5 A Diverse Community

The invasive Drosophila suzukii feeds and reproduces on various cultivated and wild fruits and moves between agricultural and semi-natural habitats. Hedges in agricultural landscapes play a vital role in the population development of D. suzukii, but also harbor a diverse community of natural enemies. We investigated predation by repeatedly exposing cohorts of D. suzukii pupae between June and October in dry and humid hedges at five different locations in Switzerland. We sampled predator communities and analyzed their gut content for the presence of D. suzukii DNA based on the COI marker. On average, 44% of the exposed pupae were predated. Predation was higher in dry than humid hedges, but did not differ significantly between pupae exposed on the ground or on branches and among sampling periods. Earwigs, spiders, and ants were the dominant predators. Predator communities did not vary significantly between hedge types or sampling periods. DNA of D. suzukii was detected in 3.4% of the earwigs, 1.8% of the spiders, and in one predatory bug (1.6%). While the molecular gut content analysis detected only a small proportion of predators that had fed on D. suzukii, overall predation seemed sufficient to reduce D. suzukii populations, in particular in hedges that provide few host fruit resources.

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Improving support for breastfeeding mothers: a qualitative study on the experiences of breastfeeding among mothers who reside in a deprived and culturally diverse community

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-021-01419-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Erica Jane Cook ◽

Faye Powell ◽

Nasreen Ali ◽

Catrin Penn-Jones ◽

Bertha Ochieng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Culturally Diverse ◽

Local Community ◽

Framework Analysis ◽

Black African ◽

Early Stages ◽

Practical Support ◽

Diverse Community

Abstract Background The United Kingdom has one of the lowest breastfeeding rates in Europe, with the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding shown to be closely related to the mothers’ age, ethnicity and social class. Whilst the barriers that influence a woman’s decision to breastfeed are well documented, less is known how these barriers vary by the UK’s diverse population. As such, this study aimed to explore mothers’ experiences of breastfeeding and accessing breastfeeding services offered locally amongst a deprived and culturally diverse community. Methods A qualitative interpretive study comprising of 63 mothers (white British n = 8, Pakistani n = 13, Bangladeshi n = 10, black African n = 15 and Polish n = 17) who took part in single-sex focus groups, conducted in local community centres across the most deprived and ethnically diverse wards in Luton, UK. The focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically using Framework Analysis. Results The most common barriers to breastfeeding irrespective of ethnicity were perceptions surrounding pain and lack of milk. Confidence and motivation were found to be crucial facilitators of breastfeeding; whereby mothers felt that interventions should seek to reassure and support mothers not only during the early stages but throughout the breastfeeding journey. Mothers particularly valued the practical support provided by health care professions particularly surrounding positioning and attachment techniques. However, many mothers felt that the support from health care professionals was not always followed through. Conclusions The findings presented inform important recommendations for the design and implementation of future programs and interventions targeted at reducing breastfeeding inequalities. Interventions should focus on providing mothers practical support and reassurance not only during the early stages but throughout their breastfeeding journey. The findings also highlight the need for tailoring services to support diverse communities which acknowledge different traditional and familial practices.

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Transgender and Gender Diverse Community Connection, Help-Seeking, and Mental Health Among Black Transgender Women Who Have Survived Violence: A Mixed-Methods Analysis

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/10778012211013892 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107780122110138

Author(s):

Athena D. F. Sherman ◽

Sarah Allgood ◽

Kamila A. Alexander ◽

Meredith Klepper ◽

Monique S. Balthazar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Transgender Women ◽

Gender Diverse ◽

Diverse Community ◽

And Gender

Black transgender women are disproportionately affected by violence and poor care-delivery, contributing to poor mental health. Little is known regarding the effect of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) community connection (TCC) on health. This analysis (a) explores relationships between TCC, polyvictimization, and mental health and (b) analyzes how TCC influenced help-seeking following violent experiences among Black transgender women. Mixed-methods data from 19 Black transgender women were analyzed using correlational and thematic content analyses. Findings suggest that TCC is associated with improved help-seeking and mental health among Black transgender women, highlighting a need for longitudinal research to identify approaches for leveraging TCC.

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Digital conferencing in times of crisis

International Journal of the Sociology of Language ◽

10.1515/ijsl-2020-0088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (267-268) ◽

pp. 55-68

Author(s):

Brook Bolander ◽

Julia Fine

Keyword(s):

Viable Alternative ◽

Carbon Intensity ◽

Hybrid Form ◽

Face To Face ◽

Diverse Community

Abstract This essay stems from our growing concern about the carbon intensity of academia, and of conferencing as an epitome of this. Face-to-face conferencing is widely recognised as both unsustainable and inequitable. Against this backdrop, digital conferencing (online only, or in hybrid form) offers a viable alternative. However, shifting to digital forms of conferencing does not automatically bring about equity. Drawing on white papers, academic discussions and results from a PollEverywhere survey, this essay explores issues of sustainability and equity across modes of face-to-face and digital conferencing, with the aim of charting a path towards more sustainable and accessible digital practises for a diverse community of linguists.

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Uncommon Non-Candida Yeasts in Healthy Turkeys—Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Biochemical Characteristic of Trichosporon Isolates

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050538 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 538

Author(s):

Kamila Bobrek ◽

Ireneusz Sokół ◽

Andrzej Gaweł

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Amphotericin B ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Range Limit ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Lower Range ◽

Normal Microflora ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Diverse Community

The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals is inhabited by a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. In cases where there is an imbalance in the normal microflora or an immunosuppression on the part of the host, these opportunistic microorganisms can cause severe infections. The study presented here evaluates the biochemical and antifungal susceptibility features of Trichosporon spp., uncommon non-Candida strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy turkeys. The Trichosporon coremiiforme and Trichosporon (Apiotrichum) montevideense accounted for 7.7% of all fungi isolates. The biochemical tests showed that Trichosporon coremiiforme had active esterase (C4), esterase-lipase (C8) valine arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI phosphohydrolase, α-galactosidase, and β-glucosidase. Likewise, Trichosporon montevideense demonstrated esterase-lipase (C8), lipase (C14), valine arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI phosphohydrolase, α-galactosidase, and β-glucosidase activity. T.coremiiforme and T. monteviidense isolated from turkeys were itraconazole resistant and amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole susceptible. Compared with human isolates, the MIC range and MIC values of turkey isolates to itraconazole were in a higher range limit in both species, while MIC values to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole were in a lower range limit. Furthermore, the obtained ITS1—5.8rRNA—ITS2 fragment sequences were identical with T. coremiiforme and T. montevideense sequences isolated from humans indicating that these isolates are shared pathogens.

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James S. Pacy

Political Science and Politics ◽

10.1017/s1049096508271283 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (04) ◽

pp. 890-891

Author(s):

John P. Burke ◽

Garrison Nelson ◽

Alan Wertheimer

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

New Jersey ◽

Political Science ◽

Ethnically Diverse ◽

Professor Emeritus ◽

Company Town ◽

Diverse Community

It is with great sadness that we report the death of James S. Pacy, professor emeritus of political science. Jim died at his home in Burlington, Vermont, on April 21, 2008, of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 77. Jim, of proud Hungarian descent, was born in Caledonia, Ontario, on August 17, 1930. His family emigrated to Manville, New Jersey, when he was two years old. Manville, at the time the company town of asbestos manufacturer Johns-Manville, was an ethnically diverse community just a short drive up from Princeton but in an entirely different world. His hometown was the topic of many a reminiscence and story told by Jim over the years. Manville, for Jim, was always a reminder of the importance of home, ethnic ties, and community. For him, that humble background would lead to greater things.

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