DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE OF TWO VARIETIES OF CIGAR TOBACCO TO VARIATIONS IN PLANT POPULATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

The effect of spacing and nitrogen fertilizer levels on some agronomic, physical, and chemical characteristics of two varieties of cigar tobacco were compared over a 3-year period.At each of two nitrogen fertilizer levels, the variety Pennsylvania Broadleaf, irrespective of plant spacing, produced higher yields and returns per acre, more leaves per plant and weight per leaf, but a higher percentage of midrib and yellow trash leaf than the variety Resistant Havana 211. Although the differences between the varieties at each nitrogen level were relatively unaffected by plant spacing, the 20-in. spacing caused a decrease in yield, crop returns, and percentage of yellow leaf and an increase in weight per leaf and percentage of filler leaf from that obtained with the 16-in. spacing. An increase in nitrogen fertilizer from 24 to 60 lb per acre had little effect on Resistant Havana 211 other than to increase the weight per leaf. The additional nitrogen with Pennsylvania Broadleaf, however, increased the yield, crop returns, weight per leaf, and percentage of filler leaf. The variation in rate of nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on grade index, number of leaves per plant, and percentages of nicotine, nornicotine, and total alkaloids in both varieties.The combination of 16-in. spacing with 60 lb of nitrogen was superior to other combinations of 16- or 20-in. spacing with 24 or 60 lb of nitrogen per acre for the production of cigar filler leaf in each of two varieties.

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RESPONSE OF CIGAR TOBACCO TO DIFFERENT DATES OF PLANTING AND SPACING

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps75-041 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 303-308

Author(s):

V. KOZUMPLIK ◽

P. P. LUKOSEVICIUS

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Breeding Line ◽

Total Alkaloids ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽

Leaf Yield ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Planting Distance ◽

Grade Index

Response of cigar tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in morphological, agronomic and chemical characteristics to date of planting and planting distance was studied during 1971–73. A cultivar and a breeding line of cigar tobacco were transplanted outdoors on 26 May, 9 (or 12) June and 23 June. The tobacco was spaced 36, 41 and 46 cm in rows that were 97 cm apart. The best results were obtained when cigar tobacco was transplanted not later than 9 June, and the plants were spaced 41 cm in the rows that were 97 cm apart. The highest number of leaves per plant, cured-leaf yield, percentage of nicotine and total alkaloids were obtained from the tobacco transplanted on the first or second date in 3 yr. In 2 yr, the later tobacco had the tallest plants, the largest leaves, the highest percent filler leaf, grade and crop index. Earlier-transplanted tobacco was harvested earlier, although the period to flower decreased with later date of planting. On the average, the tobacco spaced 41 cm was taller and had a shorter period to flower, and higher yield and crop index than that spaced 36 cm or 46 cm. Grade index, percent filler leaf, nicotine and total alkaloids were affected significantly by the distance in 1 yr only.

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Production and quality of mini watermelon cv. Smile irrigated with saline water

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n10p897-902 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 897-902 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alan B. O. de Sousa ◽

Sérgio N. Duarte ◽

Osvaldo N. de Sousa Neto ◽

Ana C. M. Souza ◽

Pedro R. F. Sampaio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Saline Water ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Physical And Chemical Variables ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Number Of Branches

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the salt tolerance of mini watermelon (cv. Smile). The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Biosystems Engineering of ESALQ/USP. The experimental design was randomized blocks. The plants were irrigated with five levels of salinity (S1 = 1.0; S2 = 2.0; S3 = 3.0; S4 = 4.0 and S5 = 5.0 dS m-1). At 85 days after the beginning of the experiment, the plants and the physical and chemical variables of the fruit were evaluated. Salinity negatively affected the variables: length of the main stem, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, fresh and dry matter. Regarding the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits, salinity reduced the mass, diameter and the pH of the fruit, but increased its vitamin C content. In general, the results suggest that the mini watermelon (cv. Smile) is moderately sensitive to salinity.

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Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) pada Level Pemupukan dan Jarak Tanam yang Berbeda

Journal of Agro Complex ◽

10.14710/joac.1.2.49-56 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jessica Raditya ◽

Endang Dwi Purbajanti ◽

Widyati Slamet

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Dose Treatment ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Range Test

This research aimed to study the growth and yield of Okra at different nitrogen fertilizer levels and plant spacing. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized factorial design with plant spacing (50x50 and 50x75 cm) as the first factor and nitrogen fertilizer level (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N/ha) as the second factor. Each treatments was repeated three times. Parameters measured were stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruits per plot, and weight of fruits per plot. Data were subjected to ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that adding 50 kg N/ha increased stem diameter and number of leaves. The treatment of 50x50 cm spacing and 150 kg N/ha dose had the highest number of fruits per plot and weight of fruits per plot, and significantly different with 0 kg N/ha dose treatment in all parameters.

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INFLUENCE OF TRANSPLANTING DATE ON THE AGRONOMIC, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps89-128 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 1063-1069 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

WILLIAM A. COURT ◽

JOHN G. HENDEL ◽

MICHAEL R. BINNS

Keyword(s):

Reducing Sugars ◽

Sand Soil ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Total Alkaloids ◽

Loamy Sand Soil ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

Yield Quality ◽

Grade Index ◽

Physical And Chemical

A field experiment was conducted from 1983 to 1987 on a Fox loamy sand soil to study the effects of transplanting date on selected agronomic, physical, and chemical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown in Ontario. Tobacco plants (cv. Delgold) were transplanted at 3- to 5-d intervals commencing at approximately the middle of May and continuing for seven to nine planting dates into June. Delaying transplanting decreased yield, returns, total alkaloids, hexane extracts, lamina weight and percent lamina. Delaying transplanting also increased the chlorophyll content of the leaf but had no effect on reducing sugars, and only reduced grade index late in the planting season.Key words: Tobacco (flue-cured), transplanting date, yield, quality, tobacco chemistry

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Qualidade de cultivares de gérbera de vaso em diferentes granulometrias do substrato

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.14295/oh.v23i2.999 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Amaralina Celoto Guerrero ◽

Dirceu Maximino Fernandes ◽

Fernanda Ludwig ◽

Guilherme Amaral Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Pine Bark ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Gerbera Jamesonii ◽

Stem Height ◽

Paulo State ◽

Golden Yellow ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Physical And Chemical

This research was conducted to evaluate the quality of pot gerbera in different granulometries of pine bark substrate. The experiment was carried out in protected environment, in the municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in 5 x 2 factorial scheme (5 substrates and 2 cultivars) and 4 replicates. The substrate was pine bark separated into five granulometries [4-2 mm, 2-1 mm, <4 mm, <2 mm and <1 mm (approximate aeration percentage of 40, 35, 25, 20 and 10%, respectively)]. The utilized cultivars of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) were Cherry and Golden Yellow. The pots were subjected to quality analysis, in which possible consumers received a form to evaluate the pots regarding the overall aspect of leaves, inflorescences and general aspect of the pot. Then, the following variables were evaluated: number of leaves, plant diameter, stem height, stem diameter, capitulum diameter, number of inflorescences, dry phytomass of shoots and inflorescences and qualitative analysis. Plant quality was directly influenced by the physical and chemical characteristics promoted by the pine bark granulometries, with best results in the substrates with granulometries < 2 mm and < 1 mm

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The effect of nitrogen fertilization level on growth, yield and nodulation of Indigofera zollingeriana at early nursery stage

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-362 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Budiman Nohong ◽

Syahdar Baba ◽

Muhammad Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

High Dose ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Indigofera Zollingeriana

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer level on growth, dry matter yield and nodulation of Indigofera zollingeriana plant at during the nursery. The experiments were arranged in a complete randomized design consisting of four treatments and four replications. The utilized four levels of the nitrogen fertilizer were 0 (P0), 100 (P1), 150 (P2) and 200 kg N/ha (P3) equivalent to 0, 0.15, 0.23 and 0.30 g N/polybag respectively. The variables in this study included the plant height, stem diameter, number of petioles per plant, length of petiole, number of leaves per plant, root length for each plant and dry matter yield. The results showed that the fertilizer doses increased the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, and dry matter yield of leaf, leaf petiole, stem, root and nodule. It could be concluded that nitrogen fertilization was effective in stimulating growth, production and nodulation at early nursery stage, yet higher nitrogen doses (200 Kg N/ha) are ineffective and have inhibitory effects of growth and production. Therefore, high-dose nitrogen fertilizers in legume plants should be avoided because Indigofera zollingeriana is able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere as in other legumes.

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Characterization of defects in tabular silver halide grains

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100178367 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 1046-1047

Author(s):

C. Goessens ◽

D. Schryvers ◽

J. Van Landuyt ◽

A. Verbeeck ◽

R. De Keyzer

Keyword(s):

Radiation Damage ◽

Silver Halide ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

X Ray ◽

Free Region ◽

Central Defect ◽

Crystallographic Defects ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Two Sides

Silver halide grains (AgX, X=Cl,Br,I) are commonly recognized as important entities in photographic applications. Depending on the preparation specifications one can grow cubic, octahedral, tabular a.o. morphologies, each with its own physical and chemical characteristics. In the present study crystallographic defects introduced by the mixing of 5-20% iodide in a growing AgBr tabular grain are investigated. X-ray diffractometry reveals the existence of a homogeneous Ag(Br1-xIx) region, expected to be formed around the AgBr kernel. In fig. 1 a two-beam BF image, taken at T≈100 K to diminish radiation damage, of a triangular tabular grain is presented, clearly showing defect contrast fringes along four of the six directions; the remaining two sides show similar contrast under relevant diffraction conditions. The width of the central defect free region corresponds with the pure AgBr kernel grown before the mixing with I. The thickness of a given grain lies between 0.15 and 0.3 μm: as indicated in fig. 2 triangular (resp. hexagonal) grains exhibit an uneven (resp. even) number of twin interfaces (i.e., between + and - twin variants) parallel with the (111) surfaces. The thickness of the grains and the existence of the twin variants was confirmed from CTEM images of perpendicular cuts.

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