THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 43. Acroptilon (Centaurea) repens (L.) DC.

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Russian Knapweed ◽  
Centaurea Repens

Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens (L.) DC.) is an introduced persistent perennial weed species which is commonly found in cultivated land in western Canada and infrequently in southern Ontario. The weed is characterized by its extensive root system, relatively low seed production, and persistence. Cultural, chemical and biological control strategies of the species are reviewed. This summary of the biological information of Russian knapweed is presented as part of a series on the biology of Canadian weeds.

Evaluation of Rust Fungi as Biological Control Agents of WeedyCentaureain North America

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K. Watson ◽  
Michel Clement
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Spotted Knapweed ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Yellow Starthistle ◽  
Russian Knapweed ◽  
Centaurea Repens ◽  
Diffuse Knapweed ◽  
Asteraceae Family ◽  
Introduced Weeds

FourCentaureaspecies, diffuse knapweed (C.diffusaLam. # CENDI, spotted knapweed (C.maculosaLam. # CENMA), yellow starthistle (C.solstitatilisL. # CENSO), and the closely related Russian knapweed [Acroptilon repens(L.) DC. syn.Centaurea repensL. # CENRE] are serious introduced weeds which infest extensive areas of pasture and rangeland in Canada and the United States (1, 10, 14, 17, 18, 26, 30). Russian knapweed and yellow starthistle are also troublesome in cultivated land (1, 14, 26). These four species are members of the Cardueae tribe of the Asteraceae family and have been accidentally introduced from Eurasia as contaminants in crop seed.

Reduce Disease Burden of Human Schistosomiasis in Asia Through Biological Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1118-1132
Author(s):  
Sidra Saleem ◽  
Haroon Ahmed ◽  
Tooba Siddiqui ◽  
Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc ◽  
Aisha Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Near Future

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by a trematode blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma that belongs to the Schistosomatidae family. It is a neglected disease in different regions of Asia. In this review, 218 articles (between 2000 and 2017) related to the topic were collected from PubMed and Google scholar and reviewed. After thoroughly reading collected articles, due to irrelevant topic requirements, 94 articles were excluded. Articles that have data associated with Asian regions are considered. In Asia, the disease is prevalent in China, Philippines, Indonesia, Yemen, Nepal and Laos, etc. While in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, the disease is not endemic and very few cases were reported. The disease was eliminated from Japan and Iran. The current review highlights the geographical distribution among Asian countries, transmission patterns, diagnosis, control strategies based on the use of anthelmintic plants and management practices implemented in Asia for the control of schistosomiasis. However, new implementations to treat schistosomiasis in humans should be proved to eliminate the disease finally in the future. This review emphasizes the biological control of schistosomiasis for the eradication of the disease from Asia in the near future.

Studies on the flowering biology of red sorrel (Rumex acetosella) ramets from lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella

Red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) is a ramet-producing herbaceous creeping perennial species commonly found as a weed in commercially managed lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada. Flowering and seed production occur primarily in overwintering ramets of this species, indicating a potential vernalization requirement for flowering. This study was therefore initiated to examine the role of vernalization, photoperiod, and pre-vernalization stimulus on ramet flowering. Red sorrel ramets propagated from creeping roots and seeds collected from established red sorrel populations in lowbush blueberry had an obligate requirement for vernalization to flower. Ramet populations maintained under pre- and post-vernalization photoperiods of 16 h flowered following 12 weeks of vernalization at 4 ± 0.1 °C, whereas those maintained under constant 16, 14, or 8 h photoperiods without vernalization did not flower. Vernalization for 10 weeks maximized, but did not saturate, the flowering response. Pre-vernalization photoperiod affected flowering response, with increased flowering frequency observed in ramet populations exposed to decreasing, rather than constant, photoperiod prior to vernalization. This study represents the first attempt to determine the combined effects of vernalization and photoperiod on red sorrel flowering, and the results provide a benchmark for the future study of flowering and sexual reproduction in this economically important perennial weed species.

Impact of cultivars and herbicides on weed management in alfalfa

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
S. N. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Weeds, especially dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in F.H. Wigg.), tend to infest a forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stand 2 to 4 yr after establishment. To develop better weed management systems, experiments were conducted at Lethbridge, Alberta, from 1995 to 2002 and Creston, British Columbia, from 1998 to 2001, which included the alfalfa cultivars Beaver (standard type) and AC Blue J (Flemish type) and annual applications of metribuzin and hexazinone. These herbicides are registered for weed control in irrigated alfalfa in Alberta and alfalfa grown for seed. In addition, two sulfonylurea herbicides, metsulfuron and sulfosulfuron, and glyphosate were included. All of the herbicides except glyphosate controlled or suppressed dandelion and mustard family weeds. Metsulfuron at 5 g a.i. ha-1 almost completely controlled dandelion at both locations. However, after metsulfuron application at Lethbridge, dandelion was replaced with an infestation of downy brome, which is unpalatable for cattle. None of the herbicides increased total forage (alfalfa + weed) yield, and in some instances herbicides reduced forage quality by causing a shift from a palatable to an unpalatable weed species. However, it was observed that AC Blue J consistently yielded more than Beaver, and weed biomass was consistently less in the higher-yielding cultivar. AC Blue J was developed primarily for the irrigated area in southern Alberta and for southern British Columbia. Therefore, additional experiments should be conducted to determine which alfalfa cultivars have the greatest ability to compete with weeds in other regions of western Canada. Key words: Alfalfa yield, dandelion, forage quality, weed control

SIMULATION OF INTEGRATED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR OROBANCHE SPP. BASED ON A LIFE CYCLE MODEL

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. KEBREAB ◽  
A. J. MURDOCH
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
High Level

A computer simulation model was developed to investigate strategies for control of the parasitic weed species of Orobanche. The model makes use of data from published literature and predicts infestation levels in a dynamic and deterministic way. It is predicted that sustainable control of the parasite can only be achieved by reducing the soil seed bank to levels of 1000–2000 seeds m−2 and maintaining it at that level in subsequent years. When cultural control methods such as hand weeding, trap/catch cropping, delayed planting, resistant cultivars and solarization were considered individually, a relatively high level of effectiveness was required to contain the soil seed bank. An integrated approach with a selection of appropriate cultural methods is therefore recommended for further testing and validation in the field. The simulations demonstrate the importance of preventing new seeds entering the soil seed bank and that although reducing the soil seed bank may not increase yield for the first few years, it will ultimately increase production.

Development of Cercospora leaf spot on Ipomoea weed species for biological control

BioControl ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia L. Nechet ◽  
Bernardo A. Halfeld-Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot

scholarly journals Conserving carnivorous arthropods: an example from early-season cranberry (Ericaceae) flooding

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
J. van Zoeren ◽  
C. Guédot ◽  
S.A. Steffan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Insecticide Spray

AbstractBiological control plays an important role in many integrated pest management programmes, but can be disrupted by other control strategies, including chemical and cultural controls. In commercial cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton; Ericaceae) production, a spring flood can replace an insecticide application, providing an opportunity to study the compatibility of the flood (a cultural control) with biological control. We suspect that chemical controls will tend to reduce the number of natural enemies, while the flood, through removal of detritus and detritivores, may cause generalist predators to prey-switch to consume proportionally more pest individuals. We measured the abundance of herbivores (Lepidoptera), detritivores, Arachnida, and parasitoids (Hymenoptera) every week for six weeks in Wisconsin (United States of America) cranberry beds following either an insecticide spray or a cultural control flood. We found that detritivore populations rapidly declined in both flood and spray treatments; conversely, carnivore populations (spiders and parasitoids) were more abundant in the flooded beds than in sprayed beds. Populations of key cranberry pests were similar between flooded and sprayed beds. Our results showed that early-season flooding preserved more natural enemies than an insecticide application. This increase in natural enemy abundance after the flood may allow for greater continuity in herbivore suppression, potentially providing a basis for long-term cranberry pest management.

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