Use of inbred seedling cold tolerance to predict hybrid cold tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Aidun ◽  
W. N. Migus ◽  
R. I. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Common Parent ◽  
Seedling Cold Tolerance

The ability of a corn genotype to emerge in the cold, and the development of hardier corn lines is important for reliable corn production in Southern Manitoba. The study sought to determine if inbred cold tolerance could be used to predict accurately hybrid cold tolerance. Eighteen single-cross maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids were formed by crossing the known cold-tolerant inbred CO255 to each of 18 inbred lines. Following germination, five seedlings of each inbred and hybrid were arranged in a five-replicate RCBD and grown in a growth cabinet maintained at 10 °C. Weekly observations of colour and leaf viability, shoot growth, stage of development, and number of dead plants were averaged over the five replicates providing weekly mean values. By averaging weekly values over the 5-wk study, overall mean values were obtained upon which the genotypes were ranked for relative cold tolerance. Correlation coefficients between weekly measures and the final rankings suggested future estimates of cold tolerance could be accurately obtained from an initial observation at emergence, and one at seedling harvest, with only shoot length, leaf viability, leaf colour, and dead plants being noted. No maternal effects were found among six reciprocal crosses involving the common parent CO255. In the final evaluation of cold tolerance CO255 did impart cold tolerance to the respective hybrids, although no common pattern of inheritance was found for the hybrids studied. We concluded that inbred cold tolerance cannot be used to predict accurately hybrid cold tolerance. Key words: Zea mays L., corn, maize, inheritance, cold tolerance, chilling, seedling

scholarly journals Overexpression of the ZmSAMDC Enhances Cold Tolerance in Transgenic Maize (Zea Mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Jiao ◽  
Shiyou Jin ◽  
Nannan Chen ◽  
Chunlai Wang ◽  
Siyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Transgenic Maize ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) is a food crop sensitive to low temperatures. Low temperature, as one of the abiotic stress hazards, seriously affects the yield of corn. However, the genetic basis of low-temperature adaptation in maize is still poorly understood. In this study, maize S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) was localized on the nucleus. We introduced the SAMDC gene into the excellent maize inbred line variety GSH9901 and used Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to produce cold-tolerant transgenic maize lines. After a 3-year single-location field trial, the contents of polyamine (PA), proline, malondialdehyde, an antioxidant enzyme, and APX in the leaves of transgenic maize plants overexpressing SAMDC were significantly increased, and the introduction of the SAMDC gene was significantly increased the expression of CBFs and cold-related genes.The agronomic traits of overexpression maize changed and the yield traits were significantly improved, but no significant changes were found in plant height, ear length, and shaft thickness.Thus, engineering the SAMDC enzyme is an effective strategy to improve the cold tolerance and value of maize.

scholarly journals Polyamine biosynthetic pathways and their relation with the cold tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1807722
Author(s):  
Canhong Gao ◽  
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽  
Jiajun Han ◽  
Zhaorong Dong ◽  
Ronghui Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways

scholarly journals Evaluation of inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) through line × tester method

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-683
Author(s):  
MN Amin ◽  
M Amiruzzaman ◽  
A Ahmed ◽  
MR Ali
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wide Range

Maize inbred lines were evaluated by using line × tester method involving 11 lines and 3 testers for grain yield and its components through estimation of general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) effects. Highly significant genotypic differences were observed indicated wide range of variability present among the genotypes. The crosses with high sca effect for grain yield were evolved from high × low general combiner parents which reveled additive × dominance type of gene action. The cross combinations 9MS4-1 × L22, 9MS4-1 × L486, 9MS4-2 × L431, 9MS4-11 × L486 and 9MS4- 15 × L431 with high positive sca effect having high mean values might be used for obtaining high yielding hybrids. The information on the nature of gene action with respective variety and characters might be used depending on the breeding objectives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22547 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(4): 675-683, December 2014

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE ON CORN SEED QUALITY

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. NAVRATIL ◽  
JOSEPH S. BURRIS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Inbred Parent

Seed produced on three widely grown public corn (Zea mays L.) inbreds were tested for tolerance to drying injury. Inbred parents A632, B73, and Mo17 were grown in 1979 and 1980. The single cross H99 × H95 was used as a pollinator both years. Random ear samples were collected, to obtain ears with moisture percentages ranging from approximately 50 to 20%, and dried to 12% moisture at 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, and 50 °C. Inbred parents were found to differ in tolerance to high drying temperatures. A632 was the most tolerant to high drying temperatures whereas B73 and Mo17 were relatively intolerant. Field performance of dried seed was similar to that observed in laboratory tests. Combined analyses yielded significant inbred-parent by harvest-moisture by drying-temperature interactions for germination and cold-test emergence percentages. These interactions do not allow for simple recommendations of safe harvest moistures and drying temperatures. Components from the combined analysis that had a P > F of 0.30 or less were then used to predict mean values for A632, B73, and Mo17 germination, cold-test emergence, seedling dry weight and the ratio of shoot to root dry weight. Values for the ratio variable indicated that root development is more susceptible to injury than is shoot development. These predicted values provide seed producers with information on the quality responses that they could expect when seed of A632, B73, or Mo17 is harvested at different moisture contents and dried at different drying temperatures.Key words: Drying, seed quality, Zea mays L.

Genotypic Variation for Cold Tolerance among Twelve Maize (Zea mays L.) Populations

1986 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Pozzi ◽  
E. Gentinetta ◽  
F. Salamini ◽  
M. Motto
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Genotypic Variation

scholarly journals Seed-to-seed early-season cold resiliency in sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Emendack ◽  
Jacobo Sanchez ◽  
Chad Hayes ◽  
Matthew Nesbitt ◽  
Haydee Laza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Ethiopian Highland ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Seedling Cold Tolerance

AbstractEarly planted sorghum usually experiences cooler day/night temperatures, which may result in delayed growth, floral initiation, and infertile pollen, limiting productivity in high altitudes and temperate regions. Genetic variability for cold tolerance in sorghum has been evaluated by characterizing germination, emergence, vigor, and seedling growth under sub-optimal temperatures. However, the compounded effect of early season cold on plant growth and development and subsequent variability in potential grain yield losses has not been evaluated. Agro-morphological and physiological responses of sorghum grown under early-, mid-, and standard planting dates in West Texas were characterized from seed-to-seed. A set of diverse lines and hybrids with two major sources of tolerance, and previously selected for seedling cold tolerance were used. These were evaluated with a standard commercial hybrid known for its seedling cold tolerance and some cold susceptible breeding lines as checks. Variabilities in assessed parameters at seedling, early vegetative, and maturity stages were observed across planting dates for genotypes and sources of cold tolerance. Panicle initiation was delayed, and panicle size reduced, resulting in decreased grain yields under early and mid-planting dates. Coupled with final germination percent, panicle width and area were significant unique predictors of yield under early and mid-planting dates. Significant variability in performance was observed not only between cold tolerant and susceptible checks, but noticeably between sources of cold tolerance, with the Ethiopian highland sources having lesser yield penalties than their Chinese counterparts. Thus, screening for cold tolerance should not be limited to early seedling characterization but should also consider agronomic traits that may affect yield penalties depending on the sources of tolerance.

Effects of hybrids, population densities, fertilization and irrigation on grain corn (Zea mays L.) in Quebec

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Liang ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie ◽  
M. Remillard
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Loam Soil

The increase in area for corn production in eastern Canada has stimulated the search for improvements in corn management practices to obtain higher yields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, plant population density, rates of fertilization and irrigation on grain yield. A field experiment was conducted on a Chicot sandy clay loam soil in Quebec from 1984 to 1986. Corn attained grain yields of 10.9–15.2 Mg ha−1. These yields were attained only when all management inputs were at optimum levels. No single hybrid was superior over the 3-yr-period. High plant population densities, if not accompanied by other inputs, decreased yields. In moist, cooler years, effects of management factors were reduced, and only high plant population densities seemed to increase production. High rates of fertilization increased yields only when other management levels were high.Key words: Population density, irrigation, fertilization, hybrid, Zea mays, grain

scholarly journals Effects of Different Levels of Phosphorous and Zinc Fertilizers on the Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Maize (Zea mays L.) on Luvisols in Northern Guinea Savannah Region of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maryam Abdullahi ◽  
Abubakar Bello
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Experimental Plots

The study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of phosphorous and zinc fertilizers on the yield and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) The experiments were  conducted in a factorial experiment under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to determine the effect of P and Zn applications on TZL white composite improved variety            of maize. Four levels of phosphorus (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg P ha-1) and three levels of zinc (0, 5 and 10kg Zn ha-1) were applied on experimental plots of 4.5m x 5m replicated thrice.  The results shows no significant differences in both the  years however, highest mean values of 2327.5 kg ha-1  and 2191.5 kg ha-1 was recorded at 20 kg P ha-1 and 10 kg Zn ha-1 Application of P and Zn at different rates increases their uptake in the stover with highest values of 22.57 mg -1 kg  and 7.8 mg -1 kg  in 2018  at 30 kg Pha-1 and 18.40 mg -1 kg  and 5.21 mg -1 kg  at 20 kg Pha-1  in 2019. While 26.54 mg -1 kg and 21.85 mg -1 kg in 2018 at 10 kg Znha-1 and 6.76 mg -1 kg and 5.27 mg -1 kg in 2019 with 0 kg Znha-1 respectively. It is therefore recommended the best results of the application of 30kg P ha-1 and 10 kg Zn ha -1 should be adopted for optimum yield of maize.

PHOTOSYNTHATE TRANSLOCATION IN TILLERED ZEA MAYS FOLLOWING 14CO2 ASSIMILATION

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. ALOFE ◽  
L. E. SCHRADER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
14Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Photosynthate Translocation

Photosynthate translocation in field-grown corn (Zea mays L.) as influenced by tillering was studied by offering 14CO2 to a leaf blade on either the main stalk or tiller. Translocation from the labeled leaf blade of the main stalk or its tiller differed markedly depending upon stage of development at labeling and harvest. In plants assimilating 14CO2 before tasseling, little photosynthate was translocated from the labeled plant to the tiller, or conversely. When the ear leaf blade of the main plant was labeled with14CO2 4 days post-silking, the main ear and stalk were major sinks for 14C-assimilates until physiological maturity. When the tiller ear leaf blade was labeled, the tiller stalk was the major sink at first, but the tiller ear became a strong sink later. During grain filling, source-sink relationships were strongly dependent upon the presence of ears on the main plant, tiller, or both. When both had an ear, the developing ear on the labeled main plant or tiller was the major sink. When neither had an ear, the stalk of the labeled main plant or tiller was the major sink. When the labeled tiller had no ear, 14C-photosynthate was translocated to the ear on the main plant; an earless main plant also supplied the tiller ear.

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