The effect of microbial phytase in diets for pigs on apparent ileal and faecal digestibility, pH and flow of digesta measurements in growing pigs fed a high-fibre diet

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. M. Bruce ◽  
F. Sundstøl
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Microbial Phytase

The effect of Aspergillus niger phytase on digestibility of some nutrients, pH and flow of digesta in post valvular T-caecum (PVTC) cannulated growing pigs fed an oat (80.6%) diet was studied. Four barrows weighing on average 40 kg were assigned to four diets in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Diet 1 contained 1.11% monocalcium phosphate (MCP); diet 2 had neither MCP nor phytase; diet 3 included phytase at a concentration of 487 phytase units kg−1 feed; and diet 4 had 0.55% MCP and 320 phytase units kg−1 feed. Ileal digestibility of phosphorus (P) increased by 19.4 and 26.8% in diets containing microbial phytase compared with the control diets 1 and 2, respectively. Corresponding increases in faecal digestibility values were 18.3 and 23.6%. Ileal digestibility of calcium (Ca) was significantly higher in diet 3 but there was no effect of diet on the faecal digestibility of Ca. There was no effect of microbial phytase on the digestibility of magnesium (Mg), dry matter (DM) or crude protein (CP). Ileal digestibility of crude fibre (CF) was not affected by diet, but faecal CF digestibility was lower (P < 0.05) in diets containing microbial phytase. There was no effect of phytase on excretion of Ca, Mg and N and Mg and N retention. There was a time-related response of pH of ileal digesta, with hourly pH measurements ranging between 7.1 and 5.9, irrespective of diet. Flow of digesta peaked 3–6 h after the morning feed and 1–2 hours after the evening feed. Key words: Pigs, cannulation, phytase, digestibility, pH

scholarly journals A new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has greater digestibility of amino acids and energy, but less digestibility of phosphorus, than de-oiled DDGS when fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoy Cristobal ◽  
Jessica P Acosta ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Microbial Phytase

Abstract AbstractThree experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), concentration of metabolizable (ME), and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in a new source of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; ProCap DDGS) are greater than in conventional de-oiled DDGS. In experiment 1, nine barrows (initial BW: 67.2 ± 6.4 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three diets and three periods for a total of nine replicate pigs per diet. Two diets included ProCap DDGS or de-oiled DDGS as the sole source of crude protein (CP) and AA. An N-free diet was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Ileal digesta were collected on days 5 and 6 of each period after 4 d of adaptation to diets. Results from experiment 1 indicated that ProCap DDGS contained more CP and AA compared with de-oiled DDGS. The SID of all AA in ProCap DDGS was greater (P &lt; 0.001) compared with de-oiled DDGS with the exception that the SID of Pro was not different between the two sources of DDGS. In experiment 2, 24 growing barrows (initial BW: 32.7 ± 3.1 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and used in a randomized complete block design and fed a corn-based diet or two diets containing corn and each source of DDGS with eight replicate pigs per diet. Fecal and urine samples were collected for 4 d after 7 d of adaptation. Results from experiment 2 indicated that concentration of ME in ProCap DDGS was greater (P &lt; 0.05) compared with corn or de-oiled DDGS. In experiment 3, 32 growing barrows (initial BW: 20.2 ± 0.9 kg) were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to four diets with eight pigs per diet using a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. The de-oiled DDGS and ProCap DDGS were both included in a diet without microbial phytase and a diet with microbial phytase (500 units/kg diet). Pigs were adapted to the diets for 5 d and fecal samples were collected for 4 d. Results from experiment 3 indicated that inclusion of phytase in the diet containing ProCap DDGS increased (P &lt; 0.05) the STTD of P, but addition of phytase to the de-oiled DDGS diet did not increase STTD of P (interaction, P &lt; 0.001), but the STTD of P was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in de-oiled DDGS compared with ProCap DDGS. In conclusion, ProCap DDGS has greater SID of AA and contains more ME, but has reduced STTD of P compared with conventional de-oiled DDGS.

Effect of fermentation of soybean meal with varying protein solubility on ileal digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
Santi D. Upadhaya ◽  
Je-hoon Ryu ◽  
Kyung-il Kang ◽  
Seong-Jun Cho ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean

Apparent ileal digestibility and standardised ileal digestibility of energy, dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids were evaluated in five cannulated [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc)] barrows with an initial bodyweight of 27.1 ± 0.58 kg in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Pigs were fed unfermented soybean meal (USM) as control and fermented soybean meal A, B and C (FSMA, FSMB and FSMC, respectively), with 52.4%, 62.0% and 71.8% protein solubility, respectively, and a nitrogen-free diet. The nitrogen-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of crude protein and amino acids. The apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was greater (P < 0.05) in FMSC and tended to improve in FSMA and FSMB compared with the control. The apparent ileal digestibility of isoleucine, phenylalanine and valine was greater in all fermented soybean meal whereas that of lysine was greater (P < 0.05) in FSMC compared with USM. Likewise, the apparent ileal digestibility of aspartic acid and proline was greater (P < 0.05) in FSMA and FSMC. The standardised ileal digestibility of crude protein and lysine was higher (P < 0.05) in FSMC and tended to improve in FSMA and FSMB whereas the standardised ileal digestibility of isoleucine was higher (P < 0.05) in FSMA, FSMB and FSMC compared with USM. In conclusion, fermentation of soybean meal showed better digestibility compared with USM regardless of its protein solubility values.

Use of feed technology to improve the nutritional value of feed ingredients

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Rojas ◽  
H. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that reduced particle size of corn will improve the caloric utilisation of corn fed to weanling pigs and to determine effects of pelleting, extrusion and extrusion and pelleting on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets containing low, medium or high levels of fibre. In Experiment 1, 128 pigs were used (initial bodyweight (BW) of 9.41 ± 1.54 kg). Pigs were randomly allotted to four diets in a randomised complete block design. There were four pigs per pen and eight replicate pens per treatment. The corn used was ground to different particle sizes (i.e. 865, 677, 485 or 339 µm). In Experiment 2, three diets were formulated, including a low-fibre diet, a medium-fibre diet-, and a high-fibre diet. Each diet was divided into four batches after mixing and either fed in a meal form without further processing or pelleted, extruded, or extruded and pelleted. In total, 24 growing pigs (initial BW: 26.5 ± 1.5 kg) with a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to the diets in a split-plot design, with eight pigs allotted to each level of fibre. Ileal digesta and faecal samples were collected and the apparent ileal digestibility of energy, crude protein and dry matter were calculated as was the metabolisable energy in each diet. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that final BW and average daily gain were not affected by corn particle size. However, average daily feed intake decreased (linear, P < 0.05) as mean particle size decreased from 865 to 677, 485 and 339 µm. Likewise, gain to feed ratio increased (linear, P < 0.05) from 0.65 to 0.66, 0.70 and 0.69 for pigs fed diets containing corn ground to a mean particle size of 865, 677, 485 and 339 µm, respectively. In Experiment 2, results indicated that pelleting, extrusion, or pelleting and extrusion improved (P < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of energy and dry matter, but in most cases, there were no differences among the pelleted, the extruded, and the extruded and pelleted diets. Medium- and high-fibre diets that were extruded had greater metabolisable energy (P < 0.05) than the meal diets. In conclusion, results indicated that gain to feed of pigs fed diets containing corn with the smaller particle size was increased compared with diets containing corn with a greater particle size. In addition, energy utilisation may be improved by pelleting or extrusion or by a combination of the two technologies, but the response seems to be greater for extrusion in diets that are relatively high in fibre.

scholarly journals Effect of microbial phytase and diet fermentation on ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients and energy in growing pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nitrayová ◽  
P. Patráš ◽  
M. Brestenský ◽  
J. Zelenka ◽  
J. Brož ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Dry Diet

A digestibility experiment using six ileally cannulated growing gilts (initial BW 31.6 kg) was carried out to study the effect of microbial phytase and diet form on apparent ileal and total tract digestibilities of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and energy and on apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids. The basal P-deficient diet was fed either dry or mixed with water (feed:water ratio 1:2.5) and fermented in a laboratory setup. The enzyme was added to the dry diet at four levels (0, 1 000, 1 500 and 3 000 U/kg) and to the liquid fermented diet at two levels (0 and 1 000 U/kg) using a 6 × 6 Latin square design. The supplementation of microbial phytase to the basal diets significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) improved ileal and total tract digestibility of P and tended to improve the digestibility of Ca. Phytase supplementation at 3 000 U/kg to the dry diet improved ileal and total tract P digestibility by approximately 30 and 60%, respectively. A similar effect was found in the liquid fermented diet supplemented with phytase at 1 000 U/kg. As a result of improved P digestibility, faecal P excretion was reduced by 20–40%. There was no significant effect of phytase addition or diet fermentation on the digestibility of DM, N, energy or amino acids. The response in amino acid digestibility to phytase calculated with acid insoluble ash as a marker was slightly higher than that calculated with Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P&lt; 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P&lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P&lt; 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P&lt; 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

Effects of xylanase and antibiotic addition on ileal and faecal apparent digestibilities of dietary nutrients and evaluating HCl-insoluble ash as a dietary marker in growing pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-L. Yin ◽  
J.D. McEvoy ◽  
H. Schulze ◽  
K.J. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Dietary Nutrients

AbstractThe effects of xylanase and antibiotic addition to the diet, and the use of HCl-insoluble ash as a marker, on ileal and faecal apparent digestibilities of nutrients were studied with 12 growing pigs fitted with post-valvular T-caecum cannulae (PVTC). The results showed that the apparent ileal digestibility of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) was high, (over 0·30). Xylanase, or antibiotics (Avoparcin) or xylanase plus antibiotics supplementation of the wheat middling-based diets did not significantly (P > 0·05) increase the ileal and faecal apparent digestibilities of NSP, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), dry matter, crude protein, energy or amino acids. There were no significant (P > 0·05) differences between the HCl-insoluble ash and Cr2O3 recoveries at the ileal or at the faecal levels: proportionately, 0·864 and 0·911 for the ileal and faecal recoveries of HCl-insoluble ash, and 0·857 and 0. 915 for the ileal and faecal recoveries of Cr2O3, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of a Multi-Carbohydrase and Phytase Complex on the Ileal and Total Tract Digestibility of Nutrients in Cannulated Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Cheng Yang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ya-Kuan Huang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Corn Distillers

The current study evaluated the influence of a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) on the ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs. A total of eight barrows (initial BW = 30.7 ± 1.1 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum and randomly allotted to four groups. The experiment was conducted according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, each period lasting 10 days. Pigs were fed four experimental diets, which consisted of two basal diets (BD1, low phytate; BD2, high phytate) with or without MCPC containing at least 1800 U xylanase, 6600 U α-arabinofuranosidase, 1244 U β-glucanase, and 1000 U phytase per/kg corn–soybean meal with 15% corn distillers based diet. The high phytate diet reduced (p < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein by 1.4% and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy by 1.7, 2.3, and 1.9%, respectively, and tended to decrease (p = 0.10) the ATTD of Ca by 17.3%, relative to the low phytate diet. The dietary supplementation of the MCPC increased (p < 0.05) the AID of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) by 34.2% and 31.1% for BD1 and 26.7% and 41.3% for BD2, respectively, and increased (p < 0.05) ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca by 1.4%, 45.6%, and 9.6% for BD1 and 3.1%, 66.0%, and 52.7% for BD2, respectively. The MCPC supplementation did not significantly increase the AID and (or) ATTD of crude protein, organic matter, and starch. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of the MCPC could improve the AID of P and Ca and the ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca.

Sunflower expellers have greater ileal digestibility of amino acids than sunflower meal, but there are only minor variations among different sources of sunflower meal when fed to growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimena A Ibagon ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The objective was to test the hypothesis that there is no effect of origin or processing procedure on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and crude protein (CP) in sunflower co-products. Six sources of sunflower meal (SFM) and 1 source of sunflower expellers (SFE) were obtained from Ukraine, Italy, Hungary, and the U.S. Each source of SFM or SFE was the only source of CP and AA in 1 diet and an N-free diet was also used for a total of 8 diets. Eight barrows (body weight: 28.5 ± 2.4 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to 1 of the 8 diets using an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods. The Lys:CP ratio in the 6 sources of SFM ranged from 3.10 to 3.96% with CP concentrations ranging from 27.34 to 36.75%. Crude protein in SFE was 26.87% and the Lys:CP ratio was 3.51%. Concentrations of acid hydrolyzed ether extract in the 6 sources of SFM ranged from 0.60 to 3.11%, but SFE contained 8.77%. Results indicated that the SID of CP was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in SFM from Hungary compared with all other sources of SFM except for 1 of the sources from Ukraine. There were no differences in the SID of Lys, Met, and Trp among sources of SFM, but for most of the remaining indispensable AA, the SFM from Hungary had less (P &lt; 0.05) SID than the other sources. However, only few differences in SID of indispensable AA were observed among the other sources of SFM, but the SID of CP and all AA except Trp was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in SFE compared with SFM. In conclusion, there were only few differences in the SID of the first limiting AA among SFM obtained from Ukraine, Hungary, Italy, and the U.S., but the SID of CP and AA was greater in SFE than in SFM indicating that processing of sunflower seeds influence the nutritional value.

Studies on cannulation method and alternative indigestible markers and the effects of food enzyme supplementation in barley-based diets on ileal and overall apparent digestibility in growing pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-L. Yin ◽  
J. D. G. McEvoy ◽  
H. Schulze ◽  
K. J. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
The Mean

AbstractTwo different cannulation procedures (simple ileal ‘T’ cannula v. The post valve ‘T’ caecal cannula (PVTC)) and two indigestible markers (TiO2 v. Cr2O3) were studied with six male littermate pigs fitted with PVTC or simple ileal ‘T’ cannulae. Six diets were used, of which two were based on wheat and wheat bran and the other four were based on two barleys of different bushel weight without and with exogenous enzymes (ß-glucanase/xylanase). Proportional TiO2 and Cr2O3 recoveries in faeces were less than 1·00, the mean values for the six diets being 0·858 for TiO2 and 0·811 for Cr2O3. With both markers, recovery in faeces was lowest for the most digestible wheat-based diet (A). The ileal apparent digestibility (IAD) coefficients of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), energy and amino acids measured with Cr2O3 were significantly (P < 0·001) lower than those measured with TiO2. There was no difference in overall apparent digestibility of DM, CP and energy measured with simple ileal ‘T’ cannula and PVTC techniques. However, IAD of DM, energy and CP measured with the PVTC method were significantly higher than those measured with the simple ileal ‘T’ cannula method. The data also showed that the standard errors with the simple ileal ‘T’ cannula method were greater than when using the PVTC method. Diet significantly affected ileal and overall digestibility of nutrients (P < 0·001) with values being highest for diet A and least for the wheat bran-based diet (B). Overall digestibility (OD) of DM and energy were higher for the higher bushel weight barley-based diet (C) than for the normal bushel weight barley-based diet (E). Enzyme inclusion improved OD for both barley diets and ileal digestibility of energy (0·060) and CP (0·057) for the normal bushel weight barley.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of enzyme-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359-1368
Author(s):  
Jinsu Hong ◽  
Jung Wook Lee ◽  
Dan Pettersson ◽  
Tofuko A Woyengo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Carinata meal is increasingly available for livestock feeding. However, the effects of supplemental phytase and fiber degrading enzymes on nutritive value of carinata meal for pigs have not been reported. Objective of the study was to evaluate the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acid (AA), and digestible energy (DE) and net energy (NE) values of phytase- and fiber-degrading enzymes-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs. Ten ileal-cannulated pigs (initial body weight = 53.9 ± 4.76 kg) were fed 4 diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with two additional columns to give 10 replicates per diet. Diets included a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based basal diet, basal diet with 25% carinata meal, basal diet with 25% carinata meal plus phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg and multi-carbohydrase at 0.2 g/kg, and in addition a nitrogen-free diet. The multicarbohydrase supplied 4 units of xylanase, 10 units of β-glucanase, and 1,000 units of pectinase per kilogram of diet. The ratio of corn to SBM and soybean oil in carinata meal-containing diets was identical to that in the corn-SBM-based basal diet to allow calculation of AA and energy digestibility of carinata meal by the difference method. On a dry matter basis, carinata meal contained 50.2% crude protein, 0.88% ether extract, 15.37% acid detergent fiber, 1.82% Lys, 0.96% Met, 1.89% Thr, and 0.64% Trp, respectively. The SID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp for carinata meal were 51.4%, 82.2%, 65.9%, and 85.9%, respectively. The DE and NE values for carinata meal were 3,427 and 1,828 kcal/kg of dry matter, respectively. Supplementation of a combination of phytase and multicarbohydrase did not affect the apparent ileal digestibility of AA and SID of AA for the corn-SBM-carinata meal-based diet, and for the carinata meal. However, the combination of phytase and multicarbohydrase did improve (P &lt; 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility, and DE and NE values for carinata meal by 9.4%, 9.5%, and 12.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the enzymes used in the current study could be added in carinata meal-based diets for growing pigs to improve the energy value.

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