CHANGES IN SORGHUM GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT WITH MATURITY AT FOUR LEVELS OF NITROGEN

The changes which occurred in grain protein content with maturity of three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes were investigated at four nitrogen (N) application levels, 0, 35, 70 and 140 kg/ha. Three sorghum genotypes (RCFA × L.187, L.187 and SK 5912) were field-grown at Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria. Grain was sampled at 10, 17, 24 and 67 days after anthesis and grain protein was determined by Kjeldahl methods. The concentration of grain protein of RCFA × L.187 and L.187 increased up to 24 days after anthesis with a peak at 17 days after anthesis in 1977 while in SK 5912, the highest concentration was at 10 days after anthesis in that year. In 1978, the concentration trend was similar to that in 1977 but the behavior of SK 5912 was erratic because an increase in grain protein concentration occurred at 17 days after anthesis only in plants grown on soil supplied with 35 and 70 kg N/ha. In all other treatments, the grain protein concentration of this genotype decreased from 10 to 67 days after anthesis. However, total grain protein yield per hectare increased significantly in all genotypes at harvest over that at 10 days after anthesis.Key words: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, protein content, genotypes, maturity

Download Full-text

Post-anthesis heat and a Gpc-B1 introgression have similar but non-additive effects in bread wheat

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp14060 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (9) ◽

pp. 1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lancelot Maphosa ◽

Nicholas C. Collins ◽

Julian Taylor ◽

Diane E. Mather

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Grain Protein Concentration ◽

Heat Chamber ◽

Introgression Segment ◽

Days After Anthesis

High temperatures during grain filling can reduce the yield of wheat and affect its grain protein concentration. The Gpc-B1 locus of wheat also affects grain protein concentration, but it is not known whether its effects interact with those of heat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high temperature in lines with and without functional (high-protein) alleles at Gpc-B1. A highly replicated experiment was conducted in a glasshouse under control conditions (24/18°C, 14/10 h day/night), with half of the plants of each line or cultivar put into a heat chamber (37/27°C, 14/10 h day/night) at 15 days after anthesis for 3 days. Backcross derivatives with the Gpc-B1 introgression segment differed from their recurrent parents more than those without that segment. In some respects, the effects of the Gpc-B1 introgression were similar to those of the heat treatment: both could accelerate peduncle senescence, increase grain protein content and increase the percentage of unextractable polymeric protein. Unlike the heat treatment, Gpc-B1 did not reduce grain weight, indicating that factors that hasten senescence do not necessarily limit grain size. The presence of the Gpc-B1 segment did not exacerbate the effects of heat stress on any trait.

Download Full-text

The effect of urea fertilizer doses on the chemical characteristics of the Samurai1, Samurai-2, and Pahat mutant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) grain varieties

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 254-261

Author(s):

M. Kurniadi ◽

M. Nurcholis ◽

M. Roeslan ◽

R.A. Widodo ◽

T. Widodo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Protein Content ◽

Total Protein ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Food Ingredient ◽

Urea Fertilizer ◽

Sorghum Flour ◽

Sorghum Grain ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

This research aimed to determine the influence of various doses of urea fertilizer on the chemical characteristics of mutant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) grain varieties Samurai1, Samurai-2, and Pahat. A Fully Randomized Factorial Design was used by employing two factors and three replications. The three varieties of mutant sorghum grain served as the first factor while four doses (i.e., 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg/ha) of urea fertilizer administration served as the second factor. The parameters in the chemical test on the sorghum grain include ash, total protein, amylum, reducing sugar, dissolved protein, and tannin contents. The administration of urea fertilizer significantly influenced the increase in the ash, amylum, reducing sugar, and dissolved protein contents of Samurai-1 but did not significantly do so to such contents of Samurai-2 and Pahat. The urea fertilizer dose of 90 kg/ha gave the best results of the chemical composition of the three types of mutant sorghum grain. Chemically, mutant sorghum flour of the three varieties is qualified as a quality food ingredient with Samurai-1 being the best of the three varieties, in that case, possessing total protein content of 7.90%, amylum (or starch) content of 14.51%, dissolved protein content of 2.38%, reducing sugar content of 2.88%, and tannin content of 0.70%.

Download Full-text

Dry matter partitioning, yield and grain protein content of fine aromatic boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) in response to nitrogen and potassium fertilization

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v50i1.52677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 103-111

Author(s):

Newton Chandra Paul ◽

Swapan Kumar Paul ◽

Md Abdus Salam ◽

Shabuj Chandra Paul

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Potassium Fertilization ◽

Promising Practice ◽

Four Levels ◽

Boro Rice

An experiment was conducted to study dry matter partitioning, yield and grain protein content of fine aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) in response to nitrogen and potassium fertilization. The experiment consisted of four levels of nitrogen viz., 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha and four levels of potassium viz., 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha. The results revealed that at growth stage, the highest total dry matter partitioning and accumulation were obtained from 150 kg N/ha along with 90 kg K/ha at physiological maturity stage. At harvest, the highest number of tillers/hill (8.58), number of grains/panicle (113.9), grain yield (5.15 t/ha) and grain protein content (8.30%) were obtained from 100 kg N/ha along with 90 kg K/ha. Total dry matter partitioning and accumulation were greatly influenced by the application of 150 kg N/ha along with 90 kg K/ha. Application of 100 kg N/ha along with 90 kg K/ha interaction appeared as the promising practice in fine aromatic rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) cultivation in terms of yield and grain protein content.

Download Full-text

On-farm assessment of environmental and management factors influencing wheat grain quality in the Mallee

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar01184 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 811 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Victor Sadras ◽

David Roget ◽

Garry O'Leary

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Test Weight ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Grain Protein Concentration ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Management Factors ◽

Ontogenetic Drift

We used data from 63 grower-managed wheat crops during 3 growing seasons in the Mallee to explore grain protein responses to environmental and management factors. Allometric coefficients were calculated as the slope of the regression between the mass of log-transformed protein and non-protein grain components to account for the effect of ontogenetic drift on grain protein concentration. Test weight and screenings were also investigated. Grain protein concentration ranged from 8.7 to 16.2%; 90% of crops had less than 5% screenings, and 95% had test weight above 74 kg/hL. Screenings increased and test weight declined with increasing concentration of protein, particularly for protein concentration above 13%. Fourteen cultivars were represented in the sampled crops. In comparison with crops of varieties eligible as Australian Premium White, crops of hard wheats had greater protein content, more screenings, lower test weight, and a greater protein : non-protein allometric coefficient, indicating differences in the pattern of protein allocation between these groups of cultivars. Protein concentration declined with increasing yield at a rate �1%/t.ha. It decreased with increasing seasonal rainfall at a rate of 0.014%/mm, and increased with the proportion of water stored below 0.5 m at a rate of 0.121%/%. Delayed sowing between mid April and mid July generated a size-dependent increase in grain protein concentration of 0.027%/day. Increasing protein content could attenuate the profit lost due to delayed sowing by up to AU$39/ha in hard wheats. Wheat grown after legumes accumulated 64% more protein and 47% more non-protein material in the grain than their counterparts grown after cereal, and grain protein concentrations averaged 13.3 and 12.2% respectively. Protein concentration was unrelated to the amount of nitrogen in the whole soil profile (0-1 m), and weakly associated with the amount of initial nitrogen in the 0-0.1 m soil layer; it increased at a rate of 0.038%/kg N.ha. Chemical constraints in the subsoil probably affected the ability of the crop to use, and contributed to the accumulation of nitrogen in deep soil layers.

Download Full-text

Post-anthesis nitrate uptake is critical to yield and grain protein content in Sorghum bicolor

Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.026 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 216 ◽

pp. 118-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Belinda Worland ◽

Nicole Robinson ◽

David Jordan ◽

Susanne Schmidt ◽

Ian Godwin

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Protein Content ◽

Nitrate Uptake ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein

Download Full-text

Factors Affecting the Storage Grain Protein Content of Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) and Their Management

Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science ◽

10.9734/ajrcs/2019/v4i130058 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Anteneh Agezew Melash

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Factors Affecting

This review work aims to evaluate the factors affecting the storage grain protein content of tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) and their management. For commercial production of tetraploid wheat, grain protein content is considered very important. As the grain receive great market attention due to protein premium price paid for farmers, mainly above 13% that will give about 12% of protein in the milled semolina. However, this review state that grain protein content of tetraploid wheat is sensitive to environmental conditions prevailing before and during grain filling, crop genetics and cultural practices. This and associated problems universally call agronomic based alternative solution to ameliorate protein concentration in durum wheat grain. This could be modified through manipulating seeding rates, selection crop varieties, adjusting nitrogen amount and fertilization time and sowing date. The decision of time of nitrogen application however should be made based on the interest of the farmers. If the interest gears towards grain yield, apply nitrogen early in the season and apply the fertilizer later if heading for better protein concentration.

Download Full-text

Relation of grain protein content and some agronomic traits in European cultivars of winter wheat

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1556/crc.2012.0004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 532-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Mladenov ◽

B. Banjac ◽

A. Krishna ◽

M. Milošević

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Protein Content ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein

Download Full-text

Mutant Lines of Spring Wheat with Increased Iron, Zinc, and Micronutrients in Grains and Enhanced Bioavailability for Human Health

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/9692053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Saule Kenzhebayeva ◽

Alfia Abekova ◽

Saule Atabayeva ◽

Gulzira Yernazarova ◽

Nargul Omirbekova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Protein Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Cereal Products ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Stable Mutant ◽

Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽

Mutant Lines

Deficiency of metals, primarily Fe and Zn, affects over half of the world’s population. Human diets dominated by cereal products cause micronutrient malnutrition, which is common in many developing countries where populations depend heavily on staple grain crops such as wheat, maize, and rice. Biofortification is one of the most effective approaches to alleviate malnutrition. Genetically stable mutant spring wheat lines (M7 generation) produced via 100 or 200 Gy gamma treatments to broaden genetic variation for grain nutrients were analyzed for nutritionally important minerals (Ca, Fe, and Zn), their bioavailability, and grain protein content (GPC). Variation was 172.3–883.0 mg/kg for Ca, 40.9–89.0 mg/kg for Fe, and 22.2–89.6 mg/kg for Zn. In mutant lines, among the investigated minerals, the highest increases in concentrations were observed in Fe, Zn, and Ca when compared to the parental cultivar Zhenis. Some mutant lines, mostly in the 100 Gy-derived germplasm, had more than two-fold higher Fe, Zn, and Ca concentrations, lower phytic acid concentration (1.4–2.1-fold), and 6.5–7% higher grain protein content compared to the parent. Variation was detected for the molar ratios of Ca:Phy, Phy:Fe, and Phy:Zn (1.27–10.41, 1.40–5.32, and 1.78–11.78, respectively). The results of this study show how genetic variation generated through radiation can be useful to achieve nutrient biofortification of crops to overcome human malnutrition.

Download Full-text