DISTRIBUTION OF AND SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO BIOTYPES OF PYRENOPHORA TERES IN WESTERN CANADA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. TEKAUZ ◽  
K. W. BUCHANNON
Keyword(s):  
Host Tissue ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conidial Development ◽  
Barley Resistance

The distribution in western Canada of three biotypes of Pyrenophora teres, the cause of net blotch of barley, was determined. Two of these produced typical net blotch symptoms but differed in virulence and were found throughout the prairies in 1974. The third, which produces spot-like symptoms, was found only in Manitoba and comprised half the total isolates. The incidence of net blotch was higher in fields of two-rowed than in six-rowed barley. Resistance to the three biotypes of P. teres was found in several barley lines when symptom expression and rate of conidial development on infected host tissue were compared. CI 9214 was superior to CI 5791, the resistance source used in some barley breeding programs.

SOURCES OF RESISTANCE IN BARLEY TO PYRENOPHORA TERES

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Buchannon ◽  
W. C. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Resistant Varieties

The reaction to infection by Pyrenophora teres Drechs., the incitant of net blotch of barley, was determined for 6,174 varieties in the U.S.D.A. World Barley Collection. Forty varieties, seventeen of them from Ethiopia, were resistant in the seedling stage to a highly pathogenic strain of the fungus prevalent in Western Canada and to composites of isolates from Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Ontario, North Dakota, California, and Mexico. They were also resistant in the field at three locations in Western Canada. Agronomic and malting quality characteristics for the resistant varieties were also recorded.

Advances in understanding the epidemiology, molecular biology and control of net blotch and the net blotch barley interaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 477-524
Author(s):  
Anke Martin ◽  
◽  
Barsha Poudel ◽  
Buddhika Amarasinghe Dahanayaka ◽  
Mark S. McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Durable Disease Resistance

Net blotches are the most widely distributed foliar diseases of barley worldwide, causing significant losses in grain yield. They occur as net form net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres and spot form net blotch caused by P. teres f. maculata. Both sexual and asexual reproduction play a role in the P. teres disease cycles leading to changes in genetic variation of populations. Breeding programs have to keep pace with pathogenic changes and ensure different sources of resistance are present in current barley cultivars. Knowledge of the genetic architecture and genes involved in virulence is thus vital to increase the durability of net blotch resistance in barley cultivars. This chapter explores the molecular biology, life-cycle and epidemiology of the net blotch fungi and discusses the key challenges we are facing in managing the net blotches using both fungicide resistance and breeding strategies to achieve durable disease resistance in barley.

scholarly journals Mapping and validation of the genes for resistance to Pyrenophora teres f. teres in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cakir ◽  
S. Gupta ◽  
G. J. Platz ◽  
G. A. Ablett ◽  
R. Loughman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Selection Of

Identification and deployment of disease resistance genes are key objectives of Australian barley breeding programs. Two doubled haploid (DH) populations derived from Tallon × Kaputar (TK) and VB9524 × ND11231 (VN) crosses were used to identify markers for net type net blotch (NTNB) (Pyrenophora teres f. teres). The maps included 263 and 250 markers for TK and VN populations, respectively. The TK population was screened with 5 pathotypes and the VN population with 1 pathotype of NTNB as seedlings in the glasshouse. In addition, the TK population was subjected to natural infection in the field at Hermitage Research Station, Qld. Analyses of the markers were performed using the software packages MapManager and Qgene. One region on chromosome 6H was strongly associated with resistance to NTNB in both populations (R2 = 83% for TK and 66% for VN). In the TK population, 2 more quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on chromosomes 2H and 3H, with R2 values of 30% and 31%, respectively. These associations were consistent over all pathotypes studied during the seedling stage. The same QTL on chromosome 6H was also found to be highly significantly associated (R2 = 65%) with the adult plant (field) response in the TK population. There are several very closely linked markers showing strong associations in these regions. Association of the 4 markers on chromosome 6H QTL with resistance to the NTNB has been validated in 2 other DH populations derived from barley crosses Pompadour × Stirling and WPG8412 × Stirling. These markers present an opportunity for marker assisted selection of lines resistant to NTNB in barley breeding programs.

scholarly journals Identification of sources of winter barley resistance to smut (Ustilago hordei)

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
T. G. Derova ◽  
E. S. Doroshenko ◽  
O. S. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Barley ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Ustilago Hordei ◽  
Barley Resistance

The current paper presents the 3-year assessment results of domestic and foreign winter barley varieties and lines for smut resistance. The smut pathogen in the Rostov region causes one of the most harmful diseases, which, in addition to direct crop losses (head destruction), causes the so-called hidden losses, which can several times exceed direct ones. An effective way to counteract the disease is to cultivate resistant varieties, and farmers need the reliable sources of resistance to the pathogen. The immunological properties of winter barley varieties were studied in an infectious nursery (2016–2018). Seed infection with spores was carried out by S. Dimitrov’s method (1968) using a nutrient medium. Inoculated seeds were sown at the end of the optimal time. There was estimated a number of infected stems. The variety “Dobrynya 3” was used as a susceptible test-variety, which percentage of infection throughout the years ranged from 20.6 to 71.8%. There were studied 115 domestic and foreign varieties and lines. Among 69 domestic commercial varieties and breeding lines, 11 ones (15.9%) showed good resistance, 21 ones (30.4%) showed weak susceptibility, 30 ones (43.5%) possessed average susceptibility and seven varieties (10.1%) were severely affected by the pathogen. Among foreign varieties, resistance to barley smut has been established in seven German varieties, in three French varieties, in two Swiss varieties, one Czech variety and one Ukrainian variety. The varieties “Rocca”, “Nixe” (Germany), “Metelitsa” (Ukraine) are classified as the best ones in resistance to the pathogen during the artificial infection. The French variety “18513 ЕН11” had no affected plants during the study and was identified as an immune variety. The identified sources of winter barley resistance to smut are recommended for use in breeding programs for immunity.

scholarly journals Resistance in cultivated barleys to Pyrenophora teres f. teres and prospects of its utilisation in marker identification and breeding

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gupta ◽  
R. Loughman ◽  
G. J. Platz ◽  
R. C. M. Lance
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Mapping Populations ◽  
Marker Identification ◽  
Virulence Diversity

Net type net blotch (NTNB) is a prevalent disease in Australia, causing significant losses in barley yield and quality. Its impact can be reduced with the identification and utilisation of effective sources of resistance. Sixty-nine cultivated barley lines were screened as seedlings against 9 isolates of Pyrenophora teres f. teres from Australia, and in the field in Western Australia. Resistance expressed in seedlings was frequently expressed in adult plants in the field, indicating that these sources are potentially useful for resistance breeding. Of these lines, 24 with the best overall resistance were identified, which could be used against virulence diversity present in P. teres f. teres in Australia.As a prelude to the evaluation of established mapping populations in the Australian Barley Molecular Marker Program, 42 parental lines were screened against a range of Australian isolates of P. teres f. teres. Variation in net blotch responses was observed among parents of the mapping populations. Ten principal mapping populations appear to provide opportunities to map resistances and identify molecular markers linked to NTNB resistance genes effective against Australian pathotypes.

Improved sources of resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajamohan Chandirasekaran ◽  
Thomas D Warkentin ◽  
Yantai Gan ◽  
Steven Shirtliffe ◽  
Bruce D Gossen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
High Level

Successful chickpea production in western Canada typically requires multiple applications of fungicides to minimize the severity of ascochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. Although planting resistant cultivars could be economical and environmentally safer than fungicide use, varieties with a high level of resistance are not available. The objective of this research was to identify potentially useful parents for breeding programs aimed at the northern Great Plains by assessing the AB reaction of 12 desi and 12 kabuli chickpea varieties for their AB reaction on leaves, stems and pods under two fungicide regimes. The experiment was conducted at Swift Current and Shaunavon, Saskatchewan, in 2004 and 2005. Differences in AB severity on leaves, stems and pods, seed yield and 1000-seed weight occurred among varieties at all site-years tested. The variation was greater among kabuli varieties than desi varieties. Ascochyta blight severity was generally lower under the high fungicide regime. A positive correlation in AB severity on leaves, stems and pods was observed, suggesting a lack of organ-specific reaction. Several promising varieties that combined improved levels of AB resistance, high yield, and large seed size were identified. Key words: Didymella rabiei, Ascochyta rabiei, Cicer arietinum, fungicide efficacy

scholarly journals Identification of the sources of spring barley resistance to leaf diseases and smut

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
T. G. Derova ◽  
E. S. Doroshenko ◽  
О. S. Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Nutrient Environment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Barley Resistance

Spring barley resistance to diseases can reduce yield losses and amount of the applied plant protection products, and, accordingly, the costs for its cultivation. One of the most important tasks and conditions of the breeding process is the expansion of the genetic diversity of sources of resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions and the development of the varieties that possess resistance to pathogens. On the territory of the Rostov region, the most harmful and economically significant diseases of spring barley are helminth-spore spots and stone smut. The purpose of the current study was to identify the spring barley varieties resistant to helminth-sporiosis and smut. There have been presented the 3-year results on assessment of the domestic and foreign spring barley varieties for resistance to leaf diseases and smut. There have been studied 117 domestic and foreign varieties. The immunological properties of the spring barley varieties were studied in a field infectious nursery. The seed infection with spores was carried out by the S. Dimitrov's method using a nutrient environment. Sowing of the inoculated seeds was carried out at the end of the optimal terms. The analysis was carried out according to the number of infected stems. The infectious nursery with helminth-sporiosis was set up according to the Methodological recommendations (2008). On the basis of the current study, according to the immunological assessment, the varieties were divided into different groups of resistance to the studied pathogens. The genotypes with high immunological resistance degree to the complex of pathogens are of the greatest breeding value. There have been identified the sources of resistance to two pathogens. These are the varieties ‘Ratnik', ‘Zernogradsky 73', ‘Azov', ‘Kumir', ‘Elf', ‘Tan 1', ‘Zernogradsky 35', ‘Vikont' (Russia), ‘Getman', ‘Odessa 22' (Ukraine), ‘Viking' (Sweden). The identified sources of spring barley resistance to smut and spot diseases have been recommended for use in breeding programs for immunity.

scholarly journals Genome wide association mapping of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata and Pyrenophora teres f. teres resistance loci utilizing natural Turkish wild and landrace barley populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun James Clare ◽  
Arzu Çelik Oğuz ◽  
Karl Effertz ◽  
Roshan Sharma Poudel ◽  
Deven See ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Genome Wide

Unimproved landraces and wild relatives of crops are sources of genetic diversity that were lost post domestication in modern breeding programs. To tap into this rich resource, genome wide association studies in large plant genomes have enabled the rapid genetic characterization of desired traits from natural landrace and wild populations. Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum), the progenitor of domesticated barley (H. vulgare), is dispersed across Asia and North Africa, and has co-evolved with the ascomycetous fungal pathogens Pyrenophora teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata, the casual agents of the diseases net form of net blotch and spot form of net blotch, respectively. Thus, these wild and local adapted barley landraces from the region of origin of both the host and pathogen represent a diverse gene pool to identify new sources of resistance, due to millions of years of co-evolution. The barley - P. teres pathosystem is governed by complex genetic interactions with dominant, recessive, and incomplete resistances and susceptibilities, with many isolate-specific interactions. Here we provide the first genome wide association study of wild and landrace barley from the Fertile Crescent for resistance to both forms of P. teres. A total of 14 loci, four against P. teres f. maculata and ten against Pyrenophora teres f. teres, were identified in both wild and landrace populations, showing that both are genetic reservoirs for novel sources of resistance. We also highlight the importance of using multiple algorithms to both identify and validate additional loci.

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO NET BLOTCH IN BARLEY. I. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PENETRANCE AND EXPRESSIVITY OF GENE(S) CONDITIONING HOST RESISTANCE

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Level

Variability in the host-reaction of barley to infection by Drechslera teres was examined in the parents and progeny of selected crosses under different environmental conditions of testing.The Ethiopian variety C.I. 5791 exhibits a consistently high level of resistance under a range of environmental conditions, which is in contrast to the Manchurian variety C.I. 2330. The sensitivity of the genes for resistance possessed by these varieties to environmental modifications is considered to depend upon their respective genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, variability of host reaction in the progeny of these resistant varieties was shown to be influenced by the genetic background of the susceptible parent used.The implications of these findings in the conduct and interpretation of genetic studies and in backcross breeding programs is discussed.

Kernel colour varies with cultivars and environments in barley

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Edney ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
D. Kong ◽  
T. Ferguson ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Key Words Barley

Kernel colour is an important marketing trait for both malting and feed barleys. Therefore a study was initiated to investigate the kernel colour of 75 Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars at three locations (Charlottetown, Ottawa and Bentley) across Canada in 1991 and 1992. Kernel colour was measured by an Instrumar Colormet Spectrocolorimeter. Kernel colour was found to be brighter at the two locations in eastern Canada (Charlottetown and Ottawa) than at the location in western Canada (Bentley). Two-row cultivars on average were more discoloured than six-row cultivars; eastern two-row were more discoloured than western two-row. Covered barleys were less discoloured than hulless barleys in five of the six environments, but covered barleys at Bentley in 1992 were more discoloured than hulless barleys. Kernel discolouration appeared to be associated with susceptibility to net blotch for six-row cultivars. More studies are needed on kernel discolouration of barley. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, kernel colour

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