  
H. Cestero
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of an artificially dried tropical grass, Cynodon nlemfuensis variety nlemfuensis. was evaluated utilizing Holstein bull calves. Two regrowth ages of grass hays, 30 and 45 days, were fed to two groups of four calves each: 16 and 24 weeks old. The grass hays were analyzed for dry matter and crude protein and for fiber fractions according to Goering and Van Soest. There were no significant differences between means for voluntary intake (g/kg body weight (BW)/day) of the chemical constituents for the four calf-hay groups. However, the trend was for higher intake by the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay than by the other three groups. Among the 16- week old calves, there was a higher voluntary intake by those consuming the 45-day hay despite the slightly higher nutritive value of the 30-day hay. When the data were pooled across calf ages, voluntary intake of 30-day hays was greater than for the 45-day ones, although only differences in crude protein intake were significant (P < .05). Pooled across hay ages, voluntary intake by the 24-week old calves was significantly greater (P < .05) than by the 16-week old calves for dry matter and neutral-detergent fiber only, indicating that hay intake was related to reticulo-ruminal capacity. Differences in apparent digestibility were significant (P < .05) only for crude protein with the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay, having a greater coefficient of digestibility than the 16- and 24-week old calves fed the 45-day hay. Crude protein digestibility of the 30-day hays (pooled across calf ages) was significantly greater (P < .05) than that of the 45-day hays. Although not significant for all constituents, the values were higher for the 30-day hay than for the 45-day hay (pooled across calf ages) and for the 24- week old calves than for the 16-week old calves (pooled across hay ages).

scholarly journals High Fiber Cakes from Mediterranean Multipurpose Oilseeds as Protein Sources for Ruminants

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Serrapica ◽  
Felicia Masucci ◽  
Emiliano Raffrenato ◽  
Maura Sannino ◽  
Alessandro Vastolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Alternative Protein

Fifteen oilseed cakes from sunflower, pomegranate, cardoon, tobacco and hemp were characterized with regard to chemical composition, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) fractionation, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and crude protein. All the cakes presented low moisture, rather variable ether extract contents and medium to high levels of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The cakes significantly differed in terms of CNCPS partitioning and in vitro digestibility. Tobacco and hemp cakes presented high contents of slow degradable fractions of crude protein and carbohydrate joined to good post-ruminal protein digestibility. Cardoon cakes presented the highest rumen protein degradability. Based on crude protein content and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein, cakes of tobacco and hemp showed the better potential as alternative protein supplements for ruminants, while pomegranate appears to be the least suitable for ruminant feeding.

FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF CULTIVATED PERENNIAL GRASSES HARVESTED AT THE EARLY HEADING STAGE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. TINGLE ◽  
C. R. ELLIOTT
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Heading Stage

Fifteen grass species harvested at the early heading stage varied in dry matter yield and contents of crude protein, dry matter digestibility, Ca, K, Mg, Zn, Mn and Cu. Each parameter except Mg and Cu concentrations exhibited differences between cultivars within certain of eight species. Only timothy (Phleum pratense L.) had cultivar differences in dry matter digestibility. Crude protein contents varied between cultivars of meadow fescue (Festuca elatior L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Differences between species were greater than between cultivars within species.

scholarly journals Increasing levels of concentrate digestibility, performance and ingestive behavior in lambs

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Nunes PARENTE ◽  
Michelle de Oliveira Maia PARENTE ◽  
Ruan Mourão da Silva GOMES ◽  
Wesclley de Jesus dos Santos SODRÉ ◽  
Miguel Arcanjo MOREIRA FILHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

SUMMARY The objectives of this research were to determine the effects increasing levels of concentrate on nutrients digestibility, performance, economic viability of diets and ingestive behavior of lambs. Fifteen crossbred lambs were used in a randomized complete block design according to initial body weight and age. Lambs were penned individually during 55 days, being 10 days for adaptation of diets and 45 days for data collection. The treatments consisted in three isonitrogenous diets with increasing levels of concentrate: 40, 60, or 80%, in dry matter basis. No effect (P>0.05) were observed on dry matter intake, crude protein intake, crude protein digestibility and neutral detergent fiber digestibility, whereas the dry matter digestibility was lower (P<0.01) for lambs fed diets with 40% of concentrate. The addition of 80% concentrate decreased (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber intake, however this treatment provided higher average daily gain, followed by 60 and 40% of concentrate. In relation to feeding behavior, the animals fed80% concentrate spent more time with feeding (P<0.05) compared to the other treatments. It is concluded that supplementation of concentrate between 60 to 80% improves dry matter digestibility and performance of crossbred lambs without relevant affect dry matter intake and ingestive behavior. A diet with 80% concentrate provides positive gross margin of profit.

scholarly journals Bromus-Poaresponse to defoliation intensity and frequency under three soil moisture levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Donkor ◽  
E. W. Bork ◽  
R. J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Boreal Ecosystems ◽  
The Relationship

Smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) are important herbage for livestock and wildlife in Aspen-Boreal ecosystems in central Alberta, but there is paucity of information on the relationship between soil moisture and defoliation regimes on herbage production in these ecosystems. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated the effect of Bromus-Poa defoliation frequencies (2 or 4 wk) and intensities (2.5, 7.5, or 15 cm above the soil surface) under three soil moisture regimes [field capacity (wet), 50% field capacity (moist), 20% field capacity (dry)] on dry matter (DM) yield. Crude protein (CP) content, crude protein yield (CPY) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were also determined for herbage harvested. Total accumulated shoot DM decreased under defoliation compared to the undefoliated control, was higher if plants were clipped every 4 wk, rather than 2 wk, and increased with increasing soil moisture availability. Defoliation regimes decreased root DM Compared to the undefoliated control. Soil moisture regime did not significantly affect below-ground DM production, but root:shoot ratio increased significantly with decreasing moisture supply. The average CP content of grasses ranged from 12 to 23%, but was adequate to meet crude protein requirements of growing, pregnant or lactating grazing cattle (Bos spp.) The CPY decreased with increasing moisture stress, and was greatest when plants were clipped at a 7.5-cm height. Shoot NDF concentration increased with decreasing clipping frequency. These result indicate the need to investigate the relationship between soil moisture and management practices that affect the productivity of tame pastures in Aspen-Boreal ecosystems. Key words: Bromus inermis, Poa pratensis, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, water

EFFECT OF ONE CYCLE OF DIVERGENT PHENOTYPIC SELECTION FOR CRUDE PROTEIN, DIGESTIBILITY AND DIGESTIBLE YIELD IN TIMOTHY

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SURPRENANT ◽  
R. MICHAUD ◽  
G. ALLARD
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Selection For

A major goal in the breeding of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is to improve its nutritive value. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of one cycle of divergent phenotypic selection for crude protein, digestibility and digestible yield. The progeny of genotypes selected either for high or low crude protein, high or low digestibility, and high or low digestible yield along with a subpopulation representing the unselected original parents were evaluated for dry matter yield and several forage quality characteristics under spaced plant and sward conditions. Under spaced plant conditions significant variation was observed for digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Under sward conditions, significant variation was observed for water retention (WR), ADF and NDF. Under spaced plant conditions, a priori contrasts indicated that one cycle of selection was sufficient to create distinct populations for CP in selecting for CP, for IVDMD and ADF with the IVDMD selection and in 2 out of 3 yr for digestible yield with selection for digestible yield. Evaluation under sward conditions indicated that selection for digestible yield modified CP, WS, ADF, NDF, PV and WR. The results from the evaluation under sward conditions were used to compute different parameters related to potential animal production such as dry matter intake, lactation net energy, energy intake, and different estimates of potential milk production that could be obtained from feeding this hay.Key words: Phleum pratense, timothy, quality, dry matter intake

scholarly journals Digestibility of sweet potato vines in diets for growing rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Ana Klinger ◽  
Diuly Falcone ◽  
Luiza Prates ◽  
Geni Toledo ◽  
Leila Silva
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
By Products

In developing countries, animal production is affected by the dependence on conventional ingredients or by its high cost, for which it is important to research agro-industrial by-products. Therefore, the purpose to this study was to evaluate the digestibility of diets for rabbits with sweet potato vines, in substitution to alfalfa hay. A biological essay was conducted to determine sweet potato vines digestibility, which took 12 days (5 for adaptation and 7 for collecting feces). A total of 27 rabbits received three different diets: reference (0SPV) and the ones with substitution of 10% (10SPV) and 15% (15SPV) of alfalfa hay for sweet potato vines. The coefficients of digestibility of dry matter were 51.47% (0SPV), 52.07% (10SPV) and 57.41% (15SPV); coefficients of digestibility of mineral matter, 15.17% (0SPV), 17.06% (10SPV) and 16.47% (15SPV); coefficients of digestibility of crude protein, 87.51% (0SPV), 84% (10SPV) and 83.79% (15SPV); coefficients of digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, 20.25% (0SPV), 19.65% (10SPV) and 24.48% (15SPV); coefficients of digestibility of acid detergent fiber, 16.06% (0SPV), 16.82% (10SPV) and 22.36% (15SPV). The conclusion is that sweet potato vines can replace at least 15% of alfalfa hay in growing meat rabbits diets.

scholarly journals Silage quality of six sorghum cultivars for sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brena Santos Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Frederico Osório Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Silage Quality

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the silage quality, fermentation profile, intake, and digestibility of six sorghum cultivars for sheep feeding. 'SF 15', 'IPA 2502', 'BRS 655', 'BR 601', 'BRS 506', and 'Sudão' were cultivated in randomized complete block designs with five replicates, harvested, and ensiled when plants reached the soft-dough grain stage. Silage quality was determined in laboratory silos. Intake and apparent digestibility were determined during 22 days, using 24 Santa Inês lambs (35.5±2.21 kg) randomly distributed in the treatments. Silage from 'IPA 2502' had the lowest contents of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber; the highest nonfibrous carbohydrate and total digestible nutrient contents; and the greatest dry matter degradability. Silages from 'BR 601' and 'BRS 506' showed the highest values of crude protein, whereas those of 'SF 15' and 'Sudão' had the highest levels of fibrous fractions. Lambs fed silage from 'IPA 2502' consumed more dry matter and nonfibrous carbohydrates, and their crude protein digestibility was also greater than that from the consumption of other cultivar silages. 'IPA 2502' stands out for its nutritional characteristics, which resulted in better animal performance.

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