SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REMOVAL OF NUTRIENTS BY CORN RESULTING FROM DIFFERENT RATES AND TIMING OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE APPLICATIONS

Liquid dairy cattle manure was applied at three rates (224, 560 and 879 kg/(ha∙yr) of manure nitrogen (N)) and four different times: in the fall after harvest of silage corn, before seeding, half in the fall and half before seeding, or in winter to continous corn grown on sandy clay loam for 5 yr. Two other plots were included: one received chemical N-P-K fertilizer at recommended rates, and one received neither fertilizer nor manure. Over the 5-yr study, soil organic carbon increased in the surface layer of the high-rate plots, but decreased in the chemically fertilized plot. Soil inorganic N contents measured at harvest in the 0- to 120-cm layer of the manured plots were related to both cumulative and annual N inputs. Bicarbonate extractable phosphorus in the 0- to 15-cm layer increased each year in the medium- and high-rate plots and exceeded 90 μg/g in the high-rate plots after 5 yr. Exchangeable potassium levels increased singificantly in the plow layer of the medium- and high-rate plots. Smaller accumulations occurred in the winter-applied plots than in the fall- and spring-applied plots. Uptake of nutrients by the corn crop increased with manure rate, but generally was not affected by time of application.

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Long-Term Soil Nutrient Management Affects Taxonomic and Functional Weed Community Composition and Structure

Frontiers in Agronomy ◽

10.3389/fagro.2021.636179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Stéphane Cordeau ◽

Sandra Wayman ◽

Quirine M. Ketterings ◽

Chris J. Pelzer ◽

Amir Sadeghpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

High Rate ◽

Alkaline Soil ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Fertility Treatments ◽

Weed Communities

Weed communities can be influenced by nutrient availability, nutrient form (e. g., ammonium vs. nitrate), amendment timing, amendment type (e.g., organic vs. inorganic), and by immigration of seeds during amendment applications. The objective of this research was to compare the long-term effect of different fertility treatments in a corn (Zea mays L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) rotation on taxonomic and functional structure and composition of weed communities by analyzing the soil weed seedbank. After 14 years of a long-term experiment in Aurora, NY, United States, soils were sampled in five fertility treatments for corn years in the rotation: liquid dairy manure, semi-composted separated dairy solids; or inorganic nitrogen (N) as starter fertilizer with either no sidedress N, a low rate or a high rate of inorganic N as sidedress fertilizer. Soil was collected in early spring 2015 and a greenhouse weed seed germination bioassay was used to quantify the germinable soil weed seedbank. Total weed seedbank density, species richness, and evenness did not vary by treatment. However, fertility treatments modified the ecological niche represented by 20 environmental descriptors, which filtered the weed community creating distinct functional group assemblages. A trait-based analysis revealed that nitrophilic dicotyledons preferring alkaline soil were associated with high concentrations of inorganic N fertilizer, whereas highly specialist monocotyledons preferring high amounts of light were associated with low concentrations of inorganic N fertilizer. Because fertility treatments affected weed community composition but not seed bank density and richness, results encourage the development of holistic management strategies that adopt coherent weed management and crop fertilization.

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Vertical Distribution of Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils of Ramapura-1 Microwatershed of YadgirTaluk and District of Karnataka, India

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i230365 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 88-96

Author(s):

Rajendra Hegde ◽

M. B. Mahendra Kumar ◽

K. V. Niranjana ◽

K. V. Seema ◽

B. A. Dhanorkar

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Soil Series ◽

Sandy Clay Loam ◽

Sandy Clay ◽

Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

By using digitized cadastral map and satellite imagery an investigation was carried out to study the vertical distribution of physical and chemical properties of soils of Ramapura-1 microwatershed of Yadgirtaluk and district of Karnataka, India. The soil texture varied from loamy sand to sandy clay loam in surface and sandy clay loam to clay in subsurface. The per cent moisture distribution was varied from 3.89 to 54.94 per cent and it was increase with depth. The soils under the study were slightly acidic to alkaline (5.57 to 10.32) and non-saline in reaction. The organic carbon content was low to high (0.12 to 1.16 %) and decreased with depth. The per cent calcium carbonates in soils ranged from 0.60 to 8.19 per cent and uneven distribution in most of the soil series. The distribution of exchangeable bases in the order of Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+. Most of the soil series were irregular in distribution of CEC (1.70 to 51.20 cmol (p+) kg-1) and CEC/clay ratio. The per cent base saturation was increase with depth in most of the series.

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Soil nitrogen and moisture as influenced by composts and inorganic fertilizer rate

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s97-009 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 207-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

B. Gagnon ◽

R. R. Simard ◽

M. Goulet ◽

R. Robitaille ◽

R. Rioux

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Residual Soil ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Soil Inorganic N ◽

The Impact ◽

Soil Inorganic

The addition of compost may mitigate soil degradation and contribute to the soil nutrient supply in spring cereal monoculture. A field study was carried out in eastern Quebec, Canada, to assess the impact of composts from four sources and ammonium nitrate (AN) applied at different rates in spring on soil moisture and inorganic N in spring wheat production (Triticum aestivum L. 'Messier'). The experiment was conducted in 1994 and 1995 on two different soils: a Kamouraska clay (Orthic Humic Gleysol) and a Saint-André sandy loam (Fragic Humo-Ferric Podzol). Composts were applied at rates of 0, 90, 180 and 360 kg total N ha−1. Ammonium nitrate was applied at 0, 45, 90 and 180 kg N ha–1. Treatments in which AN was added to composts were also included. Thirty days after N application, profile soil inorganic N increased linearly with rates of commercial composts and AN but not with farm composts, whereas at harvest, residual soil N was not affected by composts but was increased by AN. The relative contribution of the compost organic fraction was negligible in the first year of application. Soil inorganic N at 30 d after fertilizer applications was significantly related to plant N uptake at harvest (r2 = 0.74), suggesting useful index of compost N availability. Large amounts of compost raised soil moisture content of the sandy loam by 3–5%, particularly under dry climatic conditions. Commercial composts have a small N fertilizer value, whereas composted dairy manure should be considered preferable as a soil amendment. Key words: Dairy manure compost, shrimp wastes, peat moss, wheat

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Growing season nitrogen dynamics in manured soils in south coastal British Columbia: Implications for a soil nitrate test for silage corn

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s96-028 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 67-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

B. J. Zebarth ◽

J. W. Paul

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

N Uptake ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

N Recovery ◽

Soil Nitrate ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Total N ◽

Soil Inorganic N ◽

Coastal British Columbia ◽

Soil Inorganic

Spring soil nitrate and ammonium dynamics in south coastal British Columbia soils were examined with respect to the potential to develop a soil nitrate test for silage corn (Zea mays, L.). Soil nitrate and ammonium contents were measured to 90 cm depth in two soils from April to July of two growing seasons. Treatments included a control, spring application of either 300 or 600 kg total N ha−1 as liquid dairy manure, or 200 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer. Significant amounts of ammonium were present until late May following manure and until mid-June following fertilizer application, requiring simultaneous determination of both nitrate and ammonium concentrations to assess soil inorganic N contents during this period. Most of the changes in soil nitrate over time occurred in the top 30 cm, suggesting that sampling to 30 cm depth would be sufficient in most cases for a soil nitrate test in this region. Most of the increase in soil inorganic N associated with the spring application of manure occurred by 1 June. A soil nitrate test in early to mid-June when the corn is at the six leaf stage appeared to be most suitable for use in south coastal British Columbia to determine if additional fertilizer N is required. A sample taken at this time will measure soil nitrate contents just before the period of rapid corn N uptake, after most of the additional inorganic N associated with spring manure application is already present in the soil as nitrate, and after nitrification of the manure ammonium has occurred. Key words: N recovery, preplant nitrate test, pre-sidedress soil nitrate test

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PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TIDAL FLATS SEDIMENTS IN IRAQI COASTLINE, NORTHWEST OF ARABIAN GULF

Iraqi Geological Journal ◽

10.46717/igj.53.2e.8ms-2020-11-30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (2E) ◽

pp. 107-116

Author(s):

Dounia Al-khuzaie

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Arabian Gulf ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Grain Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Sandy Clay Loam ◽

Surface Samples ◽

Sandy Clay ◽

The Impact

The quantitative and qualitative physic-chemical properties considered in more than 15 geographical sites were selected along the Iraqi coastline. The grain size analysis and the EC, pH, TDS, K, Na, Mg, Ca, HCO3, Cl, SO4 were estimated in the sediments sample. Three types of soil textures dominate which are sandy clay, sandy clay loam and clay loam were observed in the present study. The results show that the pH value ranges from7.67-8.19, EC (23-68.45 dS/m), TDS (14720-43808 ppm), Na (6388-20746 ppm), K (73.225-211.875ppm), Ca (306.25-537.5 ppm), Mg (675-2475ppm), Cl (6160-18350 ppm), SO4 (1680-4080 ppm), HCO3 (93.75-225 ppm), SAR (37.61-107.95). The analytical results for the surface samples presented the impact of both solodization and salinization processes. They are shown from the high values of EC and domination of Na in the exchangeable complex. The ions occur in the following concentration order: Na > Mg > Ca > K and Cl > SO4 > HCO3.

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DAIRY MANURE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON RESIDUAL NITRATE AND PHOSPHATE, AND WHEAT YIELD IN A SANDY CLAY LOAM SOIL

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904167.2013.867983 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 562-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Iqbal ◽

O. J. Idowu ◽

A. Hassan ◽

A. Khan ◽

M. Amjad

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Clay Loam Soil ◽

Sandy Clay Loam ◽

Sandy Clay ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Residual Nitrate

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Degradation of oxyfluorfen in sandy clay loam soil

International Journal of Chemical Studies ◽

10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6o.10901 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1038-1041

Author(s):

C Bharathi ◽

P Murali Arthanari ◽

C Chinnusamy

Keyword(s):

Clay Loam ◽

Clay Loam Soil ◽

Sandy Clay Loam ◽

Sandy Clay ◽

Loam Soil

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Comparison of oxidoreductive enzyme activities in three coal tar creosote-contaminated soils

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr19040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 814 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Telesiński ◽

Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka ◽

Krystyna Cybulska ◽

Barbara Pawłowska ◽

Robert Biczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Coal Tar ◽

Loamy Sand ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Oxidoreductase Activity ◽

Sandy Clay Loam ◽

Sandy Clay ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Negative Effect

This study used laboratory experiments to compare the effects of coal tar creosote on the activity of oxidoreductive enzymes in sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. Different amounts of coal tar creosote were added to soil samples as follows: 0 (control), 2, 10 or 50 g kg–1 dry matter. The activity of soil dehydrogenases (DHAs), o-diphenol oxidase (o-DPO), catalase (CAT), nitrate reductase (NR) and peroxidases (POX) was determined. Contamination of soil with coal tar creosote affected oxidoreductase activity. Oxidoreductive enzyme activity following soil contamination with coal tar creosote was in the following order: DHAs > CAT > NR > POX > o-DPO in loamy sand and in sandy loam; and DHAs > POX > CAT > NR > o-DPO in sandy clay loam. The index of soil oxidoreductive activity (IOx) introduced in this study confirms the negative effect of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductase activity in soil. DHAs were the most sensitive to the contamination of soil with coal tar creosote. Moreover, the greatest changes in oxidoreductase activities were observed in loamy sand. Knowledge of the mechanism underlying the effects of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductive processes may enable development of a method for the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.

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Effect of Mosses on physical and chemical properties of soil in temperate forests of Garhwal Himalayas

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467421000249 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Anshu Siwach ◽

Siddhartha Kaushal ◽

Ratul Baishya

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

High Rate ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Garhwal Himalayas ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Abstract Mosses are one of the most important and dominant plant communities, especially in the temperate biome, and play a significant role in ecosystem function and dynamics. They influence the water, energy and element cycle due to their unique ecology and physiology. The present study was undertaken in three different temperate forest sites in the Garhwal Himalayas, viz., Triyuginarayan (Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS)), Chakrata, and Kanasar forest range. The study was focused on understanding the influence of mosses on soil physical properties and nutrient availability. Different physico-chemical properties were analysed under two different substrata, that is, with and without moss cover in two different seasons, viz., monsoon and winter. We observed mosses to influence and alter the physical properties and nutrient status of soil in both seasons. All soil physical and chemical properties, except magnesium, showed significant difference within the substrates, among all the sites and across the two seasons. Besides the soil characteristics underneath the moss vegetation, the study also highlights the diversity of mosses found in the area. Mosses appear to create high nutrient microsites via a high rate of organic matter accumulation and retain nutrients for longer periods thus, maintaining ecosystem stability.

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