Soil salinization and sodication from alternate irrigations with saline-sodic water and simulated rain

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Buckland ◽  
D. Rodney Bennett ◽  
Dennis E Mikalson ◽  
Eeltje de Jong ◽  
Chi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Irrigation Waters

We conducted a greenhouse study on large, semi-disturbed soil cores excavated from the vicinity of Verdigris Lake in southern Alberta to assess the suitability of different saline-sodic waters for irrigation. Soil salinization and sodication, surface soil physical properties, and yield of five soft white spring wheat crops (Triticum aestivum L. var. AC Reed) were examined under alternate applications of simulated rain with saline-sodic irrigation waters ranging from "safe" to "potentially hazardous" for irrigation. Increased salinity and sodicity of irrigation waters alternated with simulated rain resulted in increased salinity and sodicity in the upper 0.60 to 0.90 m of the soil. Salt accumulation in the root zone decreased as the leaching fraction increased. Aggregate stability and infiltration properties of the soil were generally adversely affected by the more saline and sodic irrigation waters. Infiltration properties were significantly greater with irrigation water (IW) than with distilled water (DW). The soil infiltration rate at 2 h, with DW as the infiltrating water, was the most sensitive soil physical property for assessment of irrigation water suitability. The infiltration test after five crop cycles gave a better indication of the effects of excess sodicity of irrigation water on soil structural stability than the aggregate stability test. The cumulative effects of long-term supplemental irrigation with saline-sodic waters on soil chemical and physical properties need to be considered when assessing irrigation water suitability. Irrigation waters with electrical conductivity (EC) less than or equal to 1 dS m-1 and a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) less than or equal to 5 did not result in deterioration of soil physical properties and were considered "safe" for supplemental irrigation of the Masinasin soil. Alternate applications of irrigation and distilled water should be used to evaluate soil infiltration rates and the structural stability of soils to which saline-sodic waters are to be applied. Key words: Saline-sodic irrigation water, soil salinity, soil sodicity, aggregate stability, infiltration, water quali

scholarly journals Comparison of wheat and safflower cultivation areas in terms of total carbon and some soil properties under semi-arid climate conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1007-1024
Author(s):  
B. Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare the soils of the wheat cultivation area (WCA) and the safflower cultivation area (SCA) within semi-arid climate zones in terms of their total carbon, nitrogen, sulphur contents, particle size distribution, aggregate stability, organic matter content, and pH values. This study presents the results from the analyses of 140 soil samples taken at two soil layers (0–10 and 10–20 cm) in the cultivation areas. At the end of the study, it has been established that there were significant differences between the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties such as total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulphur (TS) contents and pH, while only the TN content resulted in significantly different between the two soil layers. Moreover significant differences were identified in the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties including clay and sand contents, aggregate stability and organic matter content, whereas the only significant difference found among the soil layers was that of their silt content. Since safflower contains higher amounts of biomass than wheat, we found higher amounts of organic matter content and, therefore, higher amounts of TN and TS content in the soils of the SCA. In addition, due to the fact that wheat contains more cellulose – which takes longer to decompose – the TC content of the soil in the WCA were found to be higher than that of the SCA. The results also revealed that the WCA had a higher carbon storage capacity.

Influence of long-term feedlot manure amendments on soil hydraulic conductivity, water-stable aggregates, and soil thermal properties during the growing season

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Miller ◽  
B.W. Beasley ◽  
C.F. Drury ◽  
F.J. Larney ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Thermal Properties

Long-term application of feedlot manure to cropland may change the physical properties of soils. We measured selected soil (surface) physical properties of a Dark Brown Chernozemic clay loam where different amendments were annually applied for 15 (2013), 16 (2014), and 17 (2015) yr. The treatments were stockpiled (SM) or composted (CM) manure with either straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding applied at three rates (13, 39, and 77 Mg ha−1) and an unamended control. The effect of selected or all treatments on selected properties was determined in 2013–2015. These properties included field-saturated (Kfs) and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity or K(ψ), bulk density (BD), volumetric water content, soil temperature, soil thermal properties, and wet aggregate stability. The hypotheses that selected soil physical properties would improve more for treatments with greater total carbon in the amendments (SM > CM, WD > ST) was rejected. The exceptions were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower soil BD for SM than CM and WD than ST for certain dates, and lower soil thermal conductivity for WD than ST. Most soil physical properties generally had no response to 15–17 yr of annual applications of these feedlot amendments, but a few showed a positive response.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS AMBIENTAIS E DOS INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS AMBIENTAIS E DOS ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO NA INFILTRAÇÃO DA ÁGUA EM ÁREA URBANAATRIBUTOS DO SOLO NA INFILTRAÇÃO DA ÁGUA EM ÁREA URBANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1038
Author(s):  
Jéssyca Stanieski de SOUZA ◽  
Isabel Kaufmann de ALMEIDA ◽  
Glauber Altrão CARVALHO ◽  
Teodorico ALVES SOBRINHO ◽  
Cláudia Gonçalves Vianna BACCHI
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Flow Simulator ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the influence of the environmental characteristics and soil properties on the soil infiltration rate in urban permeable area. The experiments were conducted at nine sampling points located in the urban perimeter of Campo Grande, capital city of Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the Brazilian Midwest. The infiltration rates were determined using a portable integrated rainfall and overland flow simulator. Each experiment was repeated three times, and a total of twenty-seven plots were collected. At the same time, environmental characteristics and soil physical properties, that may affect infiltration rate, were also evaluated. The relationship between the infiltration rate, the environmental plot characteristics and the soil physical properties was verified using a linear correlation matrix.

scholarly journals USE OF SCALED SEMIVARIOGRAMS IN THE PLANNING SAMPLE OF SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN SOUTHERN AMAZONAS, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Eleotério de Aquino ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
José Marques Junior ◽  
Ivanildo Amorim de Oliveira ◽  
Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The State ◽  
Sample Density

There is a great lack of information from soil surveys in the southern part of the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The use of tools such as geostatistics may improve environmental planning, use and management. In this study, we aimed to use scaled semivariograms in sample design of soil physical properties of some environments in Amazonas. We selected five areas located in the south of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, with varied soil uses, such as forest, archaeological dark earth (ADE), pasture, sugarcane cropping, and agroforestry. Regular mesh grids were set up in these areas with 64 sample points spaced at 10 m from each other. At these points, we determined the particle size composition, soil resistance to penetration, moisture, soil bulk density and particle density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, and aggregate stability in water at a depth of 0.00-0.20 m. Descriptive and geostatistical analyses were performed. The sample density requirements were lower in the pasture area but higher in the forest. We concluded that managed-environments had differences in their soil physical properties compared to the natural forest; notably, the soil in the ADE environment is physically improved in relation to the others. The physical properties evaluated showed a structure of spatial dependence with a slight variability of the forest compared to the others. The use of the range parameter of the semivariogram analysis proved to be effective in determining an ideal sample density.

scholarly journals Comparison of wheat and safflower cultivation areas in terms of total carbon and some soil properties under semi-arid climate conditions

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare the soils of the wheat cultivation area (WCA) and the safflower cultivation area (SCA) within semi-arid climate zones in terms of their total carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur contents, particle size distribution, aggregate stability, organic matter content, and pH values. This study presents the results from the analyses of 140 soil samples taken at two soil layers (0–10 and 10–20 cm) in the cultivation areas. At the end of the study, it was established that there were significant differences between the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties such as total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulphur (TS) contents and pH, while only the TN content was significantly different between the two soil layers. Moreover, significant differences were identified between the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties including clay and sand contents, aggregate stability, and organic matter content, whereas the only significant difference found among the soil layers was that of their silt content. Since safflower contains higher amounts of biomass than wheat, we found higher amounts of organic matter content and, therefore, higher amounts of TN and TS content in the soils of the SCA. In addition, due to the fact that wheat contains more cellulose – which takes longer to decompose – the TC content of the soil in the WCA was found to be higher than that in the SCA. The results also revealed that the WCA had a higher carbon storage capacity.

scholarly journals Effects of sodicity induced changes in soil physical properties on paddy root growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srivastava PK ◽  
M. Gupta ◽  
A. Pandey ◽  
V. Pandey ◽  
N. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Induced Changes

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of sodicity induced changes in soil physical properties on paddy root growth in the normal agriculture, semi-reclaimed and sodic soils. The root growth (length, length density, biomass and distribution pattern) were unfavourably affected by the soil physical properties (bulk density, soil aggregate stability, available water content, hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention potential) in the case of sodic soil. The microbial biomass carbon, bacterial, fungal population and dehydrogenase activity showed the lower values in the case of sodosol compared to the normal soil. These soil biological properties tend to sustain paddy root growth in normal and semi-reclaimed soils. Principal component analysis revealed that soil physical properties accounted for 98.2% of total variance in root growth. The study revealed that salt stress induces changes in soil physical properties limiting paddy root growth in the salt affected soils. It is important to reclaim sodosols to alleviate salt induced physical stress for optimum paddy root growth.

scholarly journals Soil physical properties and grape yield influenced by cover crops and management systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1352-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Dalla Rosa ◽  
Alvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
João Carlos Medeiros ◽  
Jackson Adriano Albuquerque ◽  
Davi José Miquelluti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Grape Yield

The use of cover crops in vineyards is a conservation practice with the purpose of reducing soil erosion and improving the soil physical quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate cover crop species and management systems on soil physical properties and grape yield. The experiment was carried out in Bento Gonçalves, RS, Southern Brazil, on a Haplic Cambisol, in a vineyard established in 1989, using White and Rose Niagara grape (Vitis labrusca L.) in a horizontal, overhead trellis system. The treatments were established in 2002, consisting of three cover crops: spontaneous species (SS), black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) (BO), and a mixture of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and annual rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum L.) (MC). Two management systems were applied: desiccation with herbicide (D) and mechanical mowing (M). Soil under a native forest (NF) area was collected as a reference. The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks, with three replications. The soil physical properties in the vine rows were not influenced by cover crops and were similar to the native forest, with good quality of the soil structure. In the inter-rows, however, there was a reduction in biopores, macroporosity, total porosity and an increase in soil density, related to the compaction of the surface soil layer. The M system increased soil aggregate stability compared to the D system. The treatments affected grapevine yield only in years with excess or irregular rainfall.

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