Reliability and validity of a brief version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief QOD) in patients with olfactory dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
L. Zou ◽  
A. Haehner ◽  
S. Menzel ◽  
N. Gunder ◽  
T. Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Disability Assessment ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Olfactory Disorder

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the brief version of Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief QOD). Methods: A total of 372 patients participated in this study. Olfactory function was examined using the Sniffin’ Sticks test. The brief version of QOD, including 4 items concerning parosmia (QOD-P), 7 items concerning quality of life (QOD-QOL), and 3 visual analog scales to rate disease burden, awareness of the disorder and issues related to professional life (QOD-VAS), was used to assess subjective information on olfactory dysfunction. We evaluated the split-half reliability, internal consistency and validity of the brief QOD. Results: The split-half reliability was 0.60 (QOD-P), 0.87 (QOD-QOL), and 0.66 (QOD-VAS), respectively. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.63 (QOD-P), 0.87 (QOD-QOL), and 0.71 (QOD-VAS), respectively. Olfactory function was found to be associated with QOD-P, QOD-QOL and QOD-VAS. Conclusions: The brief QOD is a suitable scale for the assessment of subjective severity of olfactory dysfunction for purposes such as treatment counseling, disability assessment, treatment control, and research in patients with olfactory disorder.

Association between olfactory function and quality of life in patients with olfactory disorders: a multicenter study in over 760 participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
L-q. Zou ◽  
T. Hummel ◽  
M.S. Otte ◽  
T. Bitter ◽  
G. Besser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional, multi-centric study aimed to investigate the differences in quality of life among patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) of different origin, and to identify factors associated with olfactory-related quality of life (QOL). METHODS: Seven hundred sixty-three adults were recruited from 8 Smell & Taste clinics in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Olfactory-related QOL was assessed by the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD). Olfactory function was assessed with the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test; self-assessment was performed with visual analog scales. RESULTS: Patients with post-infectious and post-traumatic OD showed poorer olfactory-related QOL than patients with sinonasal and idiopathic OD. The olfactory-related QOL was positively associated with the Sniffin’ Sticks test score, self-assessed olfactory function, disease duration, and age, with younger olfactory dysfunction patients showing lower QOL. Female patients presented with poorer olfactory-related QOL. In addition, the results showed that self-assessment of olfactory function explained more of the variance in olfactory-related QOL than olfactory function evaluated by the Sniffin’ Sticks test. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the psychophysical testing results, several factors such as disease cause, disease duration, sex, or self- assessed olfactory dysfunction should be taken into account when assessing the individual severity of the smell loss.

What is the Correlation between Ratings and Measures of Olfactory Function in Patients with Olfactory Loss?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Welge-Luessen ◽  
Thomas Hummel ◽  
Tomislav Stojan ◽  
Markus Wolfensberger
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Olfactory Loss ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Olfactory Testing ◽  
Olfactory Abilities

Background Major complaints of many patients with olfactory dysfunction relate to the impairment of quality of life. Nevertheless, it is unclear to what extent there is a correlation between ratings of olfactory abilities/impairment and olfactory function. Methods Patients with olfactory dysfunction (n = 152) were examined psychometrically using the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test battery. Ratings of olfactory function and ratings of impairment were recorded using visual analog scales. Results Following standardized olfactory testing, 78 of the 152 patients were categorized as functionally anosmic, 64 as hyposmic, and 10 as normosmic. Groups differed significantly with regard to ratings of olfactory function. Functionally anosmic patients rated impairment to be significantly higher compared with hyposmic and normosmic patients. Ratings of olfactory function correlated significantly with measured olfactory function (r = +0.57) and ratings of impairment (r = —0.30). Conclusion There was a moderate correlation between ratings and measures of olfactory function. On average, functionally anosmic patients recognized their olfactory loss, although, on an individual basis, there were striking differences between measures and ratings of olfactory function.

scholarly journals A systematic review of olfactory related questionnaires and scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
P. Han ◽  
T. Su ◽  
M. Qin ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
T. Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Impact

PURPOSE: Although neglected by science for a long time, the sense of olfaction has received increasing attention from research areas including psychology, neuroscience, clinical medicine and nutrition. With the rise of psychophysical and neuroimaging re- search into olfaction, psychometric tools (e.g. questionnaires and scales) are the basis for the quantitative exploration of inter-in- dividual variability regarding olfactory related responses. The current systematic review is to summarize existing olfaction related questionnaires and/or scales. METHODS: Peer-reviewed literature on scales and questionnaires related to perception of odors were searched from online databa- ses (PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO). Twenty-one articles that meet the following criteria were included in the review: “hu- man species”, “no physical odor stimuli” and “describing the original development of the tool”, and “with specific focus on olfaction or odor related responses or behaviors”. The psychometric properties, advantages and possible disadvantages were discussed. RESULTS: Existing psychometric measures focus on various aspects of olfactory related responses and behaviors, including af- fective experiences of odor perception, awareness and attitude towards olfaction, olfactory function and the quality of life change due to olfactory dysfunction, and the ability to create vivid mental odor images. While most of them have been tested to have good reliability and validity, some were relatively time-consuming due to the number of questionnaire items. Besides, although many measures have been used in clinical populations, few have provided information on the predictive validity regarding effecti- veness of clinical intervention on changes of certain responses or behaviors. SUMMARY: The current review provides an overview of olfactory related questionnaires and scales, highlighting the emotional and affective impact of olfaction and the impact on quality of life due to olfactory dysfunction. With growing interest in olfaction as an important sense, the development and use of psychometrically sound measurements in conjunction with objective assess- ments will advance our understanding of human olfaction and olfactory dysfunction. The review provides a guide for researchers and clinicians alike to select olfactory scales suitable for olfactory research with different experimental purposes and specific samples.

scholarly journals Assessment of odor hedonic perception: the Sniffin’ sticks parosmia test (SSParoT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Liu ◽  
Antje Welge-Lüssen ◽  
Gerold Besser ◽  
Christian A. Mueller ◽  
Bertold Renner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Olfactory Perception ◽  
Patient History ◽  
Odor Perception ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Health And Disease

Abstract Qualitative olfactory dysfunction is characterized as distorted odor perception and can have a profound effect on quality of life of affected individuals. Parosmia and phantosmia represent the two main subgroups of qualitative impairment and are currently diagnosed based on patient history only. We have developed a test method which measures qualitative olfactory function based on the odors of the Sniffin’ Sticks Identification subtest. The newly developed test is called Sniffin’ Sticks Parosmia Test (SSParoT). SSParoT uses hedonic estimates of two oppositely valenced odors (pleasant and unpleasant) to assess hedonic range (HR) and hedonic direction (HD), which represent qualitative olfactory perception. HR is defined as the perceivable hedonic distance between two oppositely valenced odors, while HD serves as an indicator for overall hedonic perception of odors. This multicenter study enrolled a total of 162 normosmic subjects in four consecutive experiments. Cluster analysis was used to group odors from the 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks Identification test and 24-additional odors into clusters with distinct hedonic properties. Eleven odor pairs were found to be suitable for estimation of HR and HD. Analysis showed agreement between test–retest sessions for all odor pairs. SSparoT might emerge as a valuable tool to assess qualitative olfactory function in health and disease.

scholarly journals 4347 Bimodal Visual-Olfactory Training for Post-Surgical or Post-Traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction (VOLT Trial)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
Andrew Michael Peterson ◽  
Dorina Kallogjeri ◽  
Jay Piccirillo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Quality Of Life Questionnaires ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Smell Identification ◽  
Olfactory Training

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: 1) Assess the patient-reported, perceived change in olfactory function after bimodal visual-olfactory training (OT) 2) Assess change in olfactory function after bimodal visual-olfactory training with a smell identification test 3) Assess which scents are most important to people with olfactory dysfunction (OD) METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The participants are adults with subjective or clinically diagnosed OD with post-surgical or traumatic etiologies within the last 5 years. At the first of two study visits, participants complete the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and complete general health (SF-36) and olfactory-related quality-of-life questionnaires. From a list of 34 scents, participants chose the 4 scents most important to them and smelled the scents twice daily for 3 months. Olfactory testing and the quality-of-life questionnaires were repeated at the final visit. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 10 participants have enrolled in the study. There was one screen fail and one withdrawal. Six participants are currently undergoing OT and two have completed the study. Seven participants have post-surgical etiology and three have post-traumatic etiology of their OD. Of the two participants who have completed the study, one had an UPSIT score improvement from 25 to 33 out of the 40 questions correct. The minimally clinically important difference on the UPSIT is 4. She reports improvement subjectively. The second participant had a UPSIT score change from 25 to 24 and reports ability to smell is neither better nor worse. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Traumatic and post-surgical, particularly post-transphenoidal hypophysectomy, are common etiologies of OD and no effective treatments exist. The results from our pilot study will help better inform the best way to undergo OT, how effective it is, and the planning of future studies.

scholarly journals Gangguan Fungsi Penghidu dan Pemeriksaannya

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Effy Huriyati ◽  
Tuti Nelvia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Conduction Disturbances ◽  
Olfactory Disorder ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstrakLatar belakang: Fungsi penghidu pada manusia memegang peranan penting. Gangguan penghidu dapat mempengaruhi keselamatan dan kualitas hidup seseorang. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui jenis gangguan penghidu, penyebab gangguan penghidu, dan pemeriksaannya. Tinjauan Pustaka: Gangguan penghidu dapat berupa anosmia yaitu hilangnya kemampuan penghidu, atau hiposmia yaitu berkurangnya kemampuan penghidu. Gangguan penghidu disebabkan gangguan konduksi, gangguan sensoria dan gangguan neural. Penyakit tersering penyebab gangguan penghidu yaitu rinosinusitis kronis, rinitis alergi, infeksi saluran nafas atas dan trauma kepala. Ada beberapa modalitas pemeriksaan kemosensoris fungsi penghidu diantaranya Tes “Sniffin sticks”. Dengan tes „Sniffin sticks” dapat diketahui ambang penghidu, diskriminasi penghidu dan identifikasi penghidu seseorang. Kesimpulan: Gangguan penghidu memerlukan perhatian khusus. Diantara beberapa modalitas pemeriksaan kemosensoris penghidu, tes “Sniffin sticks” mempunyai beberapa kelebihan.Kata kunci: Gangguan penghidu, anosmia, hiposmia, tes “Sniffin sticks”.AbstractBackground: Olfactory function in humans plays an important role. Olfactory disorders can affect the safety and quality of life. Objective: To determine the type of olfactory disorder, the causes of olfactory disorders, and the examination. Literature Review: Olfactory disorder can be not smell anything or anosmia, and reduced of smell or hyposmia. Olfactory disorders caused by conduction disturbances, neural disturbances and sensoris disturbances. Disease that often causes disturbances of olfactory function is, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infections and head trauma. There are several modalities to examine chemosensoris smelling function, one of them is “Sniffin sticks” test. This test can examine threshold, discrimination, and identification of smelling. Conclusions: Impaired smelling require special attention. Between some modalities to examine chemosensors smelling function, “Sniffin sticks” test has several advantages.Keywords: Olfactory disorders, anosmia, hyposmia, “Sniffin sticks” test.

Service Quality Of Industrial Parks In The View Of Foreign Direct Investment Firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 552-562
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Ngan ◽  
Bui Huy Khoi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Average Variance ◽  
Composite Reliability

This research aims to assess the service quality of industrial parks (IP) in the view of FDI (foreign direct investment) firms in Vietnam. Data was collected from 270 FDI firms in Vietnam - Singapore Industrial Parks (VSIP) in Vietnam. The proposed research model was based on researches on service quality. Cronbach's Alpha Average Variance Extracted (Pvc),rho (ρA), and Composite Reliability (Pc) tested the reliability and validity of the scale. The analysis results showed that four factors were affecting the servicequality of industrial park in Vietnam being tangibleof VSIP, reliability of VSIP, the empathyof FDI investors, and their assurance. The responsivenessof VSIP did not affect the servicequality of the industrial park. Contents of the article focus on two main issues: the analysis framework of the quantitative model and implicating results todevelop the industrial park services. The limitation of the research was only in VSIP in Vietnam.

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