In vitro propagation and bulb formation of garlic

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. A. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Bulb Formation ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Garlic (Allium sativum and A. ampeloprasum) shoot cultures were established in vitro for cultivars Block, Chets, Shaw, #72 and Elephant garlic. Explants comprised a small (1–3 mm) piece of basal plate, an axillary bud and one or two subtending bulb scales. A medium containing MS salts and 0.1 mg L−1 (0.5 μM) NAA and 2.0 mg L−1 (8.8 μM) BAP or 2iP promoted axillary shoot multiplication., Bulb formation of garlic shoot cultures was obtained on a medium containing a lower concentration of macro- and minor elements. The substitution of glucose and manitol for sucrose resulted in a bulbing medium with higher carbohydrate levels than the multiplication medium. Genotypic differences for both shoot multiplication and bulb formation in vitro were observed. The mean number of shoots produced were: Chets (9.5), #72 (8.0), Elephant (7.2), Shaw (7.1) and Block (6.1). The mean numbers of bulbs per 50 shoot explants were: Chets (62), Elephant (44), #72 (43), Shaw (26) and Block (9). Key words:Allium sativum, Allium ampeloprasum, genotypic responses, micro-propagation, tissue culture

scholarly journals Endophytic Bacteria in Banana In Vitro Cultures: Molecular Identification, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Plant Survival

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Antar Nasr El-Banna ◽  
Mohammed Elsayed El-Mahrouk ◽  
Yaser Hassan Dewir ◽  
Mona Ali Farid ◽  
Doaa Mahmoud Abou Elyazid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants

Microbial contamination is a common problem that causes significant losses in plant micropropagation systems. The present study reports on the identification and control of bacterial contaminants in banana in vitro cultures. Twelve isolates belonging to Bacillus pumilus (S2), Bacillus subtilis (R2 and M4), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (S1, S3, S4, P2, M3 and R3) and Paenibacillus spp. (P1, R1 and M2) were identified by sequencing of 16S rRNA, gyrA or gyrB genes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with the disk diffusion method on bacterial isolates using 36 antimicrobial agents. Some antibiotics, notably Ticarcillin, Penicillin, Ampicillin, Cefazolin and Imipenem, had a broader range of bactericidal activity than others did. When contaminated axillary shoot cultures of banana were treated with 100 or 200 mg·L−1 of ticarcillin, ampicillin or penicillin the bacteria were eliminated, but a reduction in shoot multiplication and growth was observed. These findings contribute to minimizing the losses in the commercial micropropagation of banana.

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation of Phytophthora cinnamomi-Tolerant Holm Oak Genotypes by Axillary Budding and Somatic Embryogenesis

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Martínez ◽  
Francisco Javier Vieitez ◽  
Alejandro Solla ◽  
Raúl Tapias ◽  
Noelia Ramírez-Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Holm Oak ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
Shoot Cultures

Holm oak (Quercus ilex) is one of the most widely distributed tree species in the Mediterranean basin. High mortality rates have been observed in holm oak populations in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula as a result of oak decline syndrome. Selection and propagation of genotypes tolerant to this syndrome could aid the restoration of affected areas. In this article, we report micropropagation and conservation procedures based on axillary budding and somatic embryogenesis (SE) of holm oak plants, selected for their tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi—the main biotic factor responsible for oak decline. Forced shoots were obtained from potted plants of eight different genotypes, and used as stock material to establish in vitro shoot proliferation cultures. Reliable shoot proliferation was obtained in seven out the eight genotypes established in vitro, whereas multiplication rates were genotype-dependent. The highest rooting rates were obtained by culturing shoots for 24 h or 48 h on rooting induction medium containing 25 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid, followed by transfer to medium supplemented with 20 µM silver thiosulphate. Axillary shoot cultures can be successful conserved by cold storage for 12 months at 4 °C under dim lighting. Shoot tips, excised from axillary shoot cultures established from tolerant plants, were used as initial explants to induce SE. Somatic embryos and/or nodular embryogenic structures were obtained on induction medium with or without indole-acetic acid 4 mg L−1, in two out the three genotypes evaluated, and induction rates ranged between 2 and 4%. Plantlet recovery was 45% after two months cold stratification of somatic embryos and eight weeks of culture on germination medium. Vegetative propagation of P. cinnamomi-tolerant Q. ilex trees is a valuable milestone towards the restoration of disease-affected areas.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Cyclopia genistoides, an Endemic South African Plant of Economic Importance

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kokotkiewicz ◽  
Maria Luczkiewicz ◽  
Anna Hering ◽  
Renata Ochocka ◽  
Krzysztof Gorynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Shoot Cultures

An efficient micropropagation protocol of Cyclopia genistoides (L.) Vent., an indigenous South African shrub of economic importance, was established. In vitro shoot cultures were obtained from shoot tip fragments of sterile seedlings cultured on solid Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 9.84 μM 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP) and 1.0 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Maximum shoot multiplication rate [(8.2 ± 1.3) microshoots/explant)] was observed on this medium composition. Prior to rooting, the multiplied shoots were elongated for 60 days (two 30-days passages) on SH medium with one-half sucrose concentration, supplemented with 4.92 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The rooting of explants was only possible in the case of the elongated shoots. The highest root induction rate (54.8%) was achieved on solid SH medium with one-half sucrose and one-half potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate concentration, respectively, supplemented with 28.54 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 260.25 μM citric acid. The plantlets were acclimatized for 30 days in the glasshouse, with the use of peat/gravel/perlite substrate (1:1:1). The highest acclimatization rate (80%) was obtained for explants rooted with the use of IAA-supplemented medium. The phytochemical profile of the regenerated plants was similar to that of the reference intact plant material. HPLC analyses showed that C. genistoides plantlets obtained by the micropropagation procedure kept the ability to produce xanthones (mangiferin and isomangiferin) and the fl avanone hesperidin, characteristic of wild-growing shrubs.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Clerodendrum phlomidis L.F.

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafatlal M. Kher ◽  
Deepak Soner ◽  
Neha Srivastava ◽  
Murugan Nataraj ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Clerodendrum Phlomidis

Abstract Clerodendrum phlomidis L. f. is an important medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family, particularly its roots, which are used for various therapeutic purposes in a pulverized form. The objective of this study was to develop a standard protocol for axillary shoot proliferation and rooting of C. phlomidis for its propagation and conservation. Nodal explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium that was supplemented with one of six cytokinins: 6-benzyladenine, kinetin, thidiazuron, N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP), trans-zeatin (Zea) and meta-topolin. Callus induction, which was prolific at all concentrations, formed at the base of nodal explants and hindered shoot multiplication and elongation. To avoid or reduce callus formation with the objective of increasing shoot formation, the same six cytokinins were combined with 4 μM 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid (TIBA) alone or in combination with 270 μM adenine sulphate (AdS). Nodal explants that were cultured on the medium supplemented with 9.12 μM Zea, 4 μM TIBA and 270 μM AdS produced significantly more and longer shoots than on medium without TIBA and AdS. Half-strength MS medium supplemented with 8.05 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid was the best medium for root formation. Most (75%) in vitro rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized under natural conditions.

scholarly journals IMPROVED MULTIPLICATION OF MATURE HAZELNUT (CORYLUS AVELLANA L.) IN VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 693b-693
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Yu ◽  
Barbara M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Prolonged Culture ◽  
Corylus Avellana L

Multiplication and elongation of shoot cultures established from mature trees of hazelnut cvs. Nonpareil and Tonda Gentile Romana were affected by changes in basal medium, carbon source and concentration, cytokinin and agar concentration. Explants on DKW medium produced significantly more shoots than those on Anderson medium or modified woody plant medium for chestnut. Explants on DKW medium with 3% glucose or fructose gave more and longer shoots than those with the other carbon sources. Cytokinins 6 benzylaminopurine (BA) and zeatin were more effective in producing shoots than kinetin and 2iP. On BA supplemented medium, the best multiplication rate was obtained with 1.5 - 2.0 mg/l. Explants grown on 0.4% agar produced more shoots than those on 0.6%, however, prolonged culture on 0.4% agar caused vitrification of lower parts of the plants. Shoot multiplication rates of these two cultivars were similar, but `Nonpareil' produced longer shoots than `Tonda Gentile Romana'.

scholarly journals Clonal Propagation In Vitro of Paphiopedilum Hybrids from Adult Plants

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1565-1569
Author(s):  
Vi Nguyen Tuong Do ◽  
Shan-Te Hsu ◽  
Yung-I Lee
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants ◽  
Adult Plants

The aim of this study was to develop an efficient protocol for shoot tip culture from adult plants of Paphiopedilum Pfitzer. A considerable seasonal effect on explant collection was observed in the aseptic cultures established from adult plants, including the survival and microbial contamination of explants. The shoot tip explants excised from adult plants in February and May showed higher survival and had less contamination than those explants excised in August and November. Moreover, the season of explant collection also affected the subsequent shoot forming capacity and multiplication of axillary buds. In Paphiopedilum ‘In-Charm Silver Bell’, higher shoot forming capacity was observed in February and May, whereas higher shoot multiplication was observed only in February. In Paphiopedilum ‘Hsinying Maudiae Leopard’, both February and May were optimal timing for shoot forming capacity and multiplication. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of transcinnamic acid (tCA), an antiauxin chemical in diminishing the apical dominance of shoot tip explant and thus improving the axillary bud outgrowth. In P. ‘In-Charm Silver Bell’, the addition of 100 μM tCA plus 13.3 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) for 1 month promoted axillary shoot bud formation from shoot tip explants as compared with the control.

scholarly journals Effect of gelling agents on in vitro development of Amelanchier canadensis ‘Rainbow Pillar’

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fira ◽  
K. Magyar-Tábori ◽  
I. Hudák ◽  
D. Clapa ◽  
J. Dobránszky
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Gelling Agents ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
The Media

In vitro shoot multiplication responses of Amelanchier canadensis ‘Rainbow Pillar’ were studied on media solidifi ed with different gelling agents. The media were gelled either with 6.8 g l-1 fi brous agar-agar, or 50.0 g l-1 wheat starch, or 20.0 g l-1 Guar gum, or 15 g l-1 Isubgol or 50.0 g l-1 wheat starch mixed with 0.5 g l-1 Phytagel. Shoot cultures were grown for two months, thereafter the multiplication rates (number of newly developed shoots per explant) were counted and the length of shoots were measured. We found that the highest shoot multiplication of Amelanchier canadensis ‘Rainbow Pillar’ occurred on media gelled with Guar gum, while the longest shoots developed on media with Starch. About four-fold shoot number were obtained on media with Guar gum compared to the weakest results found on media gelled with Isubgol. Finally, considering all factors (shoot growth parameters, costs) the most economical gelling agent for Amelanchier canadensis ‘Rainbow Pillar’ was proved to be wheat starch among the tested alternatives which allows a 75.6% cost reduction.

scholarly journals n vitro micro propagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Bushra M. Jaber Alwash ◽  
Ansaam Z. Jassim
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
Spilanthes Acmella ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initiation Stage

This study was aimed to In vitro propagation of Spilanthes acmella L. Murr. It is a medicinal plant not cultivated in Iraq. Seeds were sterilized and cultured on MS medium. Indole acetic acid IAA, Benzyladenin BA growth regulators’ were used at the initiation stage. The combination between IAA and BA was used in multiplication stage. Indole butyric acid IBA was used for rooting the shoots. Results showed that 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min was very effective for disinfecting and survival. A node exhibited relatively highest response as compared with apical meristems and leaflets culture. Supplying the culture medium with 1mg/l. BA was effective for lateral shoot induction. The mean number of shoots obtained from nodes were 7.43 with a mean length 0.9 cm. Adding BA at 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 and IAA at 0.1 mg/l. to the growth medium was effective for multiplication. Mean number of the developed shoots were 12.00, 10, 84, 10.00 respectively. Adding 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l IBA to the half strength MS medium was very effective in root formation which produced 45.0, 42.5, 40.0 roots respectively with mean length of 3.25, 3.80, 3.80 cm respectively. Results of acclimatization stage showed that addition of 1:1 Patmos and loamy soil gave the highest rate of survival 100% after 4 weeks of acclimatization. This study showed the ability of in vitro propagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr

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