scholarly journals Open Tuberculosis in Police Custody Suites, the Risks to those Working there and Current United Kingdom Public Health Legislation

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Bruce-Chwatt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Police Custody ◽  
Health Legislation

scholarly journals A unique measles B3 cluster in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands linked to air travel and transit at a large international airport, February to April 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Nic Lochlainn ◽  
Sema Mandal ◽  
Rita de Sousa ◽  
Karthik Paranthaman ◽  
Rob van Binnendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
The Uk ◽  
In Transit

This report describes a joint measles outbreak investigation between public health officials in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands following detection of a measles cluster with a unique measles virus strain. From 1 February to 30 April 2014, 33 measles cases with a unique measles virus strain of genotype B3 were detected in the UK and the Netherlands, of which nine secondary cases were epidemiologically linked to an infectious measles case travelling from the Philippines. Through a combination of epidemiological investigation and sequence analysis, we found that measles transmission occurred in flight, airport and household settings. The secondary measles cases included airport workers, passengers in transit at the same airport or travelling on the same flight as the infectious case and also household contacts. This investigation highlighted the particular importance of measles genotyping in identifying transmission networks and the need to improve vaccination, public health follow-up and management of travellers and airport staff exposed to measles.

scholarly journals Why did the children stop coming? Reasons for paediatric emergency department attendance decrease during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: A qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Breckons ◽  
Sophie Thorne ◽  
Rebecca Walsh ◽  
Sunil Bhopal ◽  
Stephen Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
List Type ◽  
Paediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Paediatric Emergency ◽  
Health Messaging

AbstractObjectiveTo explore parent’s experiences and views relating to their use of children’s emergency healthcare services during the Covid-19 pandemic.DesignQualitative telephone interview study using in-depth interviews, based on the principles of grounded theory. Recorded, transcribed verbatim, managed in NVivo version 12, analysed by thematic analysis.SettingNorth East England, United Kingdom.ParticipantsParents of children aged 0-8 years.FindingsThree major themes emerged from the interview data: Risk to children and families, Sources of Information, and Making Healthcare-seeking Decisions. These themes encompassed a range of intellectual and emotional responses in the way that parents interpreted information related to Covid-19, and their sense of responsibility towards family and wider society.ConclusionsTogether these themes aid understanding of the changes in paediatric emergency department attendances reported in the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. The analysis suggests that public health messaging directed at those seeking urgent care for children may be inadequate and lead to adverse consequences, the impacts of which require further study and refinement.What is known about the subjectFollowing lockdown, there was a substantial reduction in the number of children taken to unscheduled medical care across the countryDelays in presentation can impact on children’s healthIt is not known what parents’ views are on accessing emergency health services in a pandemic situationWhat this study addsParents had to weigh up a number of information sources before deciding on whether to take their child to hospitalPublic health messaging directed at those seeking urgent care for children may lead to a reduction in use of emergency healthcare servicesFuture lockdowns should implement focussed strategies, optimising use of emergency healthcare services, whilst avoiding harm.

scholarly journals Women in Medicine: Dr. Theresa Tam

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Dunbar-Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Career Trajectory ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Officer ◽  
Chief Public Health Officer

Canada’s Chief Public Health Officer, Dr. Theresa Tam (BMBS (UK), FRCPC) attended medical school in the United Kingdom before immigrating to Canada where she trained in pediatrics and specialized in infectious disease. She has maintained a ‘pourquoi pas’ attitude throughout her career that has helped her realize her vocation in public health, gain experience in the healthcare field—both around the globe and on Canadian soil—and advance into prominent leadership positions. Today, as Canada’s Chief Public Health Officer, known colloquially as Canada’s Top Doctor, Dr. Tam has been thrust into the spotlight as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article outlines her exciting career trajectory and explores the challenges she faces while informing Canadians of guidelines for staying healthy during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Public health implications of influenza B outbreaks in closed settings in the United Kingdom in the 2007/08 influenza season

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Mook ◽  
J Ellis ◽  
J M Watson ◽  
CI Thompson ◽  
M Zambon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The United Kingdom

Several influenza B outbreaks occurred in closed settings late in the 2007/08 influenza season (October to mid-May) in the United Kingdom (UK), with implications for public health management. Influenza B viruses usually circulate late in the season and cause a milder disease than influenza A viruses [1]. Epidemics of influenza B usually occur every two to three years with the burden of disease falling predominantly on school-aged children [2].

Facemask wearing among Chinese international students from Hong Kong studying in United Kingdom Universities during COVID-19: A mixed method study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Yuen-Kwan Lai ◽  
Shirley Man-Man Sit ◽  
Theresa Tze-Kwan Lai ◽  
Man-Ping Wang ◽  
Cecilia Hoi-Mei Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Students ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
The Uk

BACKGROUND The mental health of international students studying abroad has been neglected during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE This mixed-method study examined perceived public attitudes, personal beliefs, practice and stress toward facemask wearing as a preventive measure against COVID-19 among international university students from Hong Kong studying in the United Kingdom (UK) in the early stage (January – March 2020) of the pandemic. METHODS Our study included 2 parts: (i) an exponential, non-discriminative snowball sampling strategy was used to recruit 91 Chinese students studying in the UK to complete an online questionnaire survey, and (ii) online Zoom focus group interviews were conducted with 16 students to gain an in-depth understanding on their experiences and coping methods during the pandemic. RESULTS Of the 91 students, 92.3% reported the UK public did not view facemask wearing as a preventive measure. 98.9% believed facemask wearing was an effective preventive measure, but 56% wore facemasks more than half of the time when out in public. 50.5% of them had internal conflicts of feeling stressed both when wearing facemasks and not wearing facemasks, which was more common in females than males [(62.5% versus 31.5%, P=0.004, Relative Risk (RR): 1.99 (1.17, 3.38)]. 61.5% reported public prejudiced attitudes against facemask wearing, also more females than males (71.4% versus 45.7%, P=0.02, RR: 1.56 (1.05, 2.32). Qualitative findings showed feeling of conflicts between personal beliefs and social norms, feeling stressed about wearing facemasks as a preventive measure, and experience of prejudice. Peer and family support helped students face such difficulties. Positive thinking and being adaptable were effective methods of stress management. Qualitative findings corroborated the quantitative results. CONCLUSIONS Prejudiced attitudes and behaviours from others, and differences in public attitudes toward facemask wearing resulted in much stress in students’ stress. Clear and accurate public health messaging regarding facemask wearing is needed to change public attitudes and mitigate prejudice. Owing to the ongoing pandemic and rising xenophobia, specifically Sinophobia, academic institutions and public health professionals should take initiative in reaching out to urgently address the needs of international students and provide support in managing their ongoing stress and enhance mental wellbeing. CLINICALTRIAL Ethics approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of The University of Hong Kong / Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (reference number: UW20-298). The study was registered with the National Institutes of Health (identifier number: NCT04365361).

TRENDS IN HEALTH LEGISLATION AND ADMINISTRATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-624
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
National Heart ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Law ◽  
Health Legislation ◽  
Training Of Personnel

NOW that the national elections are in the background, we may expect to see Congressional decks being cleared for action in the 81st Congress. It is therefore in order to review the achievements of the 80th Congress in respect to health legislation. The magnitude of the federal government's role in the development and financing of programs in the field of health can readily be appreciated by the fact that Congress appropriated approximately $165,000,000 for public health activities during the current fiscal year. Contract authorizations will raise the amount to more than $275,000,000. Besides these appropriations, the federal government assumes the total cost for many of the medical and hospital needs of the veteran population. Among the appropriations voted by Congress for various health programs for the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1948, are the following:[see table in source pdf] LEGISLATION PASSED Heart Disease Program: Congress enacted the National Heart Act. This law provides for (1) increased cardiovascular research, (2) improvement and expansion of heart disease detection and diagnostic services, (3) training of personnel both in the fields of research and matters relating to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of heart disease. For these purposes, Congress voted an appropriation of over $3,000,000 for the current fiscal year. This program, which is to be administered by the Public Health Service, is comparable with those already operating in the fields of cancer and mental health. The law establishes the National Heart Institute and a National Advisory Heart Council consisting of 12 non-federal members, of which Dr. Paul D. White of Boston has been appointed Chairman. Included within the appropriation is an authorization for grants-in-aid to states for community heart disease programs in the amount of $500,000. Dental Disease Program: Congress passed the National Dental Research Act to establish a program to increase research in problems of dental health and to increase training of personnel in matters related to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental diseases. For these purposes, the law authorizes an annual appropriation of $750,000.

Cost–utility analysis of public health interventions

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-203
Author(s):  
Rhiannon T. Edwards ◽  
Eira Winrow
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Cost Utility Analysis ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Utility Analysis ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

This chapter builds upon Chapters 2 and 6 by introducing the reader to the history and concepts of health-related quality of life, cost–utility analysis, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and payer thresholds. The aim of this chapter is to outline in more depth the role of applied cost–utility analyses in the economic evaluation of public health interventions. The chapter goes on to reproduce a paper by Owen and colleagues at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom. This paper shows that many public health interventions often have a cost per QALY considerably lower than the £20,000 payer threshold conventionally used by NICE in the United Kingdom.

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