EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE LAYERS OF STE. ROSALIE AND ST. BLAISE SOIL SERIES IN QUEBEC

The relationship between extractable P and soil characteristics including pH, clay content (CLAY), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter content (OM), and phosphorus retention (PRET) was determined using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Similarly, the influence of pH, CLAY, CEC, OM and PRET on the relationship between extractable P and relative yield (Yo/Yp) of young corn plants in the greenhouse was determined. Surface (0- to 20-cm) and subsurface (20- to 40-cm) layers from two soil series (St. Blaise and Ste. Rosalie) were collected from farm fields in the region south of Montreal. Twenty-eight sites of the St. Blaise series and 25 sites of the Ste. Rosalie series were sampled from fields of which the majority were in cultivation for 100–200 yr. Three P extractants were used: Bray 1 (P1) (0.03 N NH4F, 0.025 N HCl), Bray 2 (P2) (0.03 N NH4F, 0.1 N HCl) and 0.5 M NaHCO3 (P3). Extractable P by all three extractants was negatively correlated with pH of the St. Blaise surface soils. However, extractable P by the P2 extractant was positively correlated with pH of the Ste. Rosalie surface soils. Although significant, the R2 values for these relationships were low, ranging from 0.15 to 0.17 for the surface soils. Extractable P was related, to variable extents, to one or more of pH, PRET, OM and CEC of the subsurface soils depending on the soil series and P extractant in an unexplainable manner. However, the R2 values were generally much higher for the subsurface than surface soils suggesting that extractable P in subsurface soils was more closely related to the measured soil characteristics. There was no relationship between extractable P with any extractant and CLAY for either series. The highest correlation between relative yield (Yo/Yp) and extractable P occurred with P3 for the surface soils of both series. None of the soil characteristics was included with P3 in the regressions with the surface soils. PRET was included along with P2 in the regression with Yo/Yp for the St. Blaise surface soils, whereas a P × CLAY interaction term occurred with the P1 and P2 extractants for the Ste. Rosalie surface soils. A linear relationship was obtained between Yo/Yp and P1 or P3 for the Ste. Rosalie surface soils and P2 for the St. Blaise surface soils. A curvilinear relationship was obtained with P1 or P3 for the St. Blaise surface soils and with P2 for the Ste. Rosalie surface soils. Extractable P was not included as an independent variable in any of the regressions with Yo/Yp as the dependent variable for the subsurface soils. This suggests that extractable P with any of the extractants used in this study does not reflect the availability of P in subsurface soils.

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Population Densities of Tylenchulus semipenetrans Related to Physicochemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Clementine Mandarin in Spain

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-3-0445 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 445-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Francisco Javier Sorribas ◽

Soledad Verdejo-Lucas ◽

Joaquín Pastor ◽

Cesar Ornat ◽

Joan Pons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter Content ◽

Relative Yield ◽

Damage Function ◽

Matter Content ◽

Population Densities ◽

Second Stage ◽

Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽

Physicochemical Soil Properties ◽

Citrus Nematode ◽

The Relationship

A survey was conducted from April to June 2002 in 62 orchards of clementine mandarin grafted on Troyer or Carrizo citrange rootstock in Catalonia (northeastern Spain) to determine the relationship between physicochemical soil properties and Tylenchulus semipenetrans population densities. Soil was analyzed to determine texture, pH, electric conductivity, organic matter content, N, P, K, Mg, calcium carbonate, and calcium oxide. Also, trials were conducted in 2003 and 2004 in three drip-irrigated orchards of clementine mandarin cv. Clemenules (El Pla and Mariclaire) or cv. Hernandina (Martorella) to determine the relationship between citrus nematode densities and yield of mandarin. T. semipenetrans was detected in 77% of the surveyed orchards. The number of second-stage juveniles + males in soil was related to N and K soil content (3.57953 – 0.001305 N + 0.00113 K, R2 = 0.1620, P < 0.0157). The relationship between relative yield of clementine mandarin cv. Clemenules and densities of females per gram of root in spring was described by the Seinhorst damage function model (0.035 + 0.965 (0.9995)(Pi – 287), R2 = 0.4782, P < 0.0001).

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Fire effects on soil organic matter content, composition, and nutrients in boreal interior Alaska

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-154 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 2178-2187 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

J C Neff ◽

J W Harden ◽

G Gleixner

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Fire Effects ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Surface Soils ◽

Pyrolysis Gas ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽

Potassium Magnesium

Boreal ecosystems contain a substantial fraction of the earth's soil carbon stores and are prone to frequent and severe wildfires. In this study, we examine changes in element and organic matter stocks due to a 1999 wildfire in Alaska. One year after the wildfire, burned soils contained between 1071 and 1420 g/m2 less carbon than unburned soils. Burned soils had lower nitrogen than unburned soils, higher calcium, and nearly unchanged potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus stocks. Burned surface soils tended to have higher concentrations of noncombustible elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus compared with unburned soils. Combustion losses of carbon were mostly limited to surface dead moss and fibric horizons, with no change in the underlying mineral horizons. Burning caused significant changes in soil organic matter structure, with a 12% higher ratio of carbon to combustible organic matter in surface burned horizons compared with unburned horizons. Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy also shows preferential volatilization of polysaccharide-derived organic matter and enrichment of lignin- and lipid-derived compounds in surface soils. The chemistry of deeper soil layers in burned and unburned sites was similar, suggesting that immediate fire impacts were restricted to the surface soil horizon.

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The relationship between apparent retention time in the rumen, voluntary intake, and apparent digestibility of legume and grass diets in sheep

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9730889 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 889 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

RF Thornton ◽

DJ Minson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Retention Time ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Jaw Movements ◽

Digestible Organic Matter ◽

Voluntary Intake ◽

The Relationship

Eight grasses and six legumes were fed ad libitum at hourly intervals to wethers fitted with large rumen fistulas to determine voluntary intake, apparent digestibility, and the apparent retention time of organic matter in the rumen, as well as the quantity of rumen digesta and the organic matter content of the rumen digesta. The voluntary intake of legumes was 28% higher than that of equally digestible grasses. This difference was caused by a shorter retention time (17%) and a higher amount of organic matter (14%) in the rumen digesta from legume diets than from grass diets. The weight of wet digesta in the rumen of sheep fed on legumes was 7% lower than from those fed on grass. Neither the quantity of digesta nor the quantity of organic matter in the rumen was related to the voluntary intake, digestibility, or retention time of organic matter in the rumen. Number of jaw movements each day and rate of cotton thread digestion were not related to the retention time of the diets either. Daily intake of digestible organic matter (DOMI, g/day) was closely correlated with retention time (RTOM, hr) for the feeds in this study (r = –0.93) and the same relation applied to both temperate and tropical feeds, viz. DOMI = 1276–50.7 RTOM (r=0.96) Differences in voluntary intake between grasses and legumes were attributed to differences in retention time and the density to which the food was packed in the rumen.

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The relationship between digestibility or energy losses as methane and metabolisable energy content of whole crop wheat

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600030142 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 41-41

Author(s):

A.T. Adesogan ◽

E. Owen ◽

D.I. Givens

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Energy Content ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Energy Losses ◽

Digestible Organic Matter ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

The Cost ◽

The Relationship

Estimates of the metabolisable energy (ME) content of whole crop wheat (WCW) derived using measured energy losses as methane (ELMm) are lacking due to the cost of measuring ELMm. Published ME values of WCW are largely calculated using predicted energy losses as methane (ELMp, Blaxter and Clapperton, 1965) or digestible organic matter content (DOMD) in vivo. However, there appears to be no published information about the accuracy with which DOMD in vivo or ELMp predicts the ME content of WCW. Therefore, this study assessed the validity of such ME predictions by comparing them with ME contents calculated using ELMm.

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The Relationship between Mollusks and Oxygen Concentrations in Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico

Journal of Marine Biology ◽

10.1155/2016/5757198 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Gabriel Kuk-Dzul ◽

Victoria Díaz-Castañeda

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Bottom Water ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Oxygen Depletion ◽

Matter Content ◽

The Other ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

The Relationship ◽

Oxygen Concentrations

This study describes the relationship between mollusks, physicochemical properties of seawater, and sediments under natural conditions of low impact. Thirty-nine stations were sampled in October 1994 using a Van Veen grab (0.1 m−2). Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of bottom water were obtained with a CTD. Organic matter content and sediment grain analysis were determined. A total of 836 mollusks were collected. Gastropoda was the most abundant (52%) and diverse class with 27 genera, followed by Bivalvia with eight genera and Scaphopoda with only one genus. According to CCA analysis, dominant mollusks were significantly related with high DO concentrations.Donax,Natica,Acteocina,Bulla,Anachis,Odostomia, andCrucibulumcan be classified as sensitive genera because they were found mainly in high oxygen concentrations (3.1–5.6 mL L−1); on the other hand,Cardiomya,Nuculana,Laevicardium,Chione,Truncatella, andDentaliumcan be classified as tolerant genera (1.0–5.6 mL L−1). Todos Santos Bay hosts a diverse malacological fauna (36 genera); our results show that the dominant genera were mainly related to high dissolved oxygen concentrations. Mollusks can be a useful tool in environmental monitoring programs related with oxygen depletion in coastal areas.

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLEYSOLIC SOILS IN THE LOWLANDS OF QUEBEC

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss79-007 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 69-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. R. DE KIMPE ◽

G. R. MEHUYS

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Pore Diameter ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Series ◽

Mean Values ◽

Small Pore ◽

Agricultural Areas

Clay-rich soils were sampled in the agricultural areas of Montreal, Quebec and Lake St-Jean. Undisrupted soil blocks and bulk samples were taken by horizon in the Ste-Rosalie, Kamouraska and Normandin soil series. Aggregate stability increased with the organic matter content. Bulk density was generally highest in the B horizons. Porosity ranged from 39 to 56% of the total soil volume and the most representative pore diameter varied from 0.706 to 0.048 μm with the largest diameter being found in the Ap horizons. The distribution of porosity among large, medium and small pores in the Ste-Rosalie soil differed from that in the Kamouraska and Normandin soils. In the former, medium pores accounted for only a few percent of total porosity, while the pores were more evenly distributed in the latter soils. Medium pore contents decreased, while small pore contents increased, with increasing clay contents. No significant relationship was observed between large pores and clay percentages. Hydraulic conductivity, with mean values ranging from 3.5 to 109.3 cm/h, was significantly related to the large pore class.

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Análisis de poblaciones de micorrizas en maíz (Zea mays) cultivado en suelos ácidos bajo diferentes tratamientos agronómicos

Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria ◽

10.21930/rcta.vol5_num1_art:22 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 31 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ana María Serralde O. ◽

María Margarita Ramírez G.

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Matter Content ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Soil Conditions

Mediante el seguimiento de cultivos experimentales en suelos ácidos de los Llanos Orientales, durante un periodo de cinco años consecutivos (1997-2001), se evaluaron las poblaciones nativas de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (MA) asociados con dos variedades de maíz: ICA- Sikuani V-110 y la variedad regional criolla Clavito, analizando su comportamiento bajo distintos tratamientos con abono orgánico (gallinaza), abono verde (Caupí) y testigo sin aplicación de materiales orgánicos, para un total de seis tratamientos. De 7.924 esporas analizadas se aislaron veinticuatro morfotipos identificados morfológica y molecularmente. Se determinó la relación de las condiciones del suelo (pH, los contenidos de materia orgánica, P, K, Al+++ y % saturación Al) con el comportamiento de las poblaciones de MA. Con la aplicación del Análisis de Regresión Múltiple (Stepwise), se obtuvieron coeficientes significativos (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 83) para todas las variables y se seleccionaron como variables predictivas principales el pH y la materia orgánica del suelo, que presentaron coeficientes significativos para cinco y cuatro de los siete modelos establecidos, respectivamente. La técnica molecular empleada basada en la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR), con el uso de primers específicos, permitió la identificación confirmatoria de las esporas aisladas de los géneros Glomus, Entrophospora y Gigaspora. Además, mediante el uso de esta metodología se logró identificar la presencia del género Glomusen raíces de maíz altamente colonizadas. Mycorrhiza populations analysis in corn (Zea mays) cultivated in acid soils under different agronomic treatmentsA study was carried out to evaluate the populations of native arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) fungi on established crops on acid soils of the Colombian Eastern Plains, for a period of five years (1997-2001). Fungi spores were isolated from the crop-fungi association of two maize cultivars: ICASikuani V-110 and the regional cultivar Clavito. The mycorrhizal behavior was evaluated under six different organic fertilization treatments, which included green manure (cowpea), chicken manure and a control treatment (no application). From a total of 7924 spores, 24 different types of mycorrhiza were characterized using morphological and molecular analysis. The relation between soil conditions (pH, organic matter contents, P, K, Al+++ and % Al saturation) and AM fungi populations was analysed using a Stepwise Multiple Regression model. According to the regression coefficients obtained (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 0.83), soil pH and organic matter content were the independent variables that explained most of the variation observed in AM populations. The molecular methodology was based on the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the use of specific primers allowed to identify spores from Glomus, Entrophospora and Gigaspora. This methodology also provided the identification of fungi from the Glomus genera in highly colonized maize roots.

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Environmental factors affecting splash erosion in the mountain area (the Western Polish Carpathians)

Landform Analysis ◽

10.12657/landfana.036.009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 97-111

Author(s):

Małgorzata Kijowska-Strugała ◽

Krzysztof Kiszka

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Erosion Rate ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Slope Gradient ◽

Mountain Area ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Splash Erosion ◽

Polish Carpathians ◽

The Relationship

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of various environmental factors on splash erosion based on the funnel method under natural conditions. The relationship between splash and wash erosion were also studied. The intermediate timescale study (2012–2016, from May to October) was conducted in the Western Polish Carpathians where Inceptisols predominate. The splash erosion rate (kg m−2) was variable and showed a strong correlation with environmental factors, including rainfall parameters, land use (black fallow, meadow), slope gradient (0°, 11°), and also the particle size of soil and usage time (organic matter content, OM). The splash erosion rate on the slope with black fallow was 95 times higher than in the meadow and up to 20 times higher than in flat area. The average downslope splash erosion was 75% higher than the upslope splash erosion, and the soil particles were detached to maximum heights of 50 cm (downslope). There was a positive correlation between splash erosion and wash and a negative correlation between splash erosion and OM.

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Adsorption of pesticides by some Australian soils

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9810061 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

GG Briggs

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

North American ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Organic Chemicals ◽

The Relationship

Adsorption of non-ionized organic chemicals from aqueous solution by 17 Australian soils was related to the organic matter content of the soils. The soil organic matter/water distribution (Kom) for each chemical was similar in all soils and could be predicted from the octanol/water distribution (Kow) of the chemical. The relationship between these two distributions, log Kom = 0.52log Kow, + 0.69, is similar to that reported for European and North American soils.

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THE AVAILABLE BORON CONTENT OF THE GENETIC HORIZONS OF SOME ONTARIO SOILS: I. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER-SOLUBLE BORON AND OTHER SOIL PROPERTIES

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss66-022 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 133-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

N. S. Miljkovic ◽

B. C. Matthews ◽

M. H. Miller

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Boron Content ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Clay Content ◽

Important Variable ◽

Matter Content ◽

Parent Material ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Hot Water ◽

The Relationship

The available boron content of the genetic horizons of eight Ontario soils was determined using a hot-water extraction and a sunflower test. The available boron was highest in the surface horizons and decreased in the zones of eluviation to a level equal to or lower than that in the parent material. The content in the horizons was generally higher than that in the C horizons.The water-soluble boron was closely related to the organic matter content in a quadratic regression (R2 = 0.691). When pH and clay content were included in regressions, a positive organic matter × pH component was the single most important variable, explaining 64.4% of the variability. Additional terms involving clay content and pH did not greatly increase the R2 value.

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