Effect of fall-applied manure practices on runoff, sediment, and nutrient surface transport from silage corn in south coastal British Columbia

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J.P. van Vliet ◽  
B J Zebarth ◽  
G. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Nutrient Loads

Runoff from manured cropland during the wet fall and winter season, when 70% of the annual rainfall occurs, is a surface water quality concern in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. This study compares different fall-manure application strategies on runoff and contaminant transport from silage corn (Zea mays) land. The treatments were (i) a control, which did not receive manure in the fall; (ii) manure broadcast in the fall on corn stubble; and (iii) manure broadcast in the fall on corn stubble with an established relay crop. Runoff, solids, and nutrients loads from natural precipitation were measured on replicated experimental plots (0.0125 ha) from 1996 to 1998. Fall-applied manure on 3–5% sloping silage cornland without a relay crop resulted in a high risk to surface water quality, due to high suspended solid loads of between 7 and 14 Mg ha-1 yr-1 and high nutrient transport with mean annual total Kjeldahl N (TKN) P, and K loads of 98, 21, and 63 kg ha-1, respectively. Compared with no relay crop, intercropping silage corn with a relay crop of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) reduced the mean annual runoff and suspended solid load by 53 and 74%, respectively, TKN load by 56%, P load by 42%, K load by 31%, and Cu load by 57%. Even though total nutrient loads were lower with the relay crop treatment, all fall manure treatments including the relay crop resulted in nutrient loads above guidelines for the first three runoff events immediately following application. Key words: Runoff, suspended solids, nutrient loads, relay crop, cover crop, silage corn, manure

Application of water quality index for assessment of surface water quality surrounding integrated industrial estate-Pantnagar

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 2041-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirthankar Banerjee ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Industrial Estate

Water pollution as a consequence of accelerated industrial growth has drawn concerns over public health and environment. In order to assess the extent of environmental impact due to integrated industrial estate-Pantnagar (IIE-Pantnagar), surface water was monitored for duration of one year. Grab surface water samples from 12 locations were collected, processed and analyzed for 11 pre-identified variables. Besides providing the raw baseline data, the information was normalized and integrated by applying Water Quality Index (WQI). The average surface water quality surrounding IIE-Pantnagar was found to be satisfactory in terms of its potability after conventional treatment and disinfection. During summer season, the WQI of Baigul River at Haldi Road illustrated good water quality (83.3), which however, deteriorates in its downstream at Rudrapur (55.5), signifying moderate quality. The WQI inside IIE-Pantnagar varied from 47.4 to 66.6, revealing moderate to good surface water quality. However, in monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, WQI demonstrated a modest increase in quality for all sampling points, with a few exceptions due to dilution caused by monsoonal rainfall. In this period, average WQI varied from 49.6 to 81.7. During winter season, WQI further declined due to cumulative effects of industrial discharge from IIE-Pantnagar and other adjacent industrial set-ups coupled with municipal waste water from Rudrapur city. The lowest WQI for entire sampling network was found within IIE-Pantnagar as 37.1, revealing poor water quality. The application of WQI to assess temporal variations in surface water quality was therefore found satisfactory.

scholarly journals Groundwater impacts on surface water quality and nutrient loads in lowland polder catchments: monitoring the greater Amsterdam area

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 487-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Yu ◽  
Joachim Rozemeijer ◽  
Boris M. van Breukelen ◽  
Maarten Ouboter ◽  
Corné van der Vlugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Surface Water Chemistry ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
Nutrient Levels

Abstract. The Amsterdam area, a highly manipulated delta area formed by polders and reclaimed lakes, struggles with high nutrient levels in its surface water system. The polders receive spatially and temporally variable amounts of water and nutrients via surface runoff, groundwater seepage, sewer leakage, and via water inlets from upstream polders. Diffuse anthropogenic sources, such as manure and fertiliser use and atmospheric deposition, add to the water quality problems in the polders. The major nutrient sources and pathways have not yet been clarified due to the complex hydrological system in lowland catchments with both urban and agricultural areas. In this study, the spatial variability of the groundwater seepage impact was identified by exploiting the dense groundwater and surface water monitoring networks in Amsterdam and its surrounding polders. A total of 25 variables (concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), NH4, NO3, HCO3, SO4, Ca, and Cl in surface water and groundwater, N and P agricultural inputs, seepage rate, elevation, land-use, and soil type) for 144 polders were analysed statistically and interpreted in relation to sources, transport mechanisms, and pathways. The results imply that groundwater is a large source of nutrients in the greater Amsterdam mixed urban–agricultural catchments. The groundwater nutrient concentrations exceeded the surface water environmental quality standards (EQSs) in 93 % of the polders for TP and in 91 % for TN. Groundwater outflow into the polders thus adds to nutrient levels in the surface water. High correlations (R2 up to 0.88) between solutes in groundwater and surface water, together with the close similarities in their spatial patterns, confirmed the large impact of groundwater on surface water chemistry, especially in the polders that have high seepage rates. Our analysis indicates that the elevated nutrient and bicarbonate concentrations in the groundwater seepage originate from the decomposition of organic matter in subsurface sediments coupled to sulfate reduction and possibly methanogenesis. The large loads of nutrient-rich groundwater seepage into the deepest polders indirectly affect surface water quality in the surrounding area, because excess water from the deep polders is pumped out and used to supply water to the surrounding infiltrating polders in dry periods. The study shows the importance of the connection between groundwater and surface water nutrient chemistry in the greater Amsterdam area. We expect that taking account of groundwater–surface water interaction is also important in other subsiding and urbanising deltas around the world, where water is managed intensively in order to enable agricultural productivity and achieve water-sustainable cities.

The Loch Dee Project: runoff and surface water quality in an area subject to acid precipitation and afforestation in SW Scotland

1987 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Welsh ◽  
J. C. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Granite Complex ◽  
Acid Rainfall ◽  
Turn Over

ABSTRACTA description is given of the hydrological regime and associated surface water quality recorded at a multi-disciplinary long-term investigation into the effects of acid precipitation and afforestation. The study catchment at Loch Dee is situated on the margins of the Loch Doon granite complex in SW Scotland. Annual rainfall is in excess of 2200 mm. The three main tributary burns exhibit a rapid response to rainfall with a high percentage of direct runoff. The loch with an average volume of 3650 M1 and a contributing catchment area of 15·6 km2 has an average turn-over of approximately forty days but this has varied from 15 to 100 days. Local physical variations are shown to influence both hydrological response and surface water quality. Generally stream water during spate conditions reflects rainfall chemistry. Occasionally, however, moderately acid rainfall containing large concentrations of sea salts has produced highly acidic runoff through a process of ion-exchange within the surface horizons of the soils. The quality of base flows shows a spatial variation which reflects various lithologies to the extent that pH values ranging from 4·9 to 6·9 have been observed.

scholarly journals Influence of Land Use/Land Cover on Surface-Water Quality of Santa Lucía River, Uruguay

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Gorgoglione ◽  
Javier Gregorio ◽  
Agustín Ríos ◽  
Jimena Alonso ◽  
Christian Chreties ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Water Quality Variables

Land use/land cover is one of the critical factors that affects surface-water quality at catchment scale. Effective mitigation strategies require an in-depth understanding of the leading causes of water pollution to improve community well-being and ecosystem health. The main aim of this study is to assess the relationship between land use/land cover and biophysical and chemical water-quality parameters in the Santa Lucía catchment (Uruguay, South America). The Santa Lucía river is the primary potable source of the country and, in the last few years, has had eutrophication issues. Several multivariate statistical analyses were adopted to accomplish the specific objectives of this study. The principal component analysis (PCA), coupled with k-means cluster analysis (CA), helped to identify a seasonal variation (fall/winter and spring/summer) of the water quality. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) allowed one to classify the water-quality monitoring stations in three groups in the fall/winter season. The factor analysis (FA) with a rotation of the axis (varimax) was adopted to identify the most significant water-quality variables of the system (turbidity and flow). Finally, another PCA was run to link water-quality variables to the dominant land uses of the watershed. Strong correlations between TP and agriculture-land use, TP and livestock farming, NT and urban areas arose. It was found that these multivariate exploratory tools can provide a proper overview of the water-quality behavior in space and time and the correlations between water-quality variables and land use.

scholarly journals Impact of biomass burning on surface water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: eutrophication modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 7779-7818 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sundarambal ◽  
P. Tkalich ◽  
R. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Chemical Contamination

Abstract. A numerical modeling approach is proposed for the assessment of the nutrient loading of coastal waters from atmospheric sources. The 3-D eutrophication model NEUTRO was enhanced to simulate the spatial distribution and temporal variations of nutrients, planktons and dissolved oxygen due to atmospheric nutrient loadings. It was found that nutrient loading from the atmospheric wet and dry deposition was remarkable during hazy days, the contribution being between 2 and 8 times that of non-hazy days; the smoke haze was due to biomass burning in the Southeast Asian region as discussed in a companion paper on field observations. Atmospheric nutrient loads during hazy days can lead to anthropogenic eutrophication and chemical contamination. The importance of regional smoke haze events in relation to non-hazy days to atmospheric nutrient deposition in terms of their biological responses in the coastal water of the Singapore region was investigated. The percentage increases of surface water nutrients due to atmospheric deposition during non-hazy and hazy days from seawater baseline were estimated. Model computations showed that atmospheric fluxes might account for up to 17–88% of total mass of nitrate nitrogen in the water column during hazy days and 4 to 24% during non-hazy days, which might be a relatively significant contribution into regional eutrophication. The results obtained from the modeling study could be used for a better understanding of the energy flow through the marine food web, exploring various possible scenarios concerning the atmospheric deposition of nutrients onto the coastal zone and studying their impacts on water quality.

scholarly journals Groundwater impacts on surface water quality and nutrient loads in lowland polder catchments: monitoring the greater Amsterdam area

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Yu ◽  
Joachim Rozemeijer ◽  
Boris M. van Breukelen ◽  
Maarten Ouboter ◽  
Corné van der Vlugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Total N ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
Groundwater Surface Water Interaction

Abstract. In this study, the spatial variability of the groundwater seepage impact was identified by exploiting the dense groundwater and surface water monitoring networks in Amsterdam and its surrounding polders. Twenty-three variables (concentrations of Total-N, Total-P, NH4, NO3, HCO3, SO4, Ca, and Cl in surface water and groundwater, seepage rate, elevation, land-use, and soil type) for 144 polders were analysed. The results imply that groundwater is a large source of nutrients in these mixed urban/agricultural catchments. It is confirmed by high correlations (R2 up to 0.88) between solutes in groundwater and surface water, together with the close similarities in their spatial patterns. The groundwater nutrient concentrations exceeded the surface water Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) in 93 % of the polders for TP and in 91 % for TN. The elevated nutrient and bicarbonate concentrations in the groundwater seepage originate from the decomposition of organic matter in subsurface sediments coupled to sulfate reduction and possibly methanogenesis. The large loads of nutrient rich groundwater seepage into the deepest polders indirectly affect surface water quality in the surrounding area, because excess water from the deep polders is pumped out and used to supply water to the surrounding infiltrating polders in dry periods. The study shows the importance of the connection between groundwater and surface water nutrient chemistry in the greater Amsterdam area. We expect that taking account of groundwater-surface water interaction is also important in other subsiding and urbanising deltas around the world, where water is managed intensively in order to enable agricultural productivity and achieve water sustainable cities.

scholarly journals Eutrophication vulnerability analysis: a case study

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. P. Vieira ◽  
José L. S. Pinho ◽  
António A. L. S. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Surface Water Supply

River Cavado water quality variability was studied for eutrophication vulnerability assessment at a new surface water supply intake. Since the river flow regime is artificially controlled by upstream multipurpose reservoirs, mathematical modelling was applied in evaluating alternative management scenarios. Due to the fact that surface water quality at intake location is mainly affected by a wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge 5 km upstream, algae and nutrients concentration simulations have been worked out in order to identify critical situations. Different algal concentration profiles along the river were obtained for local conditions of light energy, water temperature and estimated nutrient loads, showing high probability of eutrophication occurrence for some of the simulated scenarios. The discussion of results of this study appears to be very useful for river basin wide water management policies evaluation.

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