THE INFLUENCE OF IMMERSION IN WATER ON THE EFFICACY OF POSTEMERGENCE WILD OAT HERBICIDES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-309
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Wild oat foliage was immersed in water after treatment with postemergence herbicides. The interval required between spraying and immersion to maintain herbicidal activity was: barban, 0–0.5 h; benzoylprop ethyl, 0–0.5 h; difenzoquat, 1–4 h; barban-benzoylprop ethyl, 0–0.5 h; barban-difenzoquat, 4–8 h; diclofop methyl, 8–12 h; flamprop isopropyl, 0 h; flamprop methyl, 0–0.5 h.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) with Reduced Rates of Postemergence Herbicides

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Spandl ◽  
Beverly R. Durgan ◽  
Douglas W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Rates and application timings of postemergence herbicides for wild oat control in spring wheat and barley were evaluated at Crookston, MN, from 1994 to 1996. Diclofop, imazamethabenz, and fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron were applied to one- to three-leaf wild oat; and difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron, and fenoxaprop plus 2,4-D plus MCPA were applied to four- to five-leaf wild oat at 1/2 ×, 3/4 ×, and 1 × rates. Wild oat response to herbicide rate and timing was similar in wheat and barley. Wild oat control with 1/2 × rates generally was less than that with 3/4 × rates, which was lower than or similar to that with 1 × rates. Wild oat biomass was often reduced less with 1/2 × rates than 1 × rates. However, reducing herbicide rates generally did not influence grain yields or net economic return. Grain yields and net economic return were generally greater in herbicide-treated plots than in the nontreated control.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.) Control With Reduced Rates Of Postemergence Herbicides

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishona B. Martinson ◽  
Beverly R. Durgan ◽  
Jochum J. Wiersma
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Response of Glyphosate-Resistant and Glyphosate-Susceptible Bentgrass (Agrostisspp.) to Postemergence Herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Hart ◽  
Fred Yelverton ◽  
Eric K. Nelson ◽  
Darren W. Lycan ◽  
Gerald M. Henry
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Marion County ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Studies were conducted in the summer and fall of 2001 in North Brunswick, NJ, and Marion County, Oregon, to evaluate the response of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible creeping bentgrass hybrids, colonial bentgrass, redtop, and dryland bentgrass grown as individual plants to postemergence (POST) herbicides. Glyphosate at 1.7 kg ae/ha, glufosinate at 1.7 kg ai/ha, fluazifop-P at 0.3 and 0.4 kg ai/ha, clethodim at 0.3 kg ai/ha, sethoxydim at 0.5 kg ai/ha, and a combination of glyphosate and fluazifop-P were applied 6 wk after planting. Glyphosate provided almost complete control of all susceptible bentgrass species at 4 weeks after treatment (WAT). Glufosinate provided 95% or greater control of all bentgrass species at 4 WAT, but regrowth was observed on all species in the summer experiment in Oregon. Fluazifop-P, clethodim, and sethoxydim provided slower control of bentgrass species, which ranged from 38 to 94% at 4 WAT, depending on species, herbicide, and experimental location. By 8 WAT, fluazifop-P at 0.4 kg/ha applied alone or in combination with glyphosate showed the highest levels of control (>90%) across all bentgrass species. Studies were also conducted in 2002 in the spring and summer in North Carolina to evaluate the response of a mature stand of glyphosate-susceptible ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrass to POST herbicides. Two applications of glyphosate at 1.7 kg/ha were required to achieve 98% bentgrass control at 8 WAT. Fluazifop-P at 0.4 kg/ha, clethodim at 0.3 kg/ha, and sethoxydim at 0.4 kg/ha exhibited herbicidal activity, but two applications were required to reach (>82%) control of bentgrass at 8 WAT. Two sequential applications of clethodim or the combination of glyphosate and fluazifop-P provided 98% control of bentgrass at 8 WAT. Of the other herbicide treatments evaluated, only atrazine and sulfosulfuron provided (>80%) control at 8 WAT. The results of these studies demonstrate that fluazifop-P, clethodim, and sethoxydim have substantial herbicide activity on bentgrass species and may be viable alternatives to glyphosate for control of glyphosate-resistant creeping bentgrass and related bentgrass species in areas where they are not wanted. Glufosinate, atrazine, and sulfosulfuron also exhibited substantial herbicidal activity on bentgrass, and further research with these herbicides is warranted.

Selectivity and Site of Action in Relation to Field Performance of Diclofop

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. P. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail

In the greenhouse, the methyl ester of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-diclorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} as a postemergence application at 1.1 kg/ha ai did not affect the growth of the seven dicotyledonous crops with the exception of slight injury to yellow [white] mustard(Brassica hirtaMoench). Of the 13 gramineous species, corn(Zea maysL.), green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.], oats(Avena sativaL.) wild oats(Avena fatuaL.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and timothy(Phleum pratenseL.) were rated highly susceptible, while barley(Hordeum vulgareL.), bromegrass [smooth brome](Bromus inermisLeyss.), durum wheat(Triticum durumDesf.), intermediate wheatgrass [Agropyron intermedium(Host) Beauv.], Russian wild ryegrass(Elymus junceusFisch.), triticale(X TriticosecaleWittmack), and wheat(Triticum aestivumL.) were relatively tolerant. Residue of diclofop in the soil partially controlled green foxtail which was seeded 3 weeks after herbicide application. Whether applied to wild oat shoots or roots, diclofop affected the entire plant, but growth reduction was great when applied to the shoots. Field results confirmed that foliar application gave the best weed control resulting in larger wheat yield increases. Wild oat control was greatly enhanced when an adjuvant was added to diclofop. This enhanced herbicidal activity appeared to have no effect on tolerance of barley at 0.8 kg/ha nor wheat at 1.1 kg/ha. Increasing the temperature from 12 to 28 C decreased wild oat control from diclofop at 1.1 kg/ha. In the field, diclofop at rates ranging from 0.8 to 2.2 kg/ha gave good control of wild oats and green foxtail resulting in significantly increased wheat yield compared to the checks. However, barley yield increases were obtained only at the rates from 0.8 to 1.1 kg/ha, indicating that at the higher rates barley was less tolerant than wheat. The 0.6 kg/ha rate with an adjuvant gave adequate weed control and significant barley yield increases over the checks, when evaluated on five barley cultivars.

Herbicidal Activity of Three Sesquiterpene Lactones on Wild Oat (Avena fatua) and Their Possible Mode of Action

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir A. M. Abdelgaleil ◽  
Neama Abdel-Razeek ◽  
Salah A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Starting Point

Inhibitory effects of two sesquiterpene lactones, costunolide and parthenolide, isolated from dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of southern magnolia and a parthenolide derivative, 1,10-epoxyparthenolide, were evaluated on germination and seedling growth of wild oat. The sesquiterpene lactones effected a significant reduction of seed germination, particularly at the highest concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 mg L−1, with costunolide being the most active one. Furthermore, the three sesquiterpenes strongly inhibited root and shoot growth of the weed. However, the inhibition of root growth by all compounds was greater than that of shoot growth. Parthenolide inhibited growth of both root and shoot more strongly than the other compounds and a reference herbicide imazamethabenz. At a concentration of 100 mg L−1, parthenolide caused 87 and 41% growth inhibition of root and shoot, respectively. Parthenolide was tested for its effect on acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity. The compound inhibited the enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition of 51.44 µM. The results of this study indicated that the herbicidal activity of the isolated sesquiterpene may be attributed to inhibition of ALS. The promising phytotoxic activity of sesquitepene lactones reported here could be considered a starting point for developing environmentally safer herbicides.

Influence of Application Timing on the Efficacy of Reduced Rate Postemergence Herbicides for Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control in Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Stougaard ◽  
Bruce D. Maxwell ◽  
Jerry D. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted during 1992 and 1993 at Kalispell and Moccasin, MT, to determine the influence of application timing on the efficacy of reduced rate postemergence applications of imazamethabenz and diclofop in spring barley. Herbicides were applied at their respective 1 × and ½ × use rates at either 1, 2, or 3 weeks after crop emergence (WAE). While excellent wild oat control was sometimes achieved with reduced rates, there was no consistent relationship between wild oat growth stage and the level of control at either site regardless of the herbicide or rate applied. This response suggests that efficacy is governed not only by wild oat growth stage, but also by weed demographics and environmental considerations. Barley yield and adjusted gross return values were highest at Kalispell when imazamethabenz treatments were applied at 1 WAE, regardless of the level of wild oat control. Adjusted gross return values were similar for the 1 × and ½ × imazamethabenz treatments. Yields and adjusted gross returns with diclofop treatments were more related to the level of wild oat control at Kalispell, with the 1 × diclofop treatments providing the greatest yields and adjusted gross return values. The level of wild oat control at Moccasin had minimal effect on barley yield and adjusted gross returns, with both values being comparable to the nontreated check.

scholarly journals CROP COMPETITION AIDS EFFICACY OF WILD OAT HERBICIDES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. SHARMA ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Crop Competition

Field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period to evaluate the need for competition by crop plants along with the application of postemergence herbicides for wild oat (Avena fatua L.) control in barley and wheat. Barban, difenzoquat, and barban plus difenzoquat were used in barley and barban, benzoylprop ethyl, diclofop methyl, flamprop methyl, and barban plus benzoylprop ethyl were used in wheat, at the two-leaf stage and the four-leaf stage of wild oats seeded alone or in a crop. Barban and diclofop methyl were effective for wild oat control at both the two-leaf and four-leaf stage of wild oats. Benzoylprop ethyl, difenzoquat and flamprop methyl alone or in combination with barban were more effective at the four-leaf than at the two-leaf stage of wild oats. Herbicide treatments increased barley yield up to 84% and wheat yield up to 177%. In the absence of herbicide treatments, crop competition from barley or wheat reduced the wild oat dry weight by about 50%. Competition by crop plants was essential for effective wild oat control with all foliage-applied wild oat herbicides included in this study.Key words: Competition, crop, wild oat, herbicides, wheat, barley

scholarly journals Selective Herbicidal Activity of 3, 5-Dichloropyridyloxy-phenoxypropionamidoxyacetic Acid Derivatives between Wheat and Wild Oat

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei MATSUMOTO ◽  
Kinya IDE ◽  
Yoshio HAYASE ◽  
Toshio TAKAHASHI ◽  
Reiji TAKEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Wild Oat

We investigated the phytotoxicity of desert cotton (Aerva javanica) extracts on wild oat and wheat. Aqueous extracts from A. javanica roots, leaves and inflorescences collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha regions, Saudi Arabia were used. Generally, the allelopathic potential of water extracts of A. javanica collected from Jeddah were more in inhibitory to wild oat germination and seedlings growth than those from Al-Baha. In both regions, root extracts were inhibitory to wild oat followed by leaves and inflorescences extracts. All test aqueous extracts of both regions did not inhibit the wheat germination or seedlings growth.Whreas, the wild oat germination was reduced by root extracts 58.62 %, 28.62 % leaves extracts : 32.72 %, 17.72 % and inflorescences extract 28.11 %, 12.13 % by in plants samples collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha, respectively. Wild oat radical length was inhibited by root extracts 53.27 %, 32.84 % leaves 42.35 %, 9.63 % and inflorescences extracts 22.64 %, 16.75 % in case of Jeddah and Al-Baha plants, respectively. In pot culture experiment, all treatments markedly reduced the plant dry weight and soluble carbohydrates, proteins and free amino acids contents in wild oat. The differences in the allelopathic potentials of studied A. javanica extracts were related to the qualitative variations in their phytochemicals constituents. Our results showed that A. javanica extracts could be safely used to control wild oat growth in wheat fields after more detsaled research..

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
M.Z. Norhafizah ◽  
W.S. Wan Nur Suzani Sazleen ◽  
T.S. Chuah
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root Extracts

This glasshouse study aimed to determine the herbicidal activity of allelochemicals 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) on test weeds (Asystasia gangetica, Eleusine indica, Leptochloa chinensis and Oldenlandia verticillata) and to find the tolerance of test crops (Brassica rapa, Oryza sativa, Zea mays) to 2,4-DTBP. The 2,4-DTBP applied at 7 kg ai/ha inhibited the weeds seedling growth by 15-40 % only, showing its poor post emergence herbicidal activity. In contrast, soil bioassay confirmed pre-emergence herbicidal activity of 2,4-DTBP that reduced the seedling growth of weeds (L. chinensis, E. indica and O. verticillata) by 50- 80 % at 2.5 kg ai/ha but A. gangetica was tolerant to 2,4-DTBP even at 5 kg ai/ha. Crop tolerance test revealed that Zea mays was tolerant to 2,4-DTBP. In contrast, root lengths of transplanted Brassica rapa seedlings and Oryza sativa seedlings were reduced by 10- 15 % at 2,4-DTBP doses of 1.25 to 5 kg ai/ha, 14 days after treatment. However, these two crops seedlings became tolerant to 2,4-DTBP at 5 kg ai/ha, when applied 4 days after transplanting. Thus 2,4-DTBP may be developed as novel pre-emergence natural herbicide, without injuring the crops depending on their growth stages and crop species.

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