Response of growing cattle to supplementation with organically bound or inorganic sources of selenium or yeast cultures

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
R. E. McQueen ◽  
R. S. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Linear Rate ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Holstein Calves

Bioavailability of organically bound and inorganic Se sources differ, the organic form being absorbed more efficiently. Dairy and beef calves (250 kg initial weight) were given a low Se diet alone or supplemented with sodium selenite (1 mg Se d−1; inorganic Se), a Se-enriched yeast (1.5 g yeast d−1 providing 1 mg of Se; organic Se), a live yeast culture (1.5 g d−1) or autoclaved yeast culture (1.5 g d−1). The latter treatments were included to determine the response to yeast per se. There were no treatment effects on rate of weight gain or efficiency of feed conversion by the calves. The Se souces had no effect on digestibility of the diet by sheep. The inorganic Se supplement increased the level of whole blood Se and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity at a linear rate with time up to 3 mo from the start of supplementation. The effect of organic Se was sustained for 4 mo and both indices of Se status in blood were higher (P < 0.01) for calves fed the organic Se than for those fed inorganic Se after 4 mo (124 vs. 96 units of GSH-Px activity g−1 haemoglobin and 141 vs. 102 μg Se L−1 of whole blood). The values near the beginning of the trial were higher (P < 0.01) for Holstein calves than for beef calves but both groups showed the same response to source of Se. Subsequently, levels declined for Holstein and increased for beef calves given diets without supplemental Se. The results showed that Se supplementation for 4 mo had no effect on animal performance; that more than 4 mo are required to fully deplete or replete blood Se and GSH-Px; and, that supplemental organic Se gives higher (P < 0.01) blood Se and GSH-Px activity than does inorganic Se. Key words: Organic selenium, calves, glutathione peroxidase

scholarly journals The effect of yeast culture addition on utility of calves

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Jan Doležal ◽  
Ladislav Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

In the present study, examined was the effect of a yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Strain 47) on performance (especially on daily gains, feed conversion and condition) in an experiment with a group of Holstein calves within the period of plant nutrition. Animals received a diet consisting of 3 kg of good maize silage, 5.5 kg of grass haylage, 1 kg of meadow hay and 1.6 kg of supplementary starter feed mixture ČOT B. The yeast culture was added to the starter in the dose of 1 g.kg–1. This means that each experimental calf received 1.6 g of yeast culture per day. The supplement of yeast culture showed a positive effect on daily gains and on the final body weight of calves; however, the differences were statistically not significant (P>0.05). In control and experimental groups, the mean conversion rates of concentrate were 2.19 kg and 2.13 kg, respectively. There was no difference in feed intake and feed conversion efficiency. The difference in final live body weights of calves in the control and experimental groups was also not significant. However, the condition of calves in the experimental group was much better and the scours were in general less frequent.

Effect of a yeast culture on the performance of early-weaned beef calves

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
S.P Marsh ◽  
W.A.J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Calf Rearing

Artificial rearing is a common practice for rearing calves from the dairy herd destined for beef production or as replacements for the dairy or suckler herds. One of the major expenses with calf rearing is the cost of the milk. Hence emphasis is placed on early weaning of the calf at 5-7 weeks old and encouraging concentrate intake. With increasing consumer concern over the use of antibiotics in feed, there is greater focus on the use of probiotics or yeast cultures to enhance calf performance. Yeast culture is a fermentation product resulting from the inoculation of grains with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its growth media. This yeast culture mash is incubated and dried in a manner that preserves all the metabolites and the fermenting activity of the yeast. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding a yeast culture (YC) on the performance of early-weaned beef calves.

Antibody responses of growing beef cattle fed silage diets with and without selenium supplementation

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
R. S. Bush ◽  
J. G. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Antibody Titers

The relationships between blood Se levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and the ability of cattle to produce antibodies in response to antigen challenges with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and ovalbumin (OA) were examined in a two-phase experiment with yearling beef cattle. There were no treatment effects on weight gains, feed intake or efficiency of feed conversion in either phase. In phase 1, cattle fed the unsupplemented control diet had lower (P ≤ 0.05) blood Se levels and GSH-Px activities by week 8 than cattle fed Se-fertilized forage, but neither was different (P > 0.05) from those of cattle fed Se-enriched yeast or inorganic Se. Antibody titers resulting from injection of SRBC at week 4 of the experiment peaked about 3 wk after injection, then declined. Differences due to Se treatment were small. The same animals were used in phase 2, where half of the animals on each of the four treatments of phase 1 were fed a supplement with Se-enriched yeast and the other half were fed an unsupplemented control. Differences in blood Se levels and GSH-Px activities due to phase-1 treatments persisted throughout phase 2. Differences due to phase-2 treatments were apparent after 9 wk. The cattle were challenged with OA at week 12 and at week 17 with both OA and SRBC. Differences in antibody titer due to Se treatment were small but tended to be higher (P > 0.05) in the Se-supplemented cattle. These results support the suggestion that blood Se levels over 100 μg L−1 are needed to maintain optimum immunocompetence. Key words: Selenium, glutathione peroxidase, immunocompetence, cattle, antibody

scholarly journals Analysis of Bioavailability and Induction of Glutathione Peroxidase by Dietary Nanoelemental, Organic and Inorganic Selenium

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Mitchell T. Ringuet ◽  
Billie Hunne ◽  
Markus Lenz ◽  
David M. Bravo ◽  
John B. Furness
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Enzymatic Assays ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Antioxidant Protein ◽  
Inorganic Selenium ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Gpx Activity

Dietary organic selenium (Se) is commonly utilized to increase formation of selenoproteins, including the major antioxidant protein, glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Inorganic Se salts, such as sodium selenite, are also incorporated into selenoproteins, and there is evidence that nanoelemental Se added to the diet may also be effective. We conducted two trials, the first investigated inorganic Se (selenite), organic Se (L-selenomethionine) and nanoelemental Se, in conventional mice. Their bioavailability and effectiveness to increase GPx activity were examined. The second trial focused on determining the mechanism by which dietary Se is incorporated into tissue, utilising both conventional and germ-free (GF) mice. Mice were fed a diet with minimal Se, 0.018 parts per million (ppm), and diets with Se supplementation, to achieve 0.07, 0.15, 0.3 and 1.7 ppm Se, for 5 weeks (first trial). Mass spectrometry, Western blotting and enzymatic assays were used to investigate bioavailability, protein levels and GPx activity in fresh frozen tissue (liver, ileum, plasma, muscle and feces) from the Se fed animals. Inorganic, organic and nanoelemental Se were all effectively incorporated into tissues. The high Se diet (1.7 ppm) resulted in the highest Se levels in all tissues and plasma, independent of the Se source. Interestingly, despite being ~11 to ~25 times less concentrated than the high Se, the lower Se diets (0.07; 0.15) resulted in comparably high Se levels in liver, ileum and plasma for all Se sources. GPx protein levels and enzyme activity were significantly increased by each diet, relative to control. We hypothesised that bacteria may be a vector for the conversion of nanoelemental Se, perhaps in exchange for S in sulphate metabolising bacteria. We therefore investigated Se incorporation from low sulphate diets and in GF mice. All forms of selenium were bioavailable and similarly significantly increased the antioxidant capability of GPx in the intestine and liver of GF mice and mice with sulphate free diets. Se from nanoelemental Se resulted in similar tissue levels to inorganic and organic sources in germ free mice. Thus, endogenous mechanisms, not dependent on bacteria, reduce nanoelemental Se to the metabolite selenide that is then converted to selenophosphate, synthesised to selenocysteine, and incorporated into selenoproteins. In particular, the similar efficacy of nanoelemental Se in comparison to organic Se in both trials is important in the view of the currently limited cheap sources of Se.

Selenium and Glutathione Peroxidase Levels in Cystic Fibrosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1010-1012
Author(s):  
John D. Lloyd-Still ◽  
Howard E. Ganther
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Selenium Level ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Normal Range

Whole blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase levels were measured in 20 infants and children (aged 6 months to 15 years) with cystic fibrosis. The whole blood selenium concentration in cystic fibrosis was 0.122 ± 0.025 µg/gm. Although the levels of selenium in cystic fibrosis children were below the levels found in a study of healthy children (0.223 ± 0.007 µg/gm), they are comparable to those found in children with phenylketonuria treated dietetically and exceed the blood selenium level of healthy children in New Zealand. Levels of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase in children with cystic fibrosis (0.042 ± 0.007 units/mg Hb) were in the normal range (0.035 ± 0.003 units/mg of Hb). These results do not support the hypothesis that deficiency of selenium is responsible for cystic fibrosis.

Differentiation of Yeast Cultures in Ruminant Feedingstuffs Using a Rapid DNA Fingerprinting Technique

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Moore ◽  
Denis R. Headon
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Genetic Sequences ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Triton X

Research indicates that certain yeast strains are beneficial in their capacity to stimulate key microbial populations. This stimulation is strain specific with similar yeast strains exerting their effect on totally different microbial populations. Future yeast culture supplements may contain mixtures of different strains designed to suit specific diets. This, therefore, requires the development of a rapid sensitive technique to differentiate among taxonomically similar yeast strains in animal diets. This technique, termed the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay, is based upon the use of randomly designed short polynucleotide primers to amplify genetic sequences from the DNA of the desired yeast strain. Our objective involves the development of this technique to distinguish between closely related yeast strains present in feed. The feed sample investigated was a standard cattle ration containing three strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1026, 2045 and 2020) and Candida utilis 3001 at a concentration of 106 CFU/g respectively. Isolation of single colonies of yeast strains present was achieved by feed extraction in dilution buffer followed by plating a series of dilutions on rose-bengal agar. Thirty randomly selected colonies were cultured in YPD (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% glucose) broth for 24 - 30 hours at 30°C. Genomic DNA was isolated from yeast cells by standard methods based on subjection of the cells to vortex mixing in the presence of glass beads, triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulphate, phenol and chloroform. Isolated DNA from randomly selected colonies was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for 45 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 36°C and 1 min at 72°C using randomly designed 10 bp primers.

An Epidemiological Study of a Defined Area of N. Ireland: Whole Blood Glutathione Peroxidase (EC1.11.1.9)

1988 ◽  
pp. 517-518
Author(s):  
Dorothy McMaster ◽  
A. E. Evans ◽  
Evelyn McCrum ◽  
M. McF. Kerr ◽  
C. C. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Whole Blood

Effect of supplementation of a hay and concentrate diet with live yeast culture on the digestibility of nutrients in 2 and 3 year old riding school horses

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
J. Hill ◽  
S. Gutsell
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Concentrate Mix ◽  
Live Yeast

Any method to increase the utilisation of nutrients from feeds given to horses exercised on a regular basis is important. Commercially-available dried yeast cultures, used as supplements to equine diets have been shown to increase the digestibility of gross energy and enhance the retention of N in yearling horses (Glade and Biesik, 1986). There is however, limited information on whether the increase in digestibility of GE or enhancement in retention of N occurs in mature horses (Glade and Campbell-Taylor, 1990). The aim of the research reported here was to determine the effect of a dried live yeast culture on the digestibility of nutrients from a mixed diet given to riding school horses.Six 2 and 3 year old riding school horses (mean live-weight 433 (s.e. 11.1) kg) were allocated to three balanced 2 x 2 Latin squares with two treatments and two periods of 3 weeks. The first 14 days of each period was a preliminary and the last 7 days was for measurement. The horses were housed individually (bedded on saw dust) and given 13.5 kg DM hay and 3.0 kg DM concentrate mix as a base diet. The base diet was either supplemented with 10 g dried yeast culture (S) or not supplemented (N).

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