scholarly journals Genetic diversity and dominant species of bacterial pathogen isolated from peach showed diseased symptoms of bacterial shot hole in Okayama Prefecture, Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (0) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Okayama Prefecture

scholarly journals Design, delivery and perception of condition-dependent chemical signals in strepsirrhine primates: implications for human olfactory communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1800) ◽  
pp. 20190264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Drea
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Olfactory Communication ◽  
Scent Mark ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Selection Of

The study of human chemical communication benefits from comparative perspectives that relate humans, conceptually and empirically, to other primates. All major primate groups rely on intraspecific chemosignals, but strepsirrhines present the greatest diversity and specialization, providing a rich framework for examining design, delivery and perception. Strepsirrhines actively scent mark, possess a functional vomeronasal organ, investigate scents via olfactory and gustatory means, and are exquisitely sensitive to chemically encoded messages. Variation in delivery, scent mixing and multimodality alters signal detection, longevity and intended audience. Based on an integrative, 19-species review, the main scent source used (excretory versus glandular) differentiates nocturnal from diurnal or cathemeral species, reflecting differing socioecological demands and evolutionary trajectories. Condition-dependent signals reflect immutable (species, sex, identity, genetic diversity, immunity and kinship) and transient (health, social status, reproductive state and breeding history) traits, consistent with socio-reproductive functions. Sex reversals in glandular elaboration, marking rates or chemical richness in female-dominant species implicate sexual selection of olfactory ornaments in both sexes. Whereas some compounds may be endogenously produced and modified (e.g. via hormones), microbial analyses of different odorants support the fermentation hypothesis of bacterial contribution. The intimate contexts of information transfer and varied functions provide important parallels applicable to olfactory communication in humans. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Olfactory communication in humans’.

Both co-infection and superinfection drive complex Anaplasma marginale strain structure in a natural transmission setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Koku ◽  
David R. Herndon ◽  
Johannetsy Avillan ◽  
Jillian Morrison ◽  
James E. Futse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
Transmission Setting ◽  
Multiple Strains

Vector-borne pathogens commonly establish multi-strain infections, also called complex infections. How complex infections are established, either prior to or after the development of an adaptive immune response, termed co-infection or superinfection, respectively, has broad implications for the maintenance of genetic diversity, pathogen phenotype, epidemiology, and disease control strategies. Anaplasma marginale , a genetically diverse, obligate, intracellular tick-borne bacterial pathogen of cattle commonly establishes complex infections, particularly in regions with high transmission rates. Both co-infection and superinfection can be established experimentally, however it is unknown how complex infections develop in a natural transmission setting. To address this question, we introduced naïve animals into a herd in southern Ghana with high infection prevalence and high transmission pressure and tracked strain acquisition of A. marginale through time using multi-locus sequence typing. As expected, genetic diversity among strains was high and 97% of animals in the herd harboured multiple strains. All the introduced, naïve animals became infected, and three to four strains were typically detected in an individual animal prior to seroconversion, while one to two new strains were detected in an individual animal following seroconversion. On average, the number of strains acquired via superinfection was 16% less than those acquired via co-infection. Thus, while complex infections develop via both co-infection and superinfection, co-infection predominates in this setting. These findings have broad implications for the development of control strategies in high transmission settings.

scholarly journals High genomic diversity of novel phages infecting the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, isolated in Mauritius and Reunion islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélina Trotereau ◽  
Claudine Boyer ◽  
Isabelle Bornard ◽  
Max Jean Bernard Pécheur ◽  
Catherine Schouler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Southwest Indian Ocean ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Bacterial Diseases

AbstractBacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is among the most important plant diseases worldwide, severely affecting a high number of crops and ornamental plants in tropical regions. Only a limited number of phages infecting R. solanacearum have been isolated over the years, despite the importance of this bacterium and the associated plant disease. The antibacterial effect or morphological traits of these R. solanacearum viruses have been well studied, but not their genomic features, which need deeper consideration. This study reports the full genome of 23 new phages infecting RSSC isolated from agricultural samples collected in Mauritius and Reunion islands, particularly affected by this plant bacterial pathogen and considered biodiversity hotspots in the Southwest Indian Ocean. The complete genomic information and phylogenetic classification is provided, revealing high genetic diversity between them and weak similarities with previous related phages. The results support our proposal of 13 new species and seven new genera of R. solanacearum phages. Our findings highlight the wide prevalence of phages of RSSC in infected agricultural settings and the underlying genetic diversity. Discoveries of this kind lead more insight into the diversity of phages in general and to optimizing their use as biocontrol agents of bacterial diseases of plants in agriculture.

scholarly journals Comparing Complete Mitochondrion Genome of Bloom-forming Macroalgae from the Southern Yellow Sea, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 02037
Author(s):  
Jing Xia ◽  
Peimin He ◽  
Jinlin Liu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yichao Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ulva Prolifera ◽  
Green Tide ◽  
Southern Yellow Sea ◽  
The Southern Yellow Sea ◽  
Ulva Compressa

The green tide in the Southern Yellow Sea which has been erupting continuously for 14 years. Dominant species of the free-floating Ulva in the early stage of macroalgae bloom were Ulva compressa, Ulva flexuosa, Ulva prolifera, and Ulva linza along the coast of Jiangsu Province. In the present study, we carried out comparative studies on complete mitochondrion genomes of four kinds of bloom-forming green algae, and provided standard morphological characteristic pictures of these Ulva species. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that U. linza is the closest sister species of U. prolifera. This study will be helpful in studying the genetic diversity and identification of Ulva species.

COLUMNARIS DISEASE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ITS BACTERIAL PATHOGEN FLAVOBACTERIUM COLUMNARE IN FRESHWATER FISH IN CHINA

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Fa WANG ◽  
Hai-Xia XIE ◽  
Jin ZHANG ◽  
Nan LI ◽  
Wei-Jian YAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Flavobacterium Columnare ◽  
Columnaris Disease

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Clavibacter michiganensis Reveals Insight Into Virulence Strategies and Genetic Diversity of a Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 786-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shree P. Thapa ◽  
Sivakumar Pattathil ◽  
Michael G. Hahn ◽  
Marie-Agnès Jacques ◽  
Robert L. Gilbertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Multiple Introduction

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen that proliferates in the xylem vessels of tomato, causing bacterial canker disease. In this study, we sequenced and assembled genomes of 11 C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains isolated from infected tomato fields in California as well as five Clavibacter strains that colonize tomato endophytically but are not pathogenic in this host. The analysis of the C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis genomes supported the monophyletic nature of this pathogen but revealed genetic diversity among strains, consistent with multiple introduction events. Two tomato endophytes that clustered phylogenetically with C. michiganensis strains capable of infecting wheat and pepper and were also able to cause disease in these plants. Plasmid profiles of the California strains were variable and supported the essential role of the pCM1-like plasmid and the CelA cellulase in virulence, whereas the absence of the pCM2-like plasmid in some pathogenic C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains revealed it is not essential. A large number of secreted C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis proteins were carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Glycome profiling revealed that C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis but not endophytic Clavibacter strains is able to extensively alter tomato cell-wall composition. Two secreted CAZymes found in all C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains, CelA and PelA1, enhanced pathogenicity on tomato. Collectively, these results provide a deeper understanding of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis diversity and virulence strategies.

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