The concentration of yeast assimilable nitrogen in Merlot grape juice is increased by N fertilization and reduced irrigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Hannam ◽  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
T. Forge ◽  
D. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen ◽  
Assimilable Nitrogen

Hannam, K. D., Neilsen, G. H., Forge, T. and Neilsen, D. 2013. The concentration of yeast assimilable nitrogen in Merlot grape juice is increased by N fertilization and reduced irrigation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 37–45. Vineyard management practices that can be used to elevate yeast-assimilable nitrogen (YAN) above the 140 mg N L−1 required for efficient fermentation are of critical interest. The effects of N fertilization and reduced irrigation frequency on grape juice YAN, fruit composition and yield were examined in a 5-yr study on Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) vines. Fertilization with N increased the concentration of YAN in grape juice by improving grapevine N status as indicated by petiole N concentrations. Reduced irrigation frequency appeared to have no effect on grape juice YAN status but short-term reductions in the quantity of applied water during the early stages of berry development in 2 of the study years did increase YAN. Juice pH was sometimes increased by reduced irrigation and N application treatments, but levels remained acceptable for wine production. Other measures of fruit composition were less sensitive to irrigation and N fertilization treatments. Inter-annual variability played an important role in determining grape juice YAN, fruit composition and yield. Future work should focus on refining management practices, e.g., the timing of N application, to minimize the effects of annual variability on grape juice YAN concentrations.

scholarly journals Response of ‘Italian Riesling’ Leaf Nitrogen Status and Fruit Composition (Vitis vinifera L.) to Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Janjanin ◽  
Marko Karoglan ◽  
Mirjana Herak Ćustić ◽  
Marijan Bubola ◽  
Mirela Osrečak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
N Compounds ◽  
N Status ◽  
Leaf N

Two-year study was conducted on Italian Riesling cultivar with the aim to compare the effect of foliar sprays with different nitrogen forms on grapevine leaf N status, yield, and nitrogen compounds in grape juice. Treatments included no fertilization (control), soil NPK treatment, and three foliar treatments [amino acids, urea, ammonia (NH4+)/nitrate] applied four times during season, also treated with soil NPK. The application of 1% w/v urea significantly increased leaf total leaf N content in the second year of study. However, there were no effects on N compounds in grape juice, since changes in free amino nitrogen (FAN), NH4+, and consequently yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) were not consistent among the treatments and experimental years. Although increase of vine leaf N status was achieved by 1% w/v urea, additional modifying of application time (by moving it closer to veraison) is needed, with the aim to increase N compounds in grape juice as well.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization Management with Blends of Controlled-Release and Conventional Urea Affects Common Bean Growth and Yield during Mild Winters in Brazil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1935
Author(s):  
Pedro Lopes Garcia ◽  
Renata Alcarde Sermarini ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
15N Recovery ◽  
Split Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Broadcast Application

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) requires nitrogen (N) during its vegetative and reproductive stages. A single application of a blend of polymer-sulfur coated urea (PSCU) and conventional urea (U) treated with NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) can meet that demand. Broadcast application could improve yield than other N management practices. This research evaluated two blends (70%PSCU + 30%U and 30%PSCU + 70%U) and three N fertilization managements (incorporated, broadcast, and split application) on soil ammonia volatilization (AV) and N mineral content (NM); plant N uptake (NU) and 15N recovery from U (NUR); and yield (GY). Irrigated field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Rhodic Eutrustox soil. The N application rate was 90 kg ha−1. AV reached 12% (30%PSCU + 70%U, broadcast application) and 14% of the applied N (split application at the third trifoliate leaf unfolded stage (V4)). The incorporated application resulted in higher NM in the vegetative and reproductive stages than the other management practices. Broadcast application resulted in higher NU than split application at physiological maturity. Split application resulted in higher NUR (grain) and GY than broadcast application. There was a positive correlation between NUR (grain) and GY in all N fertilization management treatments. The NUR values reached 48% (30%PSCU + 70%U) and 18% (70%PSCU + 30%U). Split N application using these blends can improve NUR in grain and GY compared to broadcast application in Rhodic Eutrustox soil. This information can help farmers improve the fertilization management practices used with these blends, and thereby avoid economic losses and environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Unravelling the complexities of wine: A big data approach to yeast assimilable nitrogen

OENO One ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Petrovic ◽  
Jose-Luis Aleixandre-Tudo ◽  
Astrid Buica
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen ◽  
Assimilable Nitrogen ◽  
Analytical Equipment

Aim: Assimilable Nitrogen (YAN) has been identified as one of the main drivers of wine quality, influencing the production of various aromas and ensuring a successful fermentation to dryness. Due to the number of factors affecting YAN concentration and composition, paired with the complexities of yeast metabolism, more data is required to enable a comprehensive understanding of this important component of the grape juice matrix. The use of high throughput and information-rich techniques such as InfraRed spectroscopy can lead to a fast generation of a large amount of data. In addition, there is a possibility to maximise the information output of the generated data when combined with various descriptive and exploratory statistical techniques.Conclusion: Given the recent developments in the fields of analytical equipment and chemometrics, the review explores the possibility of a Big Data approach for the research of one of the most important and versatile grape juice parameters, namely YAN

scholarly journals Variation for Composition and Quality in a Collection of the Resilient Mediterranean ‘de penjar’ Long Shelf-Life Tomato Under High and Low N Fertilization Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Rosa-Martínez ◽  
Ana M. Adalid ◽  
Luis E. Alvarado ◽  
Resurrección Burguet ◽  
María D. García-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Selection Of

The ‘de penjar’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a group of local varieties from the Spanish Mediterranean region carrying the alc mutation, which provides long shelf-life. Their evolution under low-input management practices has led to the selection of resilient genotypes to adverse conditions. Here we present the first evaluation on nutritional fruit composition of a collection of 44 varieties of ‘de penjar’ tomato under two N fertilization levels, provided by doses of manure equivalent to 162 kg N ha–1 in the high N treatment and 49 kg N ha–1 in the low N treatment. Twenty-seven fruit composition and quality traits, as well as plant yield and SPAD value, were evaluated. A large variation was observed, with lycopene being the composition trait with the highest relative range of variation (over 4-fold) under both N treatments, and significant differences among varieties were detected for all traits. While yield and most quality traits were not affected by the reduction in N fertilization, fruits from the low N treatment had, on average, higher values for hue (5.9%) and lower for fructose (−11.5%), glucose (−15.8%), and total sweetness index (−12.9%). In addition, lycopene and β-carotene presented a strongly significant genotype × N input interaction. Local varieties had higher values than commercial varieties for traits related to the ratio of sweetness to acidity and for vitamin C, which reinforces the appreciation for their organoleptic and nutritional quality. Highest-yielding varieties under both conditions displayed wide variation in the composition and quality profiles, which may allow the selection of specific ideotypes with high quality under low N conditions. These results revealed the potential of ‘de penjar’ varieties as a genetic resource in breeding for low N inputs and improving the organoleptic and nutritional tomato fruit quality.

Adapting Nitrogen Fertilization to Unpredictable Seasonal Conditions with the Least Impact on the Environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Tremblay ◽  
Carl Bélec
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
N Budget ◽  
Reference Plot ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Primary Driver

Weather is the primary driver of both plant growth and soil conditions. As a consequence of unpredictable weather effects on crop requirements, more inputs are being applied as an insurance policy. Best management practices (BMPs) are therefore about using minimal input for maximal return in a context of unpredictable weather events. This paper proposes a set of complementary actions and tools as BMP for nitrogen (N) fertilization of vegetable crops: 1) planning from an N budget, 2) reference plot establishment, and 3) crop sensing prior to in-season N application based on a saturation index related to N requirement.

Concepts and Practices for Improving Nitrogen Management for Vegetables

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Hochmuth
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
N Management

Efficient N management practices usually involve many potential strategies, but always involve choosing the correct amount of N and the coupling of N management to efficient water management. Nitrogen management strategies are integral parts of improved production practices recommended by land-grant universities such as the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Florida. This paper, which draws heavily on research and experience in Florida, outlines the concepts and technologies for managing vegetable N fertilization to minimize negative impacts on the environment.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, storage losses and chemical composition of winter cabbage

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Freyman ◽  
P. M. Toivonen ◽  
W. C. Lin ◽  
P. W. Perrin ◽  
J. W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Increasing rates of field nitrogen (N) application (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg N ha−1) resulted in markedly higher yields of winter white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata 'Bartolo') due to larger head size. Glucose and fructose contents increased with increased nitrogen. In contrast, ascorbic acid and sucrose contents declined slightly with increased nitrogen. Nitrogen rate had little effect on storage losses. The results indicated that increased N fertilization provided overall benefit to cabbage production. Key words: Cabbage, nitrogen fertilization, storage losses, yield

scholarly journals Spatialized N budgets in a large agricultural Mediterranean watershed: high loading and low transfer

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lassaletta ◽  
E. Romero ◽  
G. Billen ◽  
J. Garnier ◽  
H. García-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
N Budget ◽  
Ebro River ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Food And Feed

Abstract. Despite the particular management practices and climate characteristics of the Mediterranean regions, the literature dealing with N budgets in large catchments subjected to Mediterranean conditions is scarce. The present study aims to deepen our knowledge on the N cycle within the Ebro River Basin (NE Spain) by means of two different approaches: (1) calculating a global N budget in the Ebro River Basin and (2) calculating a series of detailed regional budgets at higher geographical resolution. N inputs and outputs were spatialized by creating a map based on the most detailed information available. Fluvial and atmospheric N export was estimated together with N retention. The Ebro River Basin annually receives a relatively high amount of new N (5118 kg N km−2 yr−1), mostly in the form of synthetic fertilizers (50%). Although it is a highly productive catchment, the net N input as food and feed import is also high (33%). Only 8% of this N is finally exported to the delta zone. Several territorial units characterized by different predominant uses (rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture and pastures) have differentiated N dynamics. However, due to the high density of irrigation channels and reservoirs that characterize Mediterranean catchments, N retention is very high in all of them (median value, 91%). These results indicate that problems of eutrophication due to N delivery in the coastal area may not be too severe but that high N retention values may instead lead to problems within the catchment, such as pollution of aquifers and rivers, as well as high atmospheric emissions. The most promising management measures are those devoted to reducing agricultural surpluses through a better balanced N fertilization.

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