scholarly journals Prevalence of occupational hazards in patients with different types of epithelial sinonasal cancers

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
M. Bonzini ◽  
P. Battaglia ◽  
D. Parassoni ◽  
M. Casa ◽  
N. Facchinetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Sinonasal Cancer ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Occupational exposure to carcinogens contributes greatly to the etiology of sinonasal cancer (SNC), but the role of different risk factors in determining different histological subtypes is disputed. Methodology: All consecutive surgical epithelial SNC cases (case-series study) underwent a systematic occupational medicine examination to determine previous exposure to a wide range of work-related chemical hazards. Results: We investigated 65 SNC cases including intestinal-type adenocarcinoma [ITAC] squamous-cell carcinoma [SCC], and others. Occupational exposure was recognized for 39 cases. Occupational exposures were sensibly more frequent among ITAC than among SCC or other histotypes. Occupational exposure in ITAC cases was to leather or wood dust only, while among non-ITAC cases, we recognised exposure to formaldehyde, solvents and metal fumes. A high proportion of SNC with occupational exposure originated in the ethmoidal epithelium. Conclusion: In our case-series of SNC, a very high frequency of previous occupational exposure to carcinogens was detected, suggesting that occupational hazards may be associated to the aetiopathogenesis, primarily for ITAC, but also for other histotypes. Besides leather or wood, other chemical agents must be recognized as occupational risk factors.

First-Ray Radiographic Changes After Flexible Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity Correction

2021 ◽  
pp. 107110072110345
Author(s):  
Chien-Shun Wang ◽  
Yun-Hsuan Tzeng ◽  
Tzu-Cheng Yang ◽  
Chun-Cheng Lin ◽  
Ming-Chau Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Radiographic Parameters ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity

Background: Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) and hallux valgus (HV) are common foot and ankle deformities. Few studies have reported the changes in radiographic parameters of HV after reconstructive surgery for AAFD. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in radiographic parameters of HV and analyze the risk factors for increased HV after correction of AAFD. Methods: Adult patients with flexible AAFD who underwent similar bony procedures including medializing calcaneal osteotomy and Cotton osteotomy were included. Radiographic parameters were measured on weightbearing radiographs preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Patients were divided into hallux valgus angle (HVA) increased and HVA nonincreased groups; logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors affecting increased HV. Results: Forty-six feet of 43 patients were included. After AAFD reconstructive surgery, the tibial sesamoid position improved by 1 grade, but the HVA increased 4 degrees in average. Further, 21 of 46 feet (46%) showed an HVA increase ≥5 degrees immediately after AAFD correction surgery. Preoperative talonavicular coverage angle <21.6 degrees was a risk factor associated with HV increase immediately after the surgery. Conclusion: In this case series, using plain radiographs to measure standard parameters of foot alignment, we found the association between AAFD correction and HV deformity measures somewhat paradoxical. Correction of overpronation of the hindfoot and midfoot appears to improve the first metatarsal rotational deformity but may also increase HVA. A lower preoperative talonavicular coverage angle was associated with an increase of the HVA after surgery. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series study.

scholarly journals Occupational Histoplasmosis: Epidemiology and Prevention Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Marie A. de Perio ◽  
Kaitlin Benedict ◽  
Samantha L. Williams ◽  
Christine Niemeier-Walsh ◽  
Brett J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors

In areas where Histoplasma is endemic in the environment, occupations involving activities exposing workers to soil that contains bird or bat droppings may pose a risk for histoplasmosis. Occupational exposures are frequently implicated in histoplasmosis outbreaks. In this paper, we review the literature on occupationally acquired histoplasmosis. We describe the epidemiology, occupational risk factors, and prevention measures according to the hierarchy of controls.

The Epidemiology of Household Rodenticides Poisoning in Hong Kong and its Risk Factors for Developing Coagulopathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Othman ◽  
Ck Chan ◽  
Fl Lau
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Intentional Ingestion ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Clinically Significant

Objective To (1) describe the epidemiology of household rodenticides poisoning in Hong Kong, (2) evaluate the proportion of patients who have develop coagulopathy after rodenticide poisoning, (3) identify the risk factors for developing coagulopathy in rodenticide poisoning. Design Case series study. Setting Sixteen accident and emergency departments in Hong Kong. Patients Patients with household rodenticide ingestion who presented to accident and emergency departments during the period from July 2008 to February 2012. Results 110 patients were reported to have rodenticide exposure during the study period. Eighty-seven patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 40.1 and the male-to-female ratio was 1.29:1 (49:38). Most patients (91%) took the rodenticide intentionally. Sixty-nine patients (79%) exposed to anticoagulants type of rodenticide based on history or laboratory findings. The ingredient of the rodenticide ingested in 18 patients (21%) was untraceable. The only clinically significant presentation reported after rodenticide exposure was coagulopathy. Thirty-one patients (36%) developed coagulopathy with an international normalised ratio greater or equal to 1.3. Clinical significant bleeding was only observed in one patient. Presence of coagulopathy in rodenticide poisoning was significantly associated with older patient, intentional ingestion, ingestion of warfarin, ingestion of more than one pack and presence of co-ingestion. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only two factors were independent predictor of coagulopathy: Ingestion of warfarin rodenticide (p=0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 18.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.44-96.42), and ingestion of more than one pack of rodenticide (p=0.02, OR=10.01, 95% CI=1.43-69.87). Conclusions Clinically significant household rodenticide poisoning in Hong Kong is solely related to ingestion of anticoagulant type of rodenticide. Patients who have ingested warfarin rodenticide and higher ingestion dose are more likely in developing coagulopathy. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2014;21:339-345)

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of posterior iris claw intraocular lens fixation in aphakic patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Rosemary Tomy ◽  
Rajkumar Maheshwari ◽  
Ansa Parveen Kunhu Muhammed ◽  
Venkataramana Kalikivayi ◽  
Sajeev Cherian Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose: To assess the indications and visual outcome of eyes undergoing posterior iris fixated intraocular lens (IFIOL) implantation for aphakia, to identify reasons for poor visual outcome, and report occurrence of complications. Methods: In this retrospective case series study, all cases of posterior IFIOL fixation performed over a 30-month period were identified retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations comprised objective and subjective refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, and dilated fundus examination. Results: Fifty-six eyes of 56 patients were analyzed. Mean age was 60.55 ± 17.2 years. The most common indication for IFIOL implantation was surgical aphakia following complicated cataract surgery (n = 33; 58.9%) followed by trauma (n = 10; 17.9%), dropped nucleus/IOL during primary surgery (n = 6; 10.7%), and subluxated/dislocated lens-induced glaucomas (n = 5; 8.9%). BCVA better than or equal to their preoperative BCVA was achieved in 96.43% patients. The surgical aphakia and paediatric/adolescent groups had the best visual results while the dropped nucleus/IOL group and subluxated lens-induced glaucoma groups fared poorly. On the long-term follow-up visit, the most common complication noted was pigment dusting on the corneal endothelium (65.7%). Conclusion: The long-term results suggest that posterior IFIOL implantation is a safe and effective method for correction of aphakia and can be used for a wide range of indications in eyes without adequate capsule support. It may be considered an easier and faster alternative with minimal manipulation to anterior segment structures in paediatric and post-traumatic aphakic eyes.

scholarly journals Effect of Placenta Previa on fetal & maternal morbidity / mortality

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Sehr Zaman ◽  
Asma Zubair ◽  
Sher Zaman Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Saeed Malik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Series Study

Objective: To see the effect of placenta previa on fetal and maternal mortality/ morbidity. This was a case series study. Study was conducted in Gynecology unit BV Hospital Bahawalpur during year 2000 to 2003. All the patients presenting with or with out painless bleeding in antenatal clinic & proved to be due placenta previa were included in the study. Patients presenting with pain less bleeding in the antenatal clinic due to other reasons were excluded from the study. In all the patients` history along with the risk factors clinical and sonography finding, any intervention needed and final out come was recorded. SPSS was used for data collection & analysis. Results: Total 50 patients were studied Out of these 84% of patients were symptomatic a t admission the symptoms found were Bleeding, shock & Pain. Strong associations o f risk factors like Age, Parity, ERCP, Smoking and previous C. Section was found in our study. Severe hemorrhage, prematurity, stillbirths and ENND was associated with Placenta Previa. Conclusion: Placenta previa is not an uncommon but underestimated, under reported & preventable condition. Prevention is possible in case of Known risk factors. Early diagnosis is necessary as the delay in some cases may end up in disaster

scholarly journals Pertussis Vaccination Failure in the New Zealand Pediatric Population: Study Protocol

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Chisholm ◽  
Howe ◽  
Best ◽  
Petousis-Harris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Investigate Risk Factor ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Series Study

Pertussis vaccines have been effective at reducing pertussis-associated morbidity and mortality. However, they have a complex array of limitations, particularly associated with the duration of protection against clinical disease and imperfect immunity (carriage and transmission). Little is known about risk factors for pertussis vaccination failure. Understanding pertussis vaccination failure risk is most important in the paediatric population. This study aims to investigate risk factors for pertussis vaccination failure in (1) infants between birth and six weeks of age born to mothers who received pertussis booster vaccinations during pregnancy and (2) infants after the completion of the primary series (approximately five months old) to four years old. This will be achieved in a two-step process for each study group. Pertussis vaccination failure cases will first be described using a case series study design, relevant case characteristics will be sourced from six national administrative datasets. The case series study results will help select candidate risk factors (hypothesis generating step) to be tested in the retrospective cohort study (hypothesis testing step. Pattern analysis will be used to investigate risk factor patterns in the cohort study. The identification of higher risk groups enables targeting strategies, such as additional doses, to better prevent pertussis disease.

Exposure to occupational hazards and risk of sinonasal epithelial cancer: results from an extended Italian case–control study

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106738
Author(s):  
Angelo d’Errico ◽  
Jana Zajacova ◽  
Anna Cacciatore ◽  
Santo Alfonzo ◽  
Fabio Beatrice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Welding Fumes ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Sinonasal Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Production

ObjectivesThere is sufficient evidence for a causal association of sinonasal epithelial cancers (SNEC) only for exposure to wood and leather dusts, nickel compounds and employment in isopropyl alcohol production. The aim of this study was to assess whether other occupational hazards are associated with the risk of SNEC for the main histologic types, namely adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsThe study population included 375 incident SNEC cases collected from 1996 to 2014 (79% of all diagnosed SNEC) throughout the Piedmont region by the regional Sinonasal Cancer Registry, and 408 hospital controls. Exposure to 17 occupational agents was assigned through expert assessment based on interviews to the subjects on jobs held throughout their working life. The relationship of SNEC with ever and cumulative exposure to the hazards was assessed through unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, area of residence, smoking habit, year of enrolment and coexposures.ResultsAD was associated with both ever and cumulative exposure to wood dust, leather dust and organic solvents, and with cumulative exposure to textiles dusts. SCC risk was significantly increased by ever exposure to nickel, chromium and welding fumes, as well as by cumulative exposure to welding fumes, arsenic and organic solvents. A mixed group of other histological types was associated with both ever and cumulative exposure to wood dust and textile dusts.ConclusionsThe associations of SNEC with wood dust, leather dust and nickel were confirmed, while some new associations were observed for other hazards, which merit further investigation.

scholarly journals Alterations in immune and renal biomarkers among workers occupationally exposed to low levels of trichloroethylene below current regulatory standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Mu Lee ◽  
Luoping Zhang ◽  
Roel Vermeulen ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Bryan A Bassig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Kidney Toxicity ◽  
Renal Biomarkers ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Low Levels

ObjectivesThe occupational exposure limit for trichloroethylene (TCE) in different countries varies from 1 to 100 ppm as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). Many countries currently use 10 ppm as the regulatory standard for occupational exposures, but the biological effects in humans at this level of exposure remain unclear. The objective of our study was to evaluate alterations in immune and renal biomarkers among workers occupationally exposed to low levels of TCE below current regulatory standards.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study of 80 healthy workers exposed to a wide range of TCE (ie, 0.4–229 ppm) and 96 comparable unexposed controls in China, and previously reported that TCE exposure was associated with multiple candidate biological markers related to immune function and kidney toxicity. Here, we conducted further analyses of all of the 31 biomarkers that we have measured to determine the magnitude and statistical significance of changes in the subgroup of workers (n=35) exposed to <10 ppm TCE compared with controls.ResultsSix immune biomarkers (ie, CD4+ effector memory T cells, sCD27, sCD30, interleukin-10, IgG and IgM) were significantly decreased (% difference ranged from −16.0% to −72.1%) and one kidney toxicity marker (kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1) was significantly increased (% difference: +52.5%) among workers exposed to <10 ppm compared with the control group. These associations remained noteworthy after taking into account multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (ie, <0.20).ConclusionOur results suggest that occupational exposure to TCE below 10 ppm as an 8-hour TWA may alter levels of key markers of immune function and kidney toxicity.

scholarly journals Sinonasal Cancer and Occupational Exposure in a Population-Based Registry

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Mensi ◽  
Dario Consonni ◽  
Claudia Sieno ◽  
Sara De Matteis ◽  
Luciano Riboldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Information ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Sinonasal Cancer ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Population Based Registry

We examined occupational exposures among subjects with sinonasal cancer (SNC) recorded in a population-based registry in the Lombardy Region, the most populated and industrialized Italian region. The registry collects complete clinical information and exposure to carcinogens regarding all SNC cases occurring in the population of the region. In the period 2008–2011, we recorded 210 SNC cases (137 men, 73 women). The most frequent occupational exposures were to wood (44 cases, 21.0%) and leather dust (29 cases, 13.8%), especially among men: 39 cases (28.5%) to wood and 23 cases (16.8%) to leather dust. Exposure to other agents was infrequent (<2%). Among 62 subjects with adenocarcinoma, 50% had been exposed to wood dust and 30.7% to leather dust. The proportions were around 10% in subjects with squamous cell carcinoma and about 20% for tumors with another histology. The age-standardized rates (×100,000 person-years) were 0.7 in men and 0.3 in women. Complete collection of cases and their occupational history through a specialized cancer registry is fundamental to accurately monitor SNC occurrence in a population and to uncover exposure to carcinogens in different industrial sectors, even those not considered as posing a high risk of SNC, and also in extraoccupational settings.

scholarly journals The Italian National Surveillance System for Occupational Injuries: Conceptual Framework and Fatal Outcomes, 2002–2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Campo ◽  
L Cegolon ◽  
D De Merich ◽  
U Fedeli ◽  
M Pellicci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
National Database ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Injured Person ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fatal Injuries

ABSTRACTBackgroundA national database of work related injuries was established in Italy since 2002, collecting information on the injured person, his/her work tasks, the workplace as well as risk factors contributing to accident dynamics, according to a model called Infor.Mo.MethodsThe present is a qualitative description of occupational fatal injuries, excluding work-related fatal traffic injuries, that occurred in Italy from 2002 to 2016 (15 years).Results4,874 victims were registered, all were males, mainly of >51 years of age (50.5%), predominantly self-employed (27.8%) or workers with non-standard contracts (25%). About 18.4% and 17.3% of fatal accidents occurred in micro-enterprises belonging to, respectively, Construction and Agriculture. A wide range of nationalities (59 countries in addition to Italy) was identified. 18.9% work related fatal injuries were due to some form of dangerous energy □ mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical □ freely present in the workplace. Fall of workers from height (33.5%), heavy bodies falling on workers from height (16.7%) and vehicles exiting their route and overturning (15.9%) were the accidents causing the greatest proportion of occupational fatal injuries. The activity of the injured person made up 43.3% of 9,386 risk factors identified in 4,874 fatalities. Less common risk factors were related to: work equipment (20.2%); work environment (14.9%); the activity of third parties (9.8%); personal protective equipment/clothing (8.0%) and materials (3.7%). The activity of the injured person remained the most relevant contributing factor even when the accident was caused by two or more risk factors.DiscussionOccupational fatal injuries occurred mainly in small size firms. Small companies generally have less resources to catch up with the continuously evolving health and safety at work regulations; moreover, they tend to be less compliant with occupational health and safety regulations since are less likely to be inspected by occupational vigilance services. As a result, the enforcement of regulations to control the occupational risk factors of occupational injuries is seemingly costly and scarcely effective. An alternative approach that is being introduced in Italy relies on the use of economic incentives to promote safe and healthy workplaces.

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