COMPARATIVE RESPONSES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO GROWTH TEMPERATURE IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) CULTIVARS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. CAULFIELD ◽  
J. A. BUNCE
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Maturity Groups

The effect of temperature during growth on the photosynthetic characteristics of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) was studied using cultivars from Maturity Group 00 (Altona, Fiskeby V, Flambeau, Maple Presto, McCall) and MG VIII (Hampton 266–A, Hardee, Johnston, Kirby). In one experiment plants were grown with 950 μmol m−2s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at 18, 20, 25 and 30 °C. When grown at 20 °C, MG 00 cultivars averaged significantly higher rates of photosynthesis measured at 25 °C and saturating PPFD than did MG VIII cultivars. Cultivars were also grown with a PPFD of 540 μmol m−1 at 17.5, 20.0, 22.5 and 25.0 °C. Maturity Group 00 cultivars averaged higher photosynthetic rates than MG VIII cultivars at the 20.0 and 22.5 °C growth temperatures. The other growth environments produced no significant differences between maturity groups. Photosynthetic rates differed between cultivars, but not maturity groups, after exposure to a single night with a gradual temperature decline to 8 °C. Photosynthetic rates recovered in 28 h. Two cultivars, Altona and Johnston, were grown outdoors at three times during one growing season at Beltsville, and their maximum photosynthetic rates changed depending on the temperatures during leaf development, in agreement with the data from the controlled environment studies.Key words: Soybean, Glycine max [L.] Merrill, photosynthesis, temperature, acclimation

scholarly journals Modelling of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Response to Blue Light Intensity in Controlled Environments

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Tina Hitz ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger ◽  
Sebastian Munz
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Soybean Plants

Low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) under shade is associated with low blue photon flux density (BPFD), which independent from PPFD can induce shade responses, e.g., elongation growth. In this study, the response of soybean to six levels of BPFD under constant PPFD from LED lighting was investigated with regard to morphology, biomass and photosynthesis to increase the knowledge for optimizing the intensity of BPFD for a speed breeding system. The results showed that low BPFD increased plant height, leaf area and biomass and decreased leaf mass ratio. Photosynthetic rate and internode diameter were not influenced. A functional structural plant model of soybean was calibrated with the experimental data. A response function for internode length to the perceived BPFD by the internodes was derived from simulations and integrated into the model. With the aim to optimize lighting for a speed breeding system, simulations with alternative lighting scenarios indicated that decreasing BPFD during the growth period and using different chamber material with a higher reflectance could reduce energy consumption by 7% compared to the experimental setup, while inducing short soybean plants.

Responses of Soybean (Glycine max) and Three C4Grass Weeds to CO2Enrichment During Drought

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Total Dry Weight

In controlled-environment chambers at 29/33 C day/night and 1000 μE·m-2·s-1photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), increasing the CO2concentration from 350 to 675 ppm (v/v) did not affect leaf area or total dry weight of well-watered plants of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. # ECHCG], goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN], or southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris(Retz.) Koel. # DIGSP] after 30 days. However, the whole plant transpiration rate per unit leaf area decreased, and the water use efficiency increased, in response to CO2enrichment. In a subsequent experiment, with water availability limited by an imposed drought, CO2enrichment reduced the effects of water stress and significantly increased leaf area and total dry weight of the three C4grasses and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Ransom’]. Growth enhancement in response to CO2enrichment was greater in soybean than in the C4grasses. By improving their water economy, CO2enrichment can increase the growth of both C3and C4plants under water stress. However, growth stimulation can be expected to be greater in C3plants.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature, Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, and Photoperiod on the Vegetative Growth and Flowering of `Autumn Bliss' Raspberry

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Carew ◽  
K. Mahmood ◽  
J. Darby ◽  
P. Hadley ◽  
N.H. Battey
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photoperiod on vegetative growth and flowering of the raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) `Autumn Bliss' were investigated. Increased temperature resulted in an increased rate of vegetative growth and a greater rate of progress to flowering. Optimum temperatures lay in the low to mid 20°C range. Above this the rate of plant development declined. Increased PPFD also advanced flowering. While photoperiod did not significantly affect the rate of vegetative growth, flowering occurred earliest at intermediate photoperiods and was delayed by extreme photoperiods. These responses suggest that there is potential for adjusting cropping times of raspberry grown under protection by manipulating the environment, especially temperature.

Temperature and photoperiod responses of soybean embryos cultured in vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2411-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. David Raper Jr. ◽  
Robert P. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Excised Embryos

Temperature and photoperiod each have direct effects on growth rate of excised embryos of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). To determine if the effects of photoperiod are altered by temperature, embryos of 'Ransom II' were cultured in vitro at 18, 24, and 30 °C under photoperiod durations of 12 and 18 h at an irradiance of 9 W m−2 (700 to 850 nm) and a photosynthetic photon flux density of 58 μmol m−2 s−1 (400 to 700 nm). Accumulation rates of fresh and dry weight were greater under 18-h than 12-h photoperiods over the entire range of temperature. Water content of the cultured embryos was not affected by photoperiod but was greater at 18 and 30 than 24 °C. The accumulation rate of dry weight increased from 18 to 26 but declined at 30 °C.

scholarly journals Water Use Efficiencies of Different Maturity Group Soybean Cultivars in the Humid Mississippi Delta

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Srinivasa R. Pinnamaneni ◽  
Saseendran S. Anapalli ◽  
Daniel K. Fisher ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production System ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies

Introducing alternative cultivars with enhanced water use efficiencies can help alleviate pressure on groundwater for crop irrigations in Mississippi (MS) Delta. A two-year field study was conducted in 2019–2020 to compare the water use efficiencies (WUE) of recently released and pre-released soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merr.} cultivars in maturity group (MG) III (‘P37A78’, ‘LG03-4561-14’), IV (‘Dyna-gro 4516x’, ‘DS25-1, DT97-4290’), and V (‘S12-1362’, ‘S14-16306’) in the MS Delta. The experimental design was a split-plot with cultivar as the first factor and the second factor was water variant irrigation (IR) and no irrigation (RF, rainfed), replicated three times. The MG IV cultivar Dyna-gro 4516x recorded the highest grain yield and WUE: grain yields were 4.58 Mg ha−1 and 3.89 Mg ha−1 under IR and RF, respectively in 2019, and 4.74 Mg ha−1 and 4.35 Mg ha−1 in 2020. The WUE were 7.2 and 6.9 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively, in 2019 under IR and RF, and 13.4 and 16.9 kg ha−1 mm−1 in 2020. The data reveals that ‘Dyna-gro 4516x’ (MG IV), ‘LG03-4561-14’ (MG III), and ‘P37A78’ (MG III) are best adapted to the early soybean production system (ESPS) in MS Delta region for sustainable production for conserving water resources.

scholarly journals LED Illumination Spectrum Manipulation for Increasing the Yield of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Md Momtazur Rahman ◽  
Mikhail Vasiliev ◽  
Kamal Alameh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
White Led ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Optimal Illumination

Manipulation of the LED illumination spectrum can enhance plant growth rate and development in grow tents. We report on the identification of the illumination spectrum required to significantly enhance the growth rate of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants in grow tent environments by controlling the LED wavebands illuminating the plants. Since the optimal illumination spectrum depends on the plant type, this work focuses on identifying the illumination spectrum that achieves significant basil biomass improvement compared to improvements reported in prior studies. To be able to optimize the illumination spectrum, several steps must be achieved, namely, understanding plant biology, conducting several trial-and-error experiments, iteratively refining experimental conditions, and undertaking accurate statistical analyses. In this study, basil plants are grown in three grow tents with three LED illumination treatments, namely, only white LED illumination (denoted W*), the combination of red (R) and blue (B) LED illumination (denoted BR*) (relative red (R) and blue (B) intensities are 84% and 16%, respectively) and a combination of red (R), blue (B) and far-red (F) LED illumination (denoted BRF*) (relative red (R), blue (B) and far-red (F) intensities are 79%, 11%, and 10%, respectively). The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was set at 155 µmol m−2 s−1 for all illumination treatments, and the photoperiod was 20 h per day. Experimental results show that a combination of blue (B), red (R), and far-red (F) LED illumination leads to a one-fold increase in the yield of a sweet basil plant in comparison with only white LED illumination (W*). On the other hand, the use of blue (B) and red (R) LED illumination results in a half-fold increase in plant yield. Understanding the effects of LED illumination spectrum on the growth of plant sweet basil plants through basic horticulture research enables farmers to significantly improve their production yield, thus food security and profitability.

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