scholarly journals Emergence of Matriconditioned Cowpea and Pigeonpea Seeds at Different Soil Moisture Levels

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 868D-868
Author(s):  
Lurline E. Marsh ◽  
Dyremple B. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Increasing seed moisture has been beneficial in improving seedling emergence of some crops. Seed moisture contents of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes (MN13, Pinkeye Purple Hull, and IT 82E-16) and two pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) (ICPL 85024 and ICPL 8304) were modified by incubating a 10 seed: 4 celite: 13 water (by weight) mixture at 15C. Conditioned seeds had moisture contents ranging from 46% to 64%, while nontreated seeds ranged from 4% to 8%. Matriconditioned and nontreated seeds had <15% emergence at 28 days after planting (DAP) in dry field conditions, where precipitation was <41 mm. In greenhouse tests at 14 DAP, matriconditioning had a negative effect on seeds in flooded, moist, and dry soils. The percent emergence for these seeds was 40% when compared to 60% for nontreated ones. Conditioning did not affect percent emergence at 7 DAP, days to first emergence, and percentage of germinated, unemerged seeds at 14 DAP. In the dry soil, emergence was less and later, and more germinated, unemerged seeds were present at 14 DAP. Cowpeas averaged 56% germination and pigeonpeas were 27%.

An empirical model for drainage from soil under rain fed conditions

Soil Research ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Aston ◽  
FX Dunin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Weighing Lysimeter

An empirical relationship was derived for drainage from a podzolic sandy loam using a weighing lysimeter at Krawarree, N.S.W. The form of the equation was similar to those used to describe drainage following irrigation. The agreement between computed and measured soil moisture contents over a period of five years was good, and indicated the usefulness of such an approach to characterize drainage of soil water under natural field conditions.

EFFECT OF SEED MOISTURE CONTENT AT SWATHING ON EMERGENCE OF FALL RYE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
R. M. DE PAUW
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Duration

The after-ripening requirement of three fall rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars, harvested at three seed moisture contents (50, 42, and 32%), was assessed by monitoring the changes in seedling emergence from sowings made over a period of 60 days. All cultivars exhibited a short after-ripening requirement of 1–7 days. The absolute duration of the after-ripening requirement was not affected by the range of seed moisture contents studied. Seed treatment with captan [N[(trichloromethyl) thiol]-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide] significantly increased percent seedling emergence. The captan treatment had the greatest effect on seeds harvested at the lowest moisture content.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DOUBLE V-SHAPED OPENERS WITH FURROW COMPACTION FUNCTION ON SEEDBED CHARACTERISTICS AND SOYBEAN EMERGENCE UNDER DOUBLE ROW RIDGE CULTIVATION TECHNIQUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-322
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Zheng ◽  
Jiameng Fang ◽  
Yuqing Zhao ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Zhi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Soybean Seedling ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
Compaction Force ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Based on the technical characteristics of double-row ridge planting, a double V-shaped opener with the furrow compaction function was designed. This opener with the sliding knife and profiling mechanism was capable of furrow opening, compacting and profiling, and thereby created excellent seedbeds with tight bottom and soft soils. Through sunlight greenhouse tests, the effects of the double V-shaped opener on seedbed characteristics and soybean emergence were studied under the compaction forces of T1 (0 N), T2 (500 N), T3 (600 N) and T4 (700 N). The furrow compaction planting significantly affected the seedbed characteristics and soybean emergence and could preserve soil moisture in seedbeds. Under the semiarid condition, the average emergence time under T2 was 0.79 day earlier than under T1, and the emergence rates under T2, T3 and T4 were significantly raised. The seedling height uniformity under T2 was 5.34% higher than under T1. The average emergence time ranked from early to later as T3<T4<T2. The deep seeding uniformity, the emergence uniformity and the average seedling height were all improved as the furrow compaction force was enlarged within 500-700 N. Furrow compaction could preserve soil moisture in seedbeds, and the seedbed soil physical properties and soybean seedling emergence were optimized under the furrow compaction force of 600-700 N.

Effects of Soil Temperature and Drought on Root–Soil Respiration in Apple under Field Conditions

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453a-453
Author(s):  
Liqin Wang ◽  
David M. Eissenstat ◽  
Dora E. Flores-Alva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Root Respiration ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Heated Soil ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

Root respiration is very important to root efficiency, root lifespan, and carbon cycling in plant ecosystems. Yet, the effects of soil temperature and moisture on root respiration are poorly understood, especially under field conditions. In this study, we manipulated soil temperature and moisture by six bearing `Red Chief' Delicious/M26 trees near State College, Pa. Soil temperature was elevated 5 °C at 5-cm depth using circulating hot water and stainless steel grids. Soil temperature was monitored using thermocouples and a data logger, and soil moisture was monitored using TDR. Root–soil respiration was determined by static trapping at the soil surface. Heating was conducted from 8 May to 28 Oct. Drought was initiated on 21 Aug. and lasted 2 months. Root–soil respiration was lowest in spring and increased from June to late August. After September, respiration decreased until the experiment ended in November. Root-soil respiration was not correlated with root length density. Heating enhanced root–soil respiration about 15% to 20% in spring (May) and 10% in summer (June–August). After the drought treatment began, heating increased root-soil respiration about 42% in wet soil, but did not influence respiration in dry soil. Heating accentuated the effect of the drought treatment on soil moisture. After 2 months of no irrigation and no rain, soil moisture was reduced 5% in unheated soil and 10% in heated soil. Drought slowed root–soil respiration 17% in unheated soil and 36% in heated soil, mainly because heating increased respiration in wet soil, but compared to the unheated treatment, had no effect in dry soil.

scholarly journals The effect of laundry grey water irrigation on the growth response of selected local bean species in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
B. Ikhajiagbe ◽  
E.O. Ohanmu ◽  
P.O. Ekhator ◽  
P.A. Victor
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Total Crude Protein

Abstract. This study examined the growth responses of some selected local bean (pulses) varieties in Nigeria; Vigna unguiculata (Ife brown), Vigna unguiculata (Ekpoma Local), Phaseolus vulgaris, Cajanus cajan and Glycine max, cultivated on soil irrigated with laundry-based grey water. Healthy seeds of all bean species were sown in plastic bowls of three replicates each and irrigated daily with similar quantities of the respective grey water. The effect of the grey water on the germination, growth and yield of all the beans was observed for a period of four months. The result obtained revealed that grey water had a negative effect on the growth and yield of all the beans as there was a decrease in the percentage emergence of all seedlings, height of emergent seedlings and number of flowers and pods produced. Grey water also altered the chlorophyll content and total crude protein of all the beans subjected to the treatment. The effect of grey water on plant is as a result of accumulation of excess salts contained in grey water on the soil.

MICROFLORA AND CONDITION OF CEREAL SEEDS AFTER A WET HARVEST

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. MILLS ◽  
H. A. H. WALLACE
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Aspergillus Glaucus ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Cereal Seed ◽  
Reproductive Phases ◽  
Ecological Habitats ◽  
Group Species

The microflora and condition of cereal seed samples obtained from 21 swathed and 11 standing crops, 20 piles and 15 bins were determined during and after the excessively wet 1977 harvest season in Manitoba. Seed moisture contents and myxomycete levels declined and Penicillium and germination levels increased as the grain progressed from field to pile to bin. Prolonged wet field conditions permitted continued development of field fungi causing seed discoloration and, characteristically, development of plasmodial and reproductive phases of myxomycetes rarely seen on seeds harvested in dry harvest years. Ecological habitats favoring development of particular fungi were detected in a 6-wk-old sprouted barley pile. Samples from the south and west of the pile, warmed by the sun, had most Alternaria, very low Penicillium and low CO2 levels; north and east samples had highest levels of Aspergillus glaucus group species, and center samples had low Alternaria, high Penicillium, a trace of A. glaucus, higher seed moisture and lower germination.

scholarly journals White Root Rot of Raspberries

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
GC Wade
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
White Root Rot ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dry Soil

The disease known as white root rot affects raspberries, and to a less extent loganberries, in Victoria. The causal organism is a white, sterile fungus that has not been identified. The disease is favoured by dry soil conditions and high soil temperatures. It spreads externally to the host by means of undifferentiated rhizomorphs; and requires a food base for the establishment of infection. The spread of rhizomorphs through the soil is hindered by high soil moisture content and consequent poor aeration of the soil.

Effect of Bromus inermis Leyss Planting on Dynamic Changes of Soil Moisture Contents on the Bare Slope

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1648-1652
Author(s):  
Tie Jun Sun ◽  
Baderihu Tajilake
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
Underground Biomass

Experiment was executed to plant eco-grass of Bromus inermis Leyss on 15°bare slopes, and study effect of biological characters on dynamics of soil moisture contents. The results indicated that vegetation restored quickly on the bare slope after the eco-grass planted. There were 2473.4 kg/hm2 of overground biomass and 1744.1kg/hm2 of underground biomass, and 70% of underground biomass was in 0-10cm layer of soil. Meanwhile, there was a regulatory mechanism of soil moisture content for Bromus inermis Leyss. When rainfall was enough, soil moisture content in 0-80 cm layer could reach to the most of 26.83% quickly this year. Next it could decline near to the first value of 19.81% after rainfall stopped, and keep a dynamic balance between 19.48% and 19.96%. Moreover, the regulatory mechanism realized though underground biomass, and was clearer with underground biomass increasing, especially in the 0-40cm layer of soil.

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