Growth and forage quality of three Bromus species native to western Canada

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. May ◽  
D. G. Stout ◽  
W. D. Willms ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
B. Coulman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Bromus Carinatus ◽  
Disturbed Areas

There is growing interest in revegetating disturbed areas with native plant species; thus seed sources for appropriate native species need to be developed. In this study, we compared growth and forage quality of three native Bromus species (Bromus carinatus, B. ciliatus, and B. anomalus) collected in central Alberta with growth and forage quality of three domestic forage species (B. riparius Rehm., B. inermis Leyss., and Dactylis glomerata L.). Eight establishment year-locations were used for experiments conducted between 1993 and and 1996 at six locations in western Canada. Seedling establishment measured in 4 year-locations indicated that all native Bromus species established as well as the domestic bromegrasses, and that B. carinatus exceeded seedling establishment of the domestic bromegrasses. Bromus carinatus either yielded the same or less dry matter (DM) that the domestic bromegrasses, the same or more than D. glomerata, and more than B. ciliatus or B. anomalus. Bromus carinatus was either as tall as or shorter than the domestic bromegrasses, as tall as D. glomerata, and taller than Bromus ciliatus and B. anomalus. Bromus carinatus was more prone to lodging than B. ciliatus, B. anomalus, or the domestic species. These native Bromus species appear to have the required establishment potential and productivity to be suitable for reseeding disturbed areas and fill the niche where native species are required. Key words: Bromus, dry matter, crude protein, dry matter digestibility, acid detergent fibre, smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass

Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
M. Celeste Díaz Vélez ◽  
Ana E. Ferreras ◽  
Valeria Paiaro
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasional Meltdown ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Origin Life

Abstract Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.

Effects of Grain Formation on Dry Matter Distribution and Forage Quality in Maize

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Final Harvest

SUMMARYPost-anthesis trends in yield and forage quality of dry matter in components of the maize shoot were studied in experiments with barren and fertile plants grown at 10 plants/m2. In fertile plants, which had a maximum shoot DW 6 or 7% higher than barren ones, the stems (including leaf sheaths) yielded 5 t/ha (42% shoot DW) 30 days after flowering, declining to 3·5 t/ha (26% DW) at final harvest 60 days later. During this period the ear increased by more than 4 t/ha, from 23 to 50% of shoot DW, whereas in barren plants there was little change in DM distribution, with the stem representing about 48% shoot DW, leaf and husk together 40–45% and the ear (rachis only) less than 10%. DM percentage of shoots was similar in barren and fertile plants until maximum DW was attained about 60 days after flowering, after which fertile plants dried more rapidly. In vitro dry matter digestibility was as high in barren as in fertile plants, and the analytical data on forage quality do not suggest that it was positively associated with grain content.

Effect of Alfalfa Cultivar and Bale Wrap Type on Dry Matter and Forage Quality of Large Round Bales in Outdoor Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-982
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Reiter ◽  
Craig C. Sheaffer ◽  
M. Scotty Wells ◽  
Amanda M. Grev ◽  
Marcia A. Hathaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
List Type ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Time Required ◽  
And Storage

HighlightsTime to bind a round bale was longest for twine (56 s) compared to B-Wrap® (28 s) and net wrap (18 s).Alfalfa cultivar had minimal effects on changes in dry matter and forage quality of round bales stored outdoors.Dry matter losses were 7% for twine bales, 5% for net wrap bales, while B-Wrap® bales maintained DM in outdoor storage.Deleterious changes in forage quality were generally observed after =180 days of outdoor storage. Abstract. Large round bales are commonly fed to livestock; however, it has been well documented that outdoor storage can negatively impact dry matter (DM) and forage quality. To reduce storage losses and improve feeding value, new wrap types and alfalfa cultivars have been developed; however, these options have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate the time required to bind large round bales, determine changes in DM and forage quality, and examine the economics of reduced-lignin and conventional alfalfa hay bound in twine, net wrap, and B-Wrap® while in outdoor storage. Hay was baled into 24 large round bales; 12 bales each of reduced-lignin and conventional alfalfa. Within each cultivar, four replicates were bound with each wrap type. Using stopwatches, the time to bind each bale was recorded. At the time of harvest, and every 90±3 days for 365 days, individual bales were weighed and cored to determine changes in DM and forage quality. Significance was set at P = 0.05. Time to bind a bale was longest for twine, intermediate for B-Wrap®, and shortest for net wrap (P < 0.01). Alfalfa cultivar had minimal effects on the parameters measured; therefore, the interaction between wrap type and storage length was reported. After 365 days in outdoor storage, DM losses were 7% for twine bales, 5% for net wrap bales, while B-Wrap® bales maintained DM. Changes in forage quality were observed at =180 days of storage where nonstructural carbohydrates were decreased and insoluble fiber components were concentrated. B-Wrap® bales had a higher value compared to net wrap and twines bales at 180 and 270 days in storage. These results suggest that B-Wrap® was better able to shed precipitation which preserved forage quality and bale value compared to large round bales bound in net wrap and twine in long term, outdoor storage. Keywords: B-Wrap®, Bale value, Net wrap, Reduced-lignin alfalfa, Twine.

scholarly journals CROP COEFFICIENT, DRY MATTER PARTITION AND SEEDLINGS QUALITY OF Hymenaea courbaril L. IN CONTAINERS SIZES UNDER WATER DEFICIT IRRIGATION1

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
César Antônio da Silva ◽  
Durval Dourado Neto ◽  
Cícero José da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Irrigation Levels

ABSTRACT Native species seedlings are commonly used in the degraded areas reforestation, riparian forests and legal reserve. Among the factors that influence the seedlings quality, are the container size and the substrate water availability. Thus, the objective of this paper was to evaluate Hymenaea courbaril L. seedlings response in function of irrigation levels and container sizes. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse, in randomized blocks design, with three replications in split plots, in 2 x 5 scheme. Rigid pots of 3.1 L and stiff plastic tubes of 4.0 L were used in the plots, while irrigation levels equals to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the maximum evapotranspiration (ETm) were used in the subplots. The stiff plastic tube provided larger ETm and increased seedlings quality and, consequently, larger crop coefficient (Kc) in comparison with rigid pot, in the phase from 80 to 200 days after the sowing (DAS). The Kc of the seedlings in citrovase varired from 0.54 to 1.12, of the planting at 200 DAS, according the Penman-Monteith methodology. Irrigation levels between ETm 86.8% and 100% propitiated larger seedlings quality index. To the 200 DAS, the roots dry matter was larger than the leaves dry matter, unlike the initial phases.

scholarly journals Influence of alternative substrates on biomass and quality of cedar seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleverson Agueiro de Carvalho ◽  
Reginaldo Almeida Andrade ◽  
Felippe Coelho de Souza ◽  
Rychaellen Silva de Brito ◽  
Davair Lopes Teixeira Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Alternative Substrates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Organic Compost

The production of native species seedlings is essential for the establishment of planted forests or for the recovery of degraded areas. In the nursery stage, the quality of the substrate is crucial for plant growth and development. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of alternative substrates, produced from agroforestry residues and decomposed forage grasses, on the biomass input and quality of cedar (Cedrela odorata) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, located in Rio Branco, Acre, in a completely randomized design, with three treatments, consisting of substrates: brachiaria organic compost (1:1); organic compost combined with crushed brazil nut husk (2:1) and commercial substrate, with ten repetitions. At 90 days after sowing, total, shoot and root dry matter and Dickson's quality index were evaluated. The organic compost from Brachiaria grass favors the accumulation of biomass, improves the quality of cedar seedlings and can replace the commercial substrate in a viable way.

Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
M. Celeste Díaz Vélez ◽  
◽  
Ana E. Ferreras ◽  
Valeria Paiaro ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasional Meltdown ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Origin Life

Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.

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