Introduction to the Special Issue on Nature, Nurture, and the Development of Exceptional Competence

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 254-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yun Dai ◽  
Laurence J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Gifted Education ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Foundational Issue ◽  
Nature And Nurture ◽  
Additive Influence

The nature and nurture of exceptional competence is a key foundational issue for gifted education. This special issue is intended to present the most current thinking about the issue by a group of leading psychological researchers from diverse traditions. The introduction of the following 5 articles is organized around 3 themes: (a) nature versus nurture (additive influence of each), (b) nature and nurture (reciprocation and interaction of the 2), and (c) nature in nurture (nature mediated by, or revealed through, nurture). It is argued that the progression from the nature-nurture debate to interactionist perspectives, to a further consideration of nature and nurture as working as 1 system, represents a more refined and deeper understanding of the role of nature and nurture in the development of exceptional competence.

Poor Little Rich Kids? The Role of Nature versus Nurture in Wealth and Other Economic Outcomes and Behaviours

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1683-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E Black ◽  
Paul J Devereux ◽  
Petter Lundborg ◽  
Kaveh Majlesi
Keyword(s):  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Birth Factors ◽  
Nature And Nurture ◽  
Parental Wealth ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Wealth is highly correlated between parents and their children; however, little is known about the extent to which these relationships are genetic or determined by environmental factors. We use administrative data on the net wealth of a large sample of Swedish adoptees merged with similar information for their biological and adoptive parents. Comparing the relationship between the wealth of adopted and biological parents and that of the adopted child, we find that, even prior to any inheritance, there is a substantial role for environment and a much smaller role for pre-birth factors and we find little evidence that nature/nurture interactions are important. When bequests are taken into account, the role of adoptive parental wealth becomes much stronger. Our findings suggest that wealth transmission is not primarily because children from wealthier families are inherently more talented or more able but that, even in relatively egalitarian Sweden, wealth begets wealth. We further build on the existing literature by providing a more comprehensive view of the role of nature and nurture on intergenerational mobility, looking at a wide range of different outcomes using a common sample and method. We find that environmental influences are relatively more important for wealth-related variables such as savings and investment decisions than for human capital. We conclude by studying consumption as an overall measure of welfare and find that, like wealth, it is more determined by environment than by biology.

Epilogue: Conclusions and Implications for Gifted Education

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 374-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yun Dai ◽  
Laurence J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Gifted Education ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Gifted Child ◽  
Nature And Nurture ◽  
Development Orientation ◽  
Development Paradigm

This epilogue draws general conclusions regarding the role of nature and nurture in the development of exceptional competence. Then, implications of the nature-nurture debate and research on gifted education are discussed in terms of 2 alternative paradigms: the gifted-child paradigm and the talent-development paradigm. More specifically, we attempt to elucidate how ideas expressed in preceding articles reinforce a talent-development orientation along 5 major dimensions of gifted education: (a) programming, (b) identification, (c) curriculum, (d) teaching, and (e) counseling.

Inside the Enemy's Computer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Guitton
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Standards Of Evidence

Attribution — tracing those responsible for a cyber attack — is of primary importance when classifying it as a criminal act, an act of war, or an act of terrorism. Three assumptions dominate current thinking: attribution is a technical problem; it is unsolvable; and it is unique. Approaching attribution as a problem forces us to consider it either as solved or unsolved. Yet attribution is far more nuanced, and is best approached as a process in constant flux, driven by judicial and political pressures. In the criminal context, courts must assess the guilt of criminals, mainly based on technical evidence. In the national security context, decision-makers must analyze unreliable and mainly non-technical information in order to identify an enemy of the state. Attribution in both contexts is political: in criminal cases, laws reflect society’s prevailing norms and powers; in national security cases, attribution reflects a state’s will to maintain, increase or assert its power. However, both processes differ on many levels. The constraints, which reflect common aspects of many other political issues, constitute the structure of the book: the need for judgment calls, the role of private companies, the standards of evidence, the role of time, and the plausible deniability of attacks.

scholarly journals Fluvial Geomorphology and River Management

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Salvatore Ivo Giano
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
River Restoration ◽  
Fluvial Geomorphology ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
River Management ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
The Impact

This Special Issue deals with the role of fluvial geomorphology in landscape evolution and the impact of human activities on fluvial systems, which require river restoration and management [...]

scholarly journals Inflammation and Atherosclerosis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Klaus Ley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Special Issue

This 11-chapter Special Issue of Cells spans the gamut from basic science in mechanistic animal models to translational science to outcomes of clinical trials, all focused on the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis [...]

scholarly journals Homenagem: Remembering the Life and Work of Abdias Nascimento

2021 ◽  
pp. 002193472110115
Author(s):  
Keisha-Khan Y. Perry ◽  
Anani Dzidzienyo
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Black Studies ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Art And Politics ◽  
Black Politicians ◽  
Brown University ◽  
Black World ◽  
The Relationship

This essay provides a brief introduction to this special issue focused on the life and work of Black Brazilian scholar-activist Abdias Nascimento. The contributors include, Vera Lucia Benedito, Ollie Johnson, Zachary Morgan, Elisa Larkin Nascimento, and Cheryl Sterling who all participated in a 2015 conference at Africana Studies at Brown University. This group of scholars aptly illustrate that Nascimento had long contributed to the internationalization of Black Studies as a field in US academe and he was crucial in establishing Brazil as a central component of the Black World. The essays have much to teach us about Nascimento’s views on the relationship between art and politics, the role of military service in shaping his activism, the significance of black politicians in the reconceptualization of Brazilian democracy, and the importance of preserving archives and expanding our understanding of the Black radical tradition.

Policing and Political Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272110130
Author(s):  
Kristine Eck ◽  
Courtenay R. Conrad ◽  
Charles Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Conflict Studies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Conflict Processes ◽  
State Security ◽  
New Research ◽  
Conflict Research

The police are often key actors in conflict processes, yet there is little research on their role in the production of political violence. Previous research provides us with a limited understanding of the part the police play in preventing or mitigating the onset or escalation of conflict, in patterns of repression and resistance during conflict, and in the durability of peace after conflicts are resolved. By unpacking the role of state security actors and asking how the state assigns tasks among them—as well as the consequences of these decisions—we generate new research paths for scholars of conflict and policing. We review existing research in the field, highlighting recent findings, including those from the articles in this special issue. We conclude by arguing that the fields of policing and conflict research have much to gain from each other and by discussing future directions for policing research in conflict studies.

scholarly journals Editorial “Nutrition and Dietary Intake for Liver-Related Diseases”

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Ewa Stachowska ◽  
Karolina Jakubczyk ◽  
Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Nonalcoholic Liver Disease

In this special issue, we focus on the role of nutrition in the therapy of nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) [...]

scholarly journals A room with a view: a special issue with a special perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Simone Borghesi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Climate Policies

AbstractThe present article describes the main insights deriving from the papers collected in this special issue which jointly provide a ‘room with a view’ on some of the most relevant issues in climate policy such as: the role of uncertainty, the distributional implications of climate change, the drivers and applications of decarbonizing innovation, the role of emissions trading and its interactions with companion policies. While looking at different issues and from different angles, all papers share a similar attention to policy aspects and implications, especially in developing countries. This is particularly important to evaluate whether and to what extent the climate policies adopted thus far in developed countries can be replicated in emerging economies.

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