INFLUENCE OF TRANSPLANTING DATE ON THE AGRONOMIC, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. COURT ◽  
JOHN G. HENDEL ◽  
MICHAEL R. BINNS
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Grade Index ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A field experiment was conducted from 1983 to 1987 on a Fox loamy sand soil to study the effects of transplanting date on selected agronomic, physical, and chemical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown in Ontario. Tobacco plants (cv. Delgold) were transplanted at 3- to 5-d intervals commencing at approximately the middle of May and continuing for seven to nine planting dates into June. Delaying transplanting decreased yield, returns, total alkaloids, hexane extracts, lamina weight and percent lamina. Delaying transplanting also increased the chlorophyll content of the leaf but had no effect on reducing sugars, and only reduced grade index late in the planting season.Key words: Tobacco (flue-cured), transplanting date, yield, quality, tobacco chemistry

scholarly journals Influence of Tobacco Plant on Macronutrient Levels in Sandy Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Lisuma ◽  
Ernest Mbega ◽  
Patrick Ndakidemi
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is associated with great uptake of soil macronutrients. Following the need to understand the macronutrients levels before and after tobacco cultivation, research was conducted in loamy sand soil of Sikonge, Urambo, and sand soil of Tabora, Tanzania. The initial macronutrients levels in the soil were compared with those measured after unfertilized and fertilized tobacco. Results showed that unfertilized tobacco plant influences the increase of nicotine to the rhizosphere, the macronutrients Ca (135%) > N (25%), decrease in the order of S (81%) > P (49%) > Mg (12%) > K (11%). The sole effect of nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) and calcium–ammonium–nitrate (CAN) 27% fertilizers increased further nicotine, Ca (25%) > N (20%) > S (8%) > Mg (4%) > P (3%), and decreased K (3%) in the rhizosphere. Both tobacco plant and NPK + CAN fertilizers on the rhizosphere increased Ca (193%) > N (50%) and decreased S (80%) > P (48%) > K (14%) > Mg (8%). Leaf concentrations in fertilized tobacco increased Ca (197%) > K (28%) > P (27%) > S (26%) > N (18%) > Mg (12%). Therefore, tobacco plant increases soil N and Ca but decreases P, K, Mg, and S.

DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE OF TWO VARIETIES OF CIGAR TOBACCO TO VARIATIONS IN PLANT POPULATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
F. H. White
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Grade Index ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The effect of spacing and nitrogen fertilizer levels on some agronomic, physical, and chemical characteristics of two varieties of cigar tobacco were compared over a 3-year period.At each of two nitrogen fertilizer levels, the variety Pennsylvania Broadleaf, irrespective of plant spacing, produced higher yields and returns per acre, more leaves per plant and weight per leaf, but a higher percentage of midrib and yellow trash leaf than the variety Resistant Havana 211. Although the differences between the varieties at each nitrogen level were relatively unaffected by plant spacing, the 20-in. spacing caused a decrease in yield, crop returns, and percentage of yellow leaf and an increase in weight per leaf and percentage of filler leaf from that obtained with the 16-in. spacing. An increase in nitrogen fertilizer from 24 to 60 lb per acre had little effect on Resistant Havana 211 other than to increase the weight per leaf. The additional nitrogen with Pennsylvania Broadleaf, however, increased the yield, crop returns, weight per leaf, and percentage of filler leaf. The variation in rate of nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on grade index, number of leaves per plant, and percentages of nicotine, nornicotine, and total alkaloids in both varieties.The combination of 16-in. spacing with 60 lb of nitrogen was superior to other combinations of 16- or 20-in. spacing with 24 or 60 lb of nitrogen per acre for the production of cigar filler leaf in each of two varieties.

RESPONSE OF CIGAR TOBACCO TO DIFFERENT DATES OF PLANTING AND SPACING

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
V. KOZUMPLIK ◽  
P. P. LUKOSEVICIUS
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Grade Index

Response of cigar tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in morphological, agronomic and chemical characteristics to date of planting and planting distance was studied during 1971–73. A cultivar and a breeding line of cigar tobacco were transplanted outdoors on 26 May, 9 (or 12) June and 23 June. The tobacco was spaced 36, 41 and 46 cm in rows that were 97 cm apart. The best results were obtained when cigar tobacco was transplanted not later than 9 June, and the plants were spaced 41 cm in the rows that were 97 cm apart. The highest number of leaves per plant, cured-leaf yield, percentage of nicotine and total alkaloids were obtained from the tobacco transplanted on the first or second date in 3 yr. In 2 yr, the later tobacco had the tallest plants, the largest leaves, the highest percent filler leaf, grade and crop index. Earlier-transplanted tobacco was harvested earlier, although the period to flower decreased with later date of planting. On the average, the tobacco spaced 41 cm was taller and had a shorter period to flower, and higher yield and crop index than that spaced 36 cm or 46 cm. Grade index, percent filler leaf, nicotine and total alkaloids were affected significantly by the distance in 1 yr only.

Genetic analysis of quantitative characters in cigar and pipe tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum. III. Economic indices: grade index, yield, and crop revenue

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Ogilvie ◽  
V. Kozumplik
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
Grade Index ◽  
Pipe Tobacco

A diallel cross of four cigar cultivars and one pipe tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar was analyzed for the following parameters: grade index, yield, crop revenue or index, percentage of nicotine, percentage of total alkaloids, and susceptability to pole rot. The experiment was performed over 3 years. Analysis was done for general combining ability and specific combining ability. General combining ability was greater than specific combining ability for all variables although significant specific combining ability effects were also present for all parameters with the exception of nicotine and total alkaloids. Reciprocal effects were completely absent. The line Pennbel 69 showed a positive general combining ability effect for yield, crop index, and infestation by pole rot and a high negative general combining ability effect for grade index and percentage of nicotine and total alkaloids. Petit Havane showed a complete reverse of general combining ability effects for these parameters while the other three cultivars were intermediate. High positive specific combining ability effects for grade index, yield, and crop index and high negative specific combining ability effects for the percentage of pole rot were shown by crosses of Pennbel 69.

L’INFLUENCE DU STADE D’ECIMAGE ET DE LA DISTANCE DE PLANTATION SUR LES CARACTERISTIQUES AGRONOMIQUES ET CHIMIQUES DU TABAC A CIGARETTE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109-1112
Author(s):  
MICHEL LAMARRE
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Grade Index

The influence of the stage of topping and the planting distance as they influenced agronomic and chemical characters during the years 1974–1976 was studied on cigarette tobacco. The plants were spaced 41, 51 and 61 cm in the row, 122 cm between rows. The tobacco was topped at the early button stage, the button stage and at 25% flowering. A planting distance of 41 cm with early topping produced the best results, taking into consideration both agronomic and chemical factors. Early topping had no significant effect on yield, grade index, maturity index and percentage of reducing sugars. Late topping reduced revenue, percentage of nicotine, total alkaloids and total nitrogen. Close planting in the row increased yield and revenue while it decreased the level of total alkaloids and total nitrogen and had no significant effect on the other parameters studied.

Influence de la fertilisation azotée sur la production du tabac à cigarette au Québec

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-419
Author(s):  
Michel Lamarre ◽  
Suzanne Payette
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée

The effect of nitrogen applications on flue-cured tobacco production and chemical composition have been observed for 5 yr. The nitrogen applications resulted in an increase of yield, gross return, total alkaloids and total nitrogen and a decrease of quality index, maturity index, reducing sugars and ratio of reducing sugars:total alkaloids. The use of 30–45 kg ha−1 of nitrogen, depending on soil type and the cultivar, produces a tobacco with acceptable agronomic and chemical characteristics.Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen, yield, quality, gross return, total alkaloids, total N, reducing sugars

scholarly journals Changes in Physical and Chemical Properties of a Loamy Sand Soil When Amended With Composted Poultry Litter

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
William C. Fonteno
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of composted poultry litter (CPL) on the physical and chemical properties of a loamy sand soil. To accomplish this, a loamy sand soil, amended with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% by volume with CPL, was placed in 3.8-liter (#1) container for 13 weeks. Substrate pH increased with increasing rates of CPL. For most landscape plants, pH was in the recommended range (5.5 ≤ pH ≤ 6.5) at 10% to 30% CPL incorporation. Cation exchange capacity, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg increased linearly with increasing rates of CPL. The 20% amendment rate raised the available P, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg to levels within the recommended range for landscape plants (N.C. Dept, of Agr.). Total porosity and unavailable water increased linearly with increasing rate of CPL amendment from 42% to 55.5% and 4% to 30.2%, respectively. Bulk density decreased linearly with increasing CPL concentration. Water content and available water capacity increased with increasing CPL rates. CPL amended soil had a 100% to 116% increase in available water capacity, compared to unamended soil. Amending soil with CPL reduced air space 3% to 36% with the largest decrease occurring between 20% and 30% CPL. This data supports the use of composted poultry litter to improve the chemical and physical properties of a loamy sand soil.

CORRELATION STUDIES AMONG AND BETWEEN AGRONOMIC, CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND SMOKE CHARACTERISTICS IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. WHITE ◽  
R. S. PANDEYA ◽  
V. A. DIRKS
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grade Index ◽  
Leaf Alkaloids

Coefficients of correlation among 23 characteristics were determined for several flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivars and advanced generation breeding lines, representing a wide range of variability for each characteristic. The variables were grouped into agronomic, chemical and physical characteristics of the leaf and smoke properties of cigarettes. Most of the traits studied in these individual groups could be classed into two main categories in terms of their relationship to yield, leaf alkaloids, smoke total particulate matter (TPM) and wet tar (WT). Those agronomic characteristics positively associated with yield were negatively correlated with leaf total alkaloids, lamina weight and smoke TPM, WT and alkaloids on a per cigarette basis. Conversely, grade index and the average length of the three top leaves, which were in negative association with yield, showed a positive relationship with leaf total alkaloids and smoke characteristics. Leaf total alkaloids and lamina weight, in positive association with each other, were positively correlated with smoke TPM, WT, and alkaloids. However, both of these traits were negatively correlated with yield.

Quantitative genetic studies in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). II. Certain physical and chemical characters

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Pandeya ◽  
V. A. Dirks ◽  
G. Poushinsky ◽  
B. F. Zilkey
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Percent Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Genetic analyses of flue-cured tobacco leaf physical characteristics (percent lamina, lamina weight, and filling value) and chemical characteristics (percent total alkaloids, reducing sugars, nitrogen, ash, and cellulose) were conducted on a five parent diallel set (excluding reciprocals) evaluated at the Delhi Research Station in a randomized block design over a 2-year period. The ANOVA indicated that there was variance associated with the genetic source for all characteristics except filling value. Griffing's analysis for variances owing to general and specific combining abilities suggested additive genetic variance as the main source of genetic variation. Variances owing to specific combining ability for all traits were exceeded by the variance of the estimates indicating dominance to be of no major consequence in the expression of these physical and chemical traits. Total alkaloids and percent nitrogen expressed maximum heritability, and Wr–Vr graphs supported the conclusions. Parental diversity was evident from the scatter of array points and graphic analysis also indicated lack of dominance. Examination of pleiotropic effects revealed that traits related positively with alkaloids and nitrogen were negatively correlated with carbohydrate fractions such as reducing sugars and cellulose.Key words: tobacco, heritability, dominance, additive effects.

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