scholarly journals Effect of Temperatures and Culture Media on Sclerotium rolfsii Mycelial Growth, Sclerotial Formation and Germination

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakher Ayed ◽  
Hayfa Jabnoun Khiareddine ◽  
Rania Aydi Ben Abdallah ◽  
Mejda Daami Remadi
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Sclerotial Formation

scholarly journals Effect of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth and Sclerotial Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Fakher Ayed ◽  
Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine ◽  
Rania Aydi-Ben Abdallah ◽  
Mejda Daami-Remadi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
N Source ◽  
Sclerotial Formation ◽  
Sclerotial Development ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

In vitro studies were conducted on Potato Dextrose Agar using different carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources to evaluate their effects on the mycelial growth, and the sclerotial development of three Tunisian Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. isolates. Radial growth was optimum on basal medium supplemented with ammonium chloride (0.48 gram of nitrogen per liter (g of N.L-1)) as N source but was restricted on L-Arginine and completely inhibited on ammonium acetate amended media (0.48 g N.L-1). Sclerotial initiation occurred from the 3rd to the 12th day of incubation for all tested isolates. Potassium nitrate was the most suitable N source for sclerotial formation whereas sclerotial development was completely inhibited on ammonium acetate amended medium. Optimal sclerotial germination was recorded using L-Arginine (78-80%) followed by L-Asparagine (46-94%) and ammonium chloride (46-88%) as N sources. Nevertheless, the lowest sclerotial germination rate was noted on sodium nitrate and ammonium acetate amended media. As for C sources (16 gram of carbon per liter (g of C.L-1)), optimal radial growth occurred using D-mannitol for Sr1 and Sr2 isolates and maltose for Sr3, but no mycelial growth was recorded using sodium citrate for all isolates. All C sources tested, except sodium citrate, were suitable for sclerotial formation, production, and germination. Mature sclerotia became brownish after 6 to 12 days of incubation and sclerotial production was highest using D-mannitol, maltose, and D-glucose, depending on isolates used, as C sources. Optimal germination of sclerotia was noted using D-glucose, D-mannitol and maltose for Sr1 isolate, maltose for Sr2 and D-glucose and maltose for Sr3. It was concluded that N and C sources are both important factors for the growth of S. rolfsii and its survival.

Management of collar rot disease in chickpea by Trichoderma species

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM PANDEY ◽  
G. C. SAGAR ◽  
SUNDARMAN SHRESTHA2 ◽  
HIRAKAJI MANANDHAR ◽  
RITESH K. YADAV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different agro- ecological regions of Nepal viz; Jumla, Palpa, Chitwan, Tarahara, Banke, Illam and Salyan and screened against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Adreded soil borne phytopathogen causing collar rot of chickpea in chickpea; In-vitro efficacy of nine fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) against Sclerotium rolfsii were screened. Pot experiment was done to find out the effective management of S. rolfsi through Tricoderma using different methods i.e. Seed treatment, soil drenching and soil application. All the tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found effective on mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial parasitization of S. rolfsii. Trichoderma isolated from Palpa district showed maximum growth inhibition (%) of pathogen periodically after 48(93.78%), 72(96.00%), 96(97.96%) and 120(100.00%) hours of inoculation. Parasitized sclerotium showed minimum sclerotial germination on agar plates. Moreover, Trichoderma species isolated from Palpa districts showed second best percent mycelial growth inhibition periodically at 72(25.00%), 120(29.16%), 168(29.16%) and 216(29.16%).In pot experiment at 40 days after sowing, Seedling height was maximum in soil drenching with 30g per 100ml of water (22.27cm) and Mortality percentage of seedlings was least or highest disease control was observed in seed treated with 109cfu/ml (0.000%).

scholarly journals Growth and sporulation of Metarhizium flavoviride var. Flavoviride on culture media and lighting regimes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sideney Becker Onofre ◽  
Cindia Mara Miniuk ◽  
Neiva Monteiro de Barros ◽  
João Lúcio Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Metarhizium Flavoviride ◽  
Conidia Production

Entomopathogenic fungi from the genus Metarhizium are largely used for the biological control of agricultural pests by conidia spreading on the field. Although conidia production is well studied in M. anisopliae, only few research studies were done in M. flavoviride. The present work was carried out alming to evaluate the Mycelial growth and sporulation of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride var. flavoviride growing at 27 ± 2°C on Potato-dextrose-agar (PDA), Czapek-agar (CZP) and a complete agar medium (CM) under three lighting regimes, (continuous illumination, light/dark cycle and an black light/dark cycle) were investigated. A completely randomized 3 × 3 (culture media × lighting regime) factorial design with four replicates was used. The best mycelial growth and sporulation occurred on the PDA and CM media under continuous illumination (P <= 0,05).

scholarly journals Fungicidal effect of silver nanoparticles on toxigenic fungi in cocoa

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1929-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Villamizar-Gallardo ◽  
Johann Faccelo Osma Cruz ◽  
Oscar Orlando Ortíz-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbicidal effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on potentially toxigenic fungi affecting cocoa (Theobroma cacao) crops. These fungi, isolated from diseased cocoa pods, were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. The microbicidal effect was assessed by measuring radial mycelial growth, in synthetic culture media, and at different AgNP concentrations in plant tissues. The inhibition effect was monitored in Petri dishes, and changes in fungal structures were observed through scanning electron microscopy. Two potentially toxigenic fungi were highly prevalent: Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium solani. The inhibition assays, performed in liquid and solid synthetic culture media, showed that AgNPs did not significantly affect the growth of these fungi, even at the highest concentration (100 ppm). By contrast, they showed a positive inhibitory effect in plant tissues, especially in the cortex, when infected with A. flavus, in which an 80 ppm dose completely inhibited fungal growth. However, once fungi have managed to penetrate inside the pods, their growth is unavoidable, and AgNP effect is reduced. On F. solani, the studied nanomaterial only induced some texture and pigmentation changes. The microbicidal effect of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles is greater in plant tissues than in culture media.

scholarly journals Effects of pH and Aeration on Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Mycelial Growth, Sclerotial Production and Germination

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakher Ayed ◽  
Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine ◽  
Rania Aydi-Ben-Abdallah ◽  
Mejda Daami-Remadi
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Sclerotial Development ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the devastating soilborne fungus responsible for significant plant losses. The effects of pH and aeration on pathogen mycelial growth, sclerotial production and germination were investigated for three Tunisian isolates. Optimal mycelial growth occurred at pH 6 for Sr2 and Sr3 isolates and at pH 6-7 for Sr1. Dry mycelial growth was optimum at pH values ranging between 4 and 7. Sclerotial initiation started on the 3rd day of incubation at all pH values tested and mature sclerotia were formed after 6 to 12 days. Optimal sclerotial production was noted at pH 5. The dry weight of 100 sclerotia varied depending on isolates and pH and occurred at pH range 4-7. At pH 9, mycelial growth, sclerotial production and dry weight of 100 sclerotia were restricted. The optimum sclerotial germination, noted after 24 h of incubation, varied depending on isolates and pH and occurred at pH 4-9. Mycelial growth was optimum in aerated plates with a significant isolates x aeration treatments interaction. Sclerotial initiation occurred at the 3rd day of incubation and mature sclerotia were observed after 6-9 days. Sclerotial development was very slow in completely sealed plates and dark sclerotia were produced only after 15 days of incubation. The highest sclerotial yields were noted in aerated plates. The highest dry weight of 100 sclerotia for Sr1 isolate was recorded in ½ sealed, no sealed and completely sealed plates, while for Sr2, it was noted in ½ and ⅔ sealed plates. For Sr3, the maximum dry weight of 100 sclerotia was recorded in ½, ⅔ and completely sealed plates. Germination of S. rolfsii sclerotia, after 24 h of incubation, did not vary significantly depending on aeration treatments and ranged from 90 to 100% for all isolates.

scholarly journals Selection of filamentous fungi that are resistant to the herbicides atrazine, glyphosate and pendimethalin

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51656
Author(s):  
Nara Priscila Barbosa Bravim ◽  
Anatércia Ferreira Alves ◽  
José Fábio França Orlanda ◽  
Patricia Barbosa Rodrigues Silva
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of the present study was to isolate fungi from agricultural soils and evaluate fungal growth in culture medium contaminated with atrazine, glyphosate and pendimethalin. Filamentous fungi were isolated from agricultural soils and cultured in a modified culture medium containing 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg mL-1 atrazine, glyphosate and pendimethalin for 14 days at 28°C. The fungi that presented optimal and satisfactory growth were plated in Sabouraud culture medium with 4% dextrose and containing the herbicides at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg mL-1 for seven days at 28°C. The mean mycelial growth values were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p < 0.05%) for comparison and relative growth determination, and maximum inhibition rates were calculated. The isolated fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium verticillioides and Penicillium citrinum were shown to be resistant to atrazine, glyphosate and pendimethalin. F. verticillioides showed higher mean mycelial growth in the culture media contaminated with atrazine and glyphosate than the other two fungi. In the culture medium contaminated with pendimethalin, F. verticillioides, and A. fumigatus presented the highest mean mycelial growth values.

scholarly journals Indian Mustard and Allyl Isothiocyanate Inhibit Sclerotium rolfsii

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie G. Harvey ◽  
Heather N. Hannahan ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is the predominant isothiocyanate produced by damaged tissues of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L) Czerniak). This study investigated Indian mustard and AITC mediated suppression of mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo, a common soilborne pathogen. Indian mustard (IM) treatments of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 2.0, 4.1, 5.1, 10.2, 20.4, 40.8, 81.6, and 163.3 g·L-1 (weight of reconstituted mustard per liter of air) were evaluated for suppression of mycelial growth. Treatment effect was evaluated by measuring the radial growth of mycelia. Sclerotia were placed in culture tubes containing 18 g autoclaved soil and covered with an additional 5 g soil. AITC at concentrations of 0, 4.0, 16.0, 64.0, 256.0, 1024.0, or 4096.0 μmol·L-1 was injected into the tubes. Treated sclerotia were removed from tubes and plated on potato dextrose agar to determine viability. Mycelial growth was inhibited with IM treatments (P < 0.01). Inhibiting concentrations (IC) of IM for mycelial growth inhibition of 50% and 90% were 0.7 and 1.0 g·L-1, respectively, with death resulting with >2 g·L-1. Inhibition attributable to AITC alone was lower than that achieved by IM producing equivalent amounts of AITC. Germination of sclerotia was negatively correlated with AITC concentration (r = 0.96; P < 0.01). The IC50 and IC90, of AITC were 249.0 and 528.8 μmol·L-1, respectively, at 42 hours. The lethal concentration for sclerotia was not reached; only suppression occurred at the highest treatment concentrations. Sclerotium rolfsii mycelia were sensitive to the IM volatiles and were suppressed at low concentrations. Sclerotia were more resistant than the mycelia and required higher concentrations of AITC to suppress germination.

Vascular Fungi Associated with Branch Dieback of Olive in Super-High-Density Systems in Southern Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Agustí-Brisach ◽  
José Pablo Jiménez-Urbano ◽  
Maria Carmen Raya-Ortega ◽  
Ana López-Moral ◽  
Antonio Trapero-Casas
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
High Density ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Branch Dieback

Symptoms of branch dieback of olive with internal longitudinal dark streaking were observed during routine surveys in super high-density systems in southern Spain. Nineteen fungal isolates recovered from wood samples showing internal discoloration and necrotic xylem vessels were selected. Multilocus alignments of ITS, LSU, TUB and/or ACT were performed, and the following species were identified: Acremonium sclerotigenum, Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Paracremonium sp., Phaeoacremonium italicum, Ph. minimum, Ph. scolyti and Pseudophaeomoniella oleicola. Colony color, mycelial growth, conidial characteristics and production were defined on PDA, MEA and OA. Phenotypic characteristics and conidial production varied depending on the isolate and culture media. The effect of temperature on mycelial growth was evaluated on MEA. The isolates showed slowly mycelial growth (0.5-2.0 mm day-1), with the optimum temperature ranging from 23.2 to 33.9 °C. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on nine-month-old olive potted plants (‘Arbequina’) inoculated with mycelial plugs. Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Pm. minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora isolates from grapevine were included in the pathogenicity tests for comparative purposes. Prior to inoculation, the effect on the infection by inoculating with conidial suspensions or mycelial plugs was evaluated, with the second method being the most effective. Cadophora luteo-olivacea was the most aggressive fungi to olive followed by Pm. minimum.

Phosphite-based Products in the In vitro Colletotrichum musae Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Maria Luísa Mendes Rodrigues ◽  
Edson Hiydu Mizobutsi ◽  
Paola Junayra Lima Prates ◽  
Paula Virgínia Leite Duarte ◽  
Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
State University ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Colletotrichum Musae ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
Vitro Effect

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of different phosphite formulations and concentrations on the development of Colletotrichum musae. Sample: to evaluate the inhibition of germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Colletotrichum musae. Study Design:  Treatments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with 4 replicates, each replicate consisting of 1 Petri dish. Place and Duration of Study:  Laboratory of Post-Harvest Pathology, State University of Montes Claros, between March and October 2017. Methodology: Three different phosphite formulations were used: FCu1 (4% Cu + 20% P2O5), FCu2 (4% Cu + 22% P2O5) at concentrations of 0.5;1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mL L-1 and FK (42% P2O5 + 27.7% K2O) at concentrations of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mg.L-1. Products were incorporated into the respective culture media. Culture medium alone and culture medium + imazalil were used as controls. Petri dishes were housed in BOD chamber at 25°C under a 12 hours photoperiod. Results: Results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, and means were compared by the Tukey test (P <0.05). Control was compared to the other treatments by the Dunnet's test (P <0.05). Among the tested phosphite formulations, copper and potassium phosphites were found to reduce the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum musae. FCu2 presents a fungicide-like effect from the concentration of 0.5 m.L-1 in the control of conidia production. As for the FCu1, a fungicide-like effect was observed in the control of germination from the concentration of 1.5 mL.L-1. Conclusion: A significant fungistatic effect was observed between the concentrations of the products in the mycelial growth, sporulation and germination obtaining control of up to 100% of the development of C. musae. Copper phosphites were as effective as fungicide in inhibiting fungal development.

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