Impacts of Exogenously Derived Nitrogen Oxide and Sulfur Compounds on the Structure and Function of the Vascular Endothelium Link Pregnancy Hypertension with Later Life Hypertension

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucijan Mohorovic
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Pregnancy Hypertension ◽  
And Function

William Rutherford Sanders (1828–1881), anatomist, physician, linguist and museum conservator

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Dugald Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Abdominal Abscess ◽  
General Pathology ◽  
Consultant Physician ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University

William Rutherford Sanders spent a childhood and early student days divided between Edinburgh and Montpelier, France before graduating in Medicine in Edinburgh. An early interest in the spleen was encouraged by a two-year period in Europe where he became familiar with the work of Helmholtz, Bernard and Henle. Returning to Edinburgh, his growing experience led to the position of assistant in the Infirmary pathology department. He conducted classes in the University of Edinburgh and on behalf of the Royal Colleges became familiar with the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons where he was chosen as Conservator in 1853. Criticised by 20th century historians for concentrating on verbal teaching rather than on the conservation of the museum, Sanders became a consultant physician to the Royal Infirmary in 1861 and in 1869 Professor of General Pathology. Throughout these years, Sanders gave as much time as possible to the study of the structure and function of the spleen and to neurological disorders such as hemiplegia. His later life was interrupted by a series of illnesses commencing with an abdominal abscess. A prolonged convalescence allowed the resumption of work but deranged vision and hemiplegia preceded his death on 18 February 1881.

scholarly journals Update on the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Angiogenesis and Vascular Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengping Hu ◽  
Issahy Cano ◽  
Patricia A. D’Amore
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
And Function

The endothelial glycocalyx is a negatively charged, carbohydrate-rich structure that arises from the luminal surface of the vascular endothelium and is comprised of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The glycocalyx, which sits at the interface between the endothelium and the blood, is involved in a wide array of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including as a mechanotransducer and as a regulator of inflammation. Most recently, components of the glycocalyx have been shown to play a key role in controlling angiogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx. We focus on its role and functions in vascular inflammation and angiogenesis and discuss the important unanswered questions in this field.

Effect of Nitrogen Oxide on the Gums Lamina propria Structure and Function in the Experimental Gastritis, Duodenitis and Pharmacological Correction

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Y.G. Romanenko ◽  
V.I. Mamchur ◽  
A.E. Levykh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Plasma Proteins ◽  
Wall Permeability ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Given ◽  
Experimental Group

In the conditions of experi mental chronic gastritis and duodenitis reproduction, carried out among Wistar line 24 rats, was investigated effect of the nitrogen oxide stable metabolites content in the gums homogenates on a lamina propria structure and function. Results of our research have been shown, that level of nitrogen oxide stable metabolites in the rats’ gums tissues homogenates with gastritis and duodenitis decreased in three times, compared with a same period at the intact animals, which indicated about depletion of a nitrogen oxide depot at the given disease. It was revealed a significant decrease typical for the protein and glycoprotein content in the animals gums tissues at the experimental group, which indicated about the catabolic processes predominance. Amount of hexosamines in the gums was significantly increased, which was correlated with a morphological picture (gums lamina propria impregnation with the blood plasma proteins), testified about a change in the vascular wall permeability and microcirculation disruption. In the animals from experimental group was reduced a height of gums papillae connective tissue to 27.18±1.86 x 10-6 m against 56.93±2.64 x 10-6 m in the rats from control group. In the gums lamina propria defines phenomenon of the papillary and reticular layer fibrosis. After medicamentous correction, carried out with an antioxidant and the nitrogen oxide donor was observed repairing structure of the gums lamina propria on a background of increasing microvasculature area. It was determined significantly increased protein and glycoprotein content in the gums tissues with increased levels of nitrogen oxide metabolites.

scholarly journals Association Between Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability in Early Adulthood and Myocardial Structure and Function in Later Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chike C. Nwabuo ◽  
Yuichiro Yano ◽  
Henrique T. Moreira ◽  
Duke Appiah ◽  
Henrique D. Vasconcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Myocardial Structure ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Association of Longitudinal Trajectory of Albuminuria in Young Adulthood With Myocardial Structure and Function in Later Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Ravi B. Patel ◽  
Laura A. Colangelo ◽  
Jared P. Reis ◽  
Joao A. C. Lima ◽  
Sanjiv J. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Myocardial Structure ◽  
And Function

Hemodynamics and the Vascular Endothelium

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4B) ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Nerem
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cyclic Stretch ◽  
Mechanical Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Function

The endothelium, once thought to be a passive, non-thrombogenic barrier, is now recognized as being a dynamic participant in vascular biology and pathobiology. Part of its dynamic nature is due to the influence of the mechanical environment imposed by the hemodynamics of the vascular system. Over the past two decades much has been learned about the influence of hemodynamics on the vascular endothelium. This has been in part through in vivo experiments; however, in the past 15 years a number of laboratories have turned to the application of in vitro cell culture systems to investigate the influence of flow and cyclic stretch on the biology of vascular endothelium. Taken together these studies demonstrate that flow and the associated shear stress modulate both endothelial cell structure and function. Cell culture studies employing cyclic stretch provide similar evidence. Furthermore, these effects of mechanical environment extend to the gene expression level, with there being a differential regulation of mRNA. A critical question is how does an endothelial cell recognize the mechanical environment in which it resides and, having done so, how is this transduced into the changes in structure and function observed? Although our knowledge of the recognition events remains limited, studies on signal transduction in response to a mechanical stimulus indicate that many of the second messengers known to be triggered by chemical agonists also are involved in transducing a mechanical signal. Over the past 20 years our understanding of the importance of the influence of the mechanical environment imposed by the hemodynamics of the system on vascular endothelial biology, both in the regulation of the normal biology of blood vessels and as a determinant of the distribution and development of atherosclerotic lesions, has grown immensely; however, there is still much to be learned.

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

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