MICROFLORA AND CONDITION OF CEREAL SEEDS AFTER A WET HARVEST

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. MILLS ◽  
H. A. H. WALLACE
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Aspergillus Glaucus ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Cereal Seed ◽  
Reproductive Phases ◽  
Ecological Habitats ◽  
Group Species

The microflora and condition of cereal seed samples obtained from 21 swathed and 11 standing crops, 20 piles and 15 bins were determined during and after the excessively wet 1977 harvest season in Manitoba. Seed moisture contents and myxomycete levels declined and Penicillium and germination levels increased as the grain progressed from field to pile to bin. Prolonged wet field conditions permitted continued development of field fungi causing seed discoloration and, characteristically, development of plasmodial and reproductive phases of myxomycetes rarely seen on seeds harvested in dry harvest years. Ecological habitats favoring development of particular fungi were detected in a 6-wk-old sprouted barley pile. Samples from the south and west of the pile, warmed by the sun, had most Alternaria, very low Penicillium and low CO2 levels; north and east samples had highest levels of Aspergillus glaucus group species, and center samples had low Alternaria, high Penicillium, a trace of A. glaucus, higher seed moisture and lower germination.

MOISTURE RELATIONS OF STORED TRITICALE AND ITS SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFESTATION BY MITES AND INFECTION BY MICROFLORA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. SINHA ◽  
N. D. G. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Acid Level ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Tyrophagus Putrescentiae ◽  
Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Stored Product Mites ◽  
Aspergillus Glaucus ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Moisture content-relative humidity (MC-RH) adsorption and desorption curves were determined for triticale (× - Triticosecale Wittmack), cv. Welsh, at 22 °C and 35–100% RH. The effects of various seed moisture contents on free fatty acid level, microfloral growth and germination loss were determined after 5 wk of storage at various RH and 22 °C. Infection of seeds by Penicillium and Aspergillus glaucus group occurred above 80–85% RH and seed germination correspondingly began to decrease. Five common stored-product mites which infested triticale stored at 20 °C and 85% RH were: Acarus siro, A. farris, Aëroglyphus robustus, Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae. A. farris and L. destructor also multiplied on wheat cv. Neepawa which was an inferior substrate to triticale for A. farris.

scholarly journals Emergence of Matriconditioned Cowpea and Pigeonpea Seeds at Different Soil Moisture Levels

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 868D-868
Author(s):  
Lurline E. Marsh ◽  
Dyremple B. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Increasing seed moisture has been beneficial in improving seedling emergence of some crops. Seed moisture contents of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes (MN13, Pinkeye Purple Hull, and IT 82E-16) and two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) (ICPL 85024 and ICPL 8304) were modified by incubating a 10 seed: 4 celite: 13 water (by weight) mixture at 15C. Conditioned seeds had moisture contents ranging from 46% to 64%, while nontreated seeds ranged from 4% to 8%. Matriconditioned and nontreated seeds had <15% emergence at 28 days after planting (DAP) in dry field conditions, where precipitation was <41 mm. In greenhouse tests at 14 DAP, matriconditioning had a negative effect on seeds in flooded, moist, and dry soils. The percent emergence for these seeds was 40% when compared to 60% for nontreated ones. Conditioning did not affect percent emergence at 7 DAP, days to first emergence, and percentage of germinated, unemerged seeds at 14 DAP. In the dry soil, emergence was less and later, and more germinated, unemerged seeds were present at 14 DAP. Cowpeas averaged 56% germination and pigeonpeas were 27%.

scholarly journals Evidence for coherent spicule oscillations from correcting Hinode/SOT Ca ii H in the south-east limb of the Sun

2017 ◽  
Vol 467 (3) ◽  
pp. 3393-3398
Author(s):  
A. R. Ahangarzadeh Maralani ◽  
E. Tavabi ◽  
A. Ajabshirizadeh
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
East Limb

EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON VIABILITY AND INFESTATION OF HULLESS TERRA OATS IN STORAGE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. SINHA ◽  
N. D. G. WHITE ◽  
H. A. H. WALLACE ◽  
R. I. H. McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mite Infestation ◽  
Tyrophagus Putrescentiae ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

The effects of various seed moisture contents in hulless (cv. Terra) and hulled oats (cv. Random) on susceptibility to mite infestation and on mycofloral growth and germination loss were studied at weekly intervals. Fat acidity values were determined for Terra oats only after 4 wk of storage. Moisture content-relative humidity adsorption and desorption curves were determined for Terra at 22 °C and at relative humidities of 35–100%. Terra oats, which had a higher level of Penicillium infection at 90–100% RH than Random oats, lost viability more rapidly than Random. Fat acidity values of Terra increased rapidly from 35 mg KOH/100 g of seed to 87–118 mg KOH/100 g of seed, only when seeds were stored at 90–100% RH. Terra offered a more favorable substrate for the multiplication of the mites Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus farris, and Lepidoglyphus destructor than did Random. With the exception of susceptibility to mite infestation, safe storage criteria are similar for hulled and hulless oats at usual moisture contents.

scholarly journals Globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) cross resistance to als-inhibitor herbicides under field conditions in irrigated rice in the south of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Schaedler ◽  
J.A. Noldin ◽  
D.S. Eberhardt ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
N.R. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The South ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
South Of Brazil

ALS-inhibiting herbicides usually provide adequate weed control in irrigated rice fields. After consecutive years of use, the Cyperaceae species, globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) began to show resistance to ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitors. Globe fringerush is one of the most problematic herbicide-resistant weeds in irrigated rice in the state of Santa Catarina in the South of Brazil. The objective of this research was to examine cross resistance of globe fringerush to ALS inhibitors, under field conditions. Two experiments were conducted in a rice field naturally infested with ALS-resistant globe fringerush in Santa Catarina, in the 2008/09 and 2009/10 cropping seasons. The experimental units were arranged in randomized complete block design, with five replicates, consisting of two factors (herbicide and dose) in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement. ALS herbicides included bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and penoxsulam. Six-leaf globe fringerush was sprayed with herbicide doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4X the recommended doses in a spray volume of 200 L ha-1. The number of rice culm, filled and sterile grains, plant height, dry shoot biomass and grain yield were recorded. Globe fringerush control was evaluated 28 and 70 days after herbicide application (DAA); shoots were harvested at 13 weeks after herbicide application and dry weight recorded. Competition with globe fringerush reduced the number of culm and rice grain yield. The globe fringerush biotype in this field was resistant to all ALS herbicides tested. Penoxsulam had the highest level of activity among treatments at 28 and 70 DAA, but the control level was only 50% and 42%, respectively, in the second year of assessment. This was not enough to prevent rice yield loss. Alternative herbicides and weed control strategies are necessary to avoid yield losses in rice fields infested with ALS-resistant biotypes of globe fringerush.

scholarly journals Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McKibben ◽  
J. J. Connell ◽  
C. Lopate ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
J. D. Anglin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Solar Energetic Particles ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

Abstract. In 2000–2001 Ulysses passed from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun in the inner heliosphere, providing a snapshot of the latitudinal structure of cosmic ray modulation and solar energetic particle populations during a period near solar maximum.  Observations from the COSPIN suite of energetic charged particle telescopes show that latitude variations in the cosmic ray intensity in the inner heliosphere are nearly non-existent near solar maximum, whereas small but clear latitude gradients were observed during the similar phase of Ulysses’ orbit near the 1994–95 solar minimum. At proton energies above ~10 MeV and extending up to >70 MeV, the intensities are often dominated by Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) accelerated near the Sun in association with intense solar flares and large Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). At lower energies the particle intensities are almost constantly enhanced above background, most likely as a result of a mix of SEPs and particles accelerated by interplanetary shocks. Simultaneous high-latitude Ulysses and near-Earth observations show that most events that produce large flux increases near Earth also produce flux increases at Ulysses, even at the highest latitudes attained. Particle anisotropies during particle onsets at Ulysses are typically directed outwards from the Sun, suggesting either acceleration extending to high latitudes or efficient cross-field propagation somewhere inside the orbit of Ulysses. Both cosmic ray and SEP observations are consistent with highly efficient transport of energetic charged particles between the equatorial and polar regions and across the mean interplanetary magnetic fields in the inner heliosphere.Key words. Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays) – Solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy (energetic particles; flares and mass ejections)

5. On a Monochromatic Rainbow

1889 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 135-137
Author(s):  
John Aitken
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
Band Form ◽  
Horizontal Band ◽  
Do So

A monochromatic rainbow looks like a contradiction in terms. As a rainbow of this kind was, however, seen lately, its occurrence seems worth putting on record. On the afternoon of Christmas day I went for a walk in the direction of the high ground to the south of Falkirk. Shortly after starting I observed in the east what appeared to be a peculiar pillar-like cloud, lit up with the light of the setting sun. What specially attracted my attention was that the streak of illumination was vertical, and not the usual horizontal band-form we are accustomed to. I looked in the direction of the sun to see if I could trace any peculiar opening in the clouds through which the light passed, but failed to do so.

The Development of artificially introduced Infestations of Aphidius granarius, Marsh., under field Conditions

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don R. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Artificial Introduction

It has been found to be expedient to determine the development of the Braconid parasite, Aphidius granarius, Marsh., under field conditions, following its artificial introduction in order to supplement the previous observations of the writer (Arthur 1944, 1945). The aim of the presaent work was to determine the degree of control likely to be achieved by the introduction of this parasite to corn crops known to harbour heavy Aphid infestations but lacking the corresponding paraponding parasitism. The work was undertaken during 1943–44 at Margam Cowbridge, and Ammanford, three widely separated locations in the south wales Area.

January: Of Rocks and Ice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Wohl
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Shallow Channel ◽  
Yellowish Orange ◽  
At Home

The beaver meadow is quiet in January. For many plants and animals, winter is a season of subdued activity, or of waiting. North St. Vrain Creek remains open along the main channel, the water flowing clear but tinted brown as pine bark between snowy banks. Densely growing thickets of willow closely line the banks. Each stem starts pale brown near the ground, then grades upward to shades of maroon or yellowish orange at the branch tips. In a bird’s-eye view, these startling colors make the meadow stand out distinctly from the dark green conifers that define the edges of the meadow. Spruce and fir trees grow sharply pointed as arrows; pines present a slightly more rounded outline. Snow falls silently in thick flakes from the low, gray sky. The upper edges of the valley walls fade into snow and clouds. The sun appears briefly as a small, pale spotlight behind the clouds to the south. Snow mounds on the patches of ice in the shallow channel. The water flowing beneath creates flickers through the translucent ice like a winter fire of subdued colors and no heat. Tussocks form humps of straw-colored grass above the dark, frozen soil. Rabbit tracks line the snowy bank, sets of four paw marks with a large gap between each set. Something small crossed the bank, leaping one to two feet at a bound, two paws with slight drag marks behind them. In places the powdery snow has drifted deeply, but mostly it is shallow over a frozen crust. Beaver-gnawed sticks and stumps poke up through the snow. A large flood came through four months ago, in mid-September, washing out dams that the beavers have not yet rebuilt. Chunks of wood deposited among the willow stems by the floodwaters stand far above the January flow of the creek. A dipper fishes the creek, wading rather than swimming, at home in the cold water. The slate-gray bird is the only visible animal, busily probing the bed with its short bill, then pausing to stand and bob up and down.

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