scholarly journals Inflammation and Atherosclerosis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Klaus Ley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Special Issue

This 11-chapter Special Issue of Cells spans the gamut from basic science in mechanistic animal models to translational science to outcomes of clinical trials, all focused on the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis [...]

scholarly journals Local Antimicrobial Treatment in Orthopaedic Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Antonia F. Chen ◽  
Heinz Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Basic Science ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgeons ◽  
Bone And Joint Infection

Abstract. The purpose of this special issue of Journal of Bone and Joint Infection is to provide orthopaedic surgeons with basic science explanations as to how these local antimicrobials work, clinical evidence that supports these local treatments, and the role of these local treatments against biofilm.

scholarly journals The Role of Animal Models in Evaluating Reasonable Safety and Efficacy for Human Trials of Cell-Based Interventions for Neurologic Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Regenberg ◽  
Debra JH Mathews ◽  
David M Blass ◽  
Hilary Bok ◽  
Joseph T Coyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Gathering Data

Progress in regenerative medicine seems likely to produce new treatments for neurologic conditions that use human cells as therapeutic agents; at least one trial for such an intervention is already under way. The development of cell-based interventions for neurologic conditions (CBI-NCs) will likely include preclinical studies using animals as models for humans with conditions of interest. This paper explores predictive validity challenges and the proper role for animal models in developing CBI-NCs. In spite of limitations, animal models are and will remain an essential tool for gathering data in advance of first-in-human clinical trials. The goal of this paper is to provide a realistic lens for viewing the role of animal models in the context of CBI-NCs and to provide recommendations for moving forward through this challenging terrain.

scholarly journals Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS/RSD) and Neuropathic Pain: Role of Intravenous Bisphosphonates as Analgesics

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Yanow ◽  
Marco Pappagallo ◽  
Letha Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bone Pain ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Intravenous Bisphosphonates

Neuropathic pain is a sequela of dysfunction, injuries, or diseases of the peripheral and/or central nervous system pain pathways, which has historically been extremely difficult to treat. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) types 1 and 2 are neuropathic pain conditions that have a long history in the medical literature but whose pathophysiology remains elusive and whose available treatment options remain few. While an exact animal model for CRPS doesn't yet exist, there are several animal models of neuropathic pain that develop behaviors of hypersensitivity, one of the hallmark signs of neuropathic pain in humans.Bisphosphonates have been used for pathologic conditions associated with abnormal bone metabolism, such as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease and cancer-related bone pain for many years. More recently, results of clinical trials have indicated the potential role of bisphosphonates in the treatment of CRPS/RSD.In this paper we will review the preclinical studies regarding the use of bisphosphonates as analgesics in animal models of neuropathic pain, and also summarize the clinical trials that have been done to date. We will give an overview of bisphosphonate pharmacology and discuss several potential mechanisms by which bisphosphonates may be analgesic in CRPS/RSD and bone pain of noncancer origin.

scholarly journals Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman A. Zinovkin ◽  
Andrey A. Zamyatnin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Molecular Pharmacology ◽  
National Library ◽  
Lipophilic Cations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Available Information

Background: Targeting of drugs to the subcellular compartments represents one of the modern trends in molecular pharmacology. The approach for targeting mitochondria was developed nearly 50 years ago, but only in the last decade has it started to become widely used for delivering drugs. A number of pathologies are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory and metabolic conditions. Objective: This mini-review aims to highlight the role of mitochondria in pathophysiological conditions and diseases, to classify and summarize our knowledge about targeting mitochondria and to review the most important preclinical and clinical data relating to the antioxidant lipophilic cations MitoQ and SkQ1. Methods: This is a review of available information in the PubMed and Clinical Trials databases (US National Library of Medicine) with no limiting period. Results and Conclusion: Mitochondria play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases and possibly in aging. Both MitoQ and SkQ1 have shown many beneficial features in animal models and in a few completed clinical trials. More clinical trials and research efforts are needed to understand the signaling pathways influenced by these compounds. The antioxidant lipophilic cations have great potential for the treatment of a wide range of pathologies.

scholarly journals Memory T Cells in Flavivirus Vaccination

Vaccines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyu Li ◽  
Cody Teleki ◽  
Tian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Host Protection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Flavivirus Infection

Flaviviruses include many medically important viruses, such as Dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), West Nile (WNV), yellow fever (YFV), and Zika viruses (ZIKV). Currently, there are licensed human vaccines for DENV, JEV, TBEV and YFV, but not for WNV or ZIKV. Memory T cells play a central role in adaptive immunity and are important for host protection during flavivirus infection. In this review, we discuss recent findings from animal models and clinical trials and provide new insights into the role of memory T cells in host protective immunity upon vaccination with the licensed flavivirus vaccines.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2623
Author(s):  
Rose
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Critical Nutrients

Here an overview of the special issue “Amino acid nutrition and metabolism in health and disease” is given. In addition to several comprehensive and timely reviews, this issue had some original research contributions on fundamental research in animal models as well as human clinical trials exploring how the critical nutrients amino acids affect various traits.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs and Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models: Current Insights and Future Research Avenues

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Delay ◽  
Sébastien S. Hébert
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Key Genes

Evidence from clinical trials as well as from studies performed in animal models suggest that both amyloid and tau pathologies function in concert with other factors to cause the severe neurodegeneration and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Accumulating data in the literature suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) could be such factors. These conserved, small nonprotein-coding RNAs are essential for neuronal function and survival and have been implicated in the regulation of key genes involved in genetic and sporadic AD. The study of miRNA changes in AD mouse models provides an appealing approach to address the cause-consequence relationship between miRNA dysfunction and AD pathology in humans. Mouse models also provide attractive tools to validate miRNA targetsin vivoand provide unique platforms to study the role of specific miRNA-dependent gene pathways in disease. Finally, mouse models may be exploited for miRNA diagnostics in the fight against AD.

scholarly journals Shank mutant mice as an animal model of autism

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1633) ◽  
pp. 20130143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyoun Yoo ◽  
Joseph Bakes ◽  
Clarrisa Bradley ◽  
Graham L. Collingridge ◽  
Bong-Kiun Kaang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Autism Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies

In this review, we focus on the role of the Shank family of proteins in autism. In recent years, autism research has been flourishing. With genetic, molecular, imaging and electrophysiological studies being supported by behavioural studies using animal models, there is real hope that we may soon understand the fundamental pathology of autism. There is also genuine potential to develop a molecular-level pharmacological treatment that may be able to deal with the most severe symptoms of autism, and clinical trials are already underway. The Shank family of proteins has been strongly implicated as a contributing factor in autism in certain individuals and sits at the core of the alleged autistic pathway. Here, we analyse studies that relate Shank to autism and discuss what light this sheds on the possible causes of autism.

scholarly journals Alternative mechanisms of miR-34a regulation in cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e3100-e3100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Slabáková ◽  
Zoran Culig ◽  
Ján Remšík ◽  
Karel Souček
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Resistance To Therapy ◽  
Relevant Context

Abstract MicroRNA miR-34a is recognized as a master regulator of tumor suppression. The strategy of miR-34a replacement has been investigated in clinical trials as the first attempt of miRNA application in cancer treatment. However, emerging outcomes promote the re-evaluation of existing knowledge and urge the need for better understanding the complex biological role of miR-34a. The targets of miR-34a encompass numerous regulators of cancer cell proliferation, survival and resistance to therapy. MiR-34a expression is transcriptionally controlled by p53, a crucial tumor suppressor pathway, often disrupted in cancer. Moreover, miR-34a abundance is fine-tuned by context-dependent feedback loops. The function and effects of exogenously delivered or re-expressed miR-34a on the background of defective p53 therefore remain prominent issues in miR-34a based therapy. In this work, we review p53-independent mechanisms regulating the expression of miR-34a. Aside from molecules directly interacting with MIR34A promoter, processes affecting epigenetic regulation and miRNA maturation are discussed. Multiple mechanisms operate in the context of cancer-associated phenomena, such as aberrant oncogene signaling, EMT or inflammation. Since p53-dependent tumor-suppressive mechanisms are disturbed in a substantial proportion of malignancies, we summarize the effects of miR-34a modulation in cell and animal models in the clinically relevant context of disrupted or insufficient p53 function.

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